高中英语作文素材：看世界名著的经典开头-写满分作文

语法专辑-介词语法专辑-介词I. 介词分类：1简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5分词转化成的介词considering(就而论), including6形容词转化成的介词like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII. 常用介词区别：1表示时间的in, on, atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关2表示时间 表示时间since, fromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in, on, to，offin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外5表示“在上”的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”的through, acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关7表示“关于”的about, onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间9besides与except的区别besides指“除了还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in, withwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音11as与like的区别as意为“作为，以地位或身份”，like为“象一样”，指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.主要介词区别1 、表示时间（1） 表示时间的at, in, on：（2） at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。（2）表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.（3）表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.2、表示位置（1）表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.（2）表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.（3）表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.（4）in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.3、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.4、 表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.5、 between, among：6、 一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.6、 besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。7、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.8、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。9、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。10、 in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。11、 in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。by的用法讲与练 作介词： 1. 在近处；在旁边 standing by the window 站在窗户旁边； a table by the bed床边的桌子 2. 经；由；从 to enter by the door 由门进去 3. 经过旁 He walked by me. 他从我旁边走过。 4.不迟于 By tomorrow hell be here. 他明天就到这儿。 5.被；由 written by Shakespeare 莎士比亚写的 6.根据；按照 to play by the rules 按规则比赛 7.相差 His horse won by a nose. 他的马以一鼻之差取胜。 8.以方式 She earned money by writing. 她靠写作挣钱。 We went by air. 我们乘飞机走。 9.表示相（乘）除（以计算面积）a room 15 feet by 20 feet 一间长20英尺宽15英尺的房间 to divide X by Y 用Y除X 10.逐一；连续 The animals went in 2 by 2. 动物两个两个地走进去。 11.（指动物）由所生 be bornby作副词1.通过 Please let me by. 请让我过去。 2.附近 Do it when nobody is by. 等附近没人时再做。 练习. 介 词（一）by的用法： 1Come and sit _（我旁边）2_（到上星期日）I had finished the book3She came home _（乘飞机）4Did you make the desk _（自己独自）?5_（顺便问一下）, how many people are there in your family?6It has been turned into water_（受热）7_（不久以后）, more and more people began to study English8The Great Wall was built_（用手）9Then _（逐渐地）, the smoke grew heavier and thicker until finally it turned into a terrible Genie10If your son feels well enough to watch TV_（到那时）, hell be fine after the game【答案】1by me 2By last Sunday 3by plane air 4by yourself 5By the way 6by the heat 7By and by 8by hand 9little by little 10by then 1. The teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing _ink in exercise books.A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with2. The worker can make chairs _ wood, and also can make paper _ wood.A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, frommake of与make from两者都常用在被动语态中，表示“某物由.构成的”. make of 的原材料是看的到的，即平常我们说的物理现象，比如The chair is made of wood.椅子是有木头做成的。make from的原材料是看不到的，比如Paper is made from the trees. 纸张是由木材做成的。是一种化学变化，从纸上是看不出一棵树滴。3. Mary dropped in _ Mr Smith, but he wasn t at home, so she went to drop in _ Mr Smiths office.A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. On drop on 偶然遇见;drop in 顺便走访 drop in on sb固定搭配拜访某人4. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work.A. with, with B.in,inC. in, withD. with, in5. His grandfather died _ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died _ hungry and cold.A. from,of B.of,fromC.from,from D.of.of若死因存在于人体之上或之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),一般用介词 of.若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词 from 。 如： die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故，雷击等)die from 死于外因, 刀剑伤，水火，车祸 die of 死于内因，疾病，饥饿，干渴6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither.A.into B.after C.off D. out of7. This is a common mistake _ students.A. between B.over C. among D. about8. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.toC.atD.as9. _ hearing the news, I was wild _ joy.A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, withC. behind, inD. behind, atbehind可指代水平能力方面的落后， in就是“在”数学这个方面11. Nobody knows it _ me.A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but/exceptexcept意为只有除外;除去,后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all, everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是同类项。except for.是除了因为;要不是;除去一点外的意思,表示对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的排除否定式。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的不是同类项。besides相当于as well as,意为除了以外还有,即除去一部分还有另外一部分的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内。No one but her parents _ it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing d. are knowing答案是B。这题真正的主语是No one 是第三人称单数 所以要选B No one 才是真正的主语。这个语法现象叫主谓一致当主语有with， together with， like， except， but， no less than， as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。12. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but forbut for总表示“要不是”，与动词虚拟语气连用；except for总是作“除之外”解，与动词的陈述语气连用， 关于 but 与 except两者都可表示“除外不再有”，但含义上略有差别：but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分：All are here but one. 除一个人外大家都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。还有一个人没到。另外，在现代英语中，but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后： no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等 any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等 every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等 all, none 等 who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I havent told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。No one but he him showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。但是 except 却没有以上限制：正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。误：The window is never opened but in summer.13. It happened _ the Long March.A. during B.in C.at D.for14. We go to school _ a bike.A.in B.on C.by D.over15. Its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of16. Fresh air is good _ your health.A.at B.for C.of D.to17.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,forC.for,forD.on.onwait for 等待 wait on 服侍 伺候 照顾18.The group is made up_five students. And they are studying hard to make up_ the lost time.A.of,of B.for,forC.of,forD.for,of19.The PLA man saved the boy _ death.保全 拯救。 stop fromA. of B.from C.to D.on20. He will come _ three days.A.before B.after C. in D. later21. He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.A. in B. beforeC. laterD. after22. He will return_ three oclock.A.after B.in C.on D.at23. He wrote the article _ three days.A.at B.inC.on D.by24.I agree _ what you said.A.to B.on C.with D.at25. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)?A.at B.withC.on D.to26. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract.A.on B.to C.with D.atagree with表示同意某人或某人的观点，agree on通过协商同意，agree to同意或接受某事，尤其是别人提出的事，有时可能是自己不愿意的事27. Do you often hear_ your brother?A. of B. from C. out of D. abouthear of听说 听到 提起某事 直接指其对象!I will not hear of this business.别跟我再说这事了Hear about听到关于某人或某事的消息Do you hear the latest about LiMing?你听说过李明的最近情况吗？28.1 heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it.A. out B.from C.of D.withhear of + sb./sth: 听到或知道某人某事物的情况I have never heard of him since he left. 自从他离开后，我再没听到过他的消息。I have heard of the song. 我曾听说过这首歌。（注意：这里提及的不是听到这首歌，而是听说过这首歌）hear about + sth. : 听到关於某事物的消息Ive just heard about his promotion. 我刚刚听到了他被提升的事。29. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over30. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across B. through C.by D.pastwalk through，固定搭配，意思是 沿着.穿过；步行穿过或通过 31.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop.A. acrossB. throughC.byD.past32. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People.A. across B. throughC. pastD.over33. _ the sun, nothing would grow.A. For B.WithC. UnderD. Without34. The teacher is busy _ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of35. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers.A. for B.in C.on D.of1.be busy with sth例如:I am busy with my homework!2.be busy in doing sth例如:I am busy in doing my homework!36. We left Xi an _._ a very hot summer afternoon.A. on B.in C. during D.by37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming_ her.A. but B. except C. except for D. without38. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,aboutbe angry with sb at sthbe angry with sb about sth都可以的一般be angry with sb和be angry at sb都有一般只有be angry at sb后面会加for再加原因 be angry at sth. 因某事而生气 get angry at sth. 因某事而生气 be angry about sth. 因某事而生气 get angry at about sth. 因某事而生气 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 get angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sb. for 因.生某人的气 get angry at sb. for 因.生某人的气 make sb. angry 使某人生气 When angry, count a hundred. 谚每当动怒时, 先要冷静一下39. My father was disappointed _ the news.A. by B. about C. atD. On be disappoint with sb. at sth be disappointed at / about sth. be disappointed in / with sb40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing _October,1998 and came back home _the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;atC.in;onD.by;from41 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.to;atC.on;inD.of;to42. I dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help.A. since B. unlessC. becauseD. without43. He is running _the wind towards the east of the station _Tom is running _ the right.A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; toHe is running_against_ the wind towards the east of the station_with_ Tom running_on_ the right.他正迎着风向车站的东面跑去，Tom在他右边。因为没有说running down the wind 或 for the wind 的。顺风可以是 with the wind，不过如果是while的话，后面就应该是Tom is running 而且，前面说向东，后面说向右，有点不对。所以不选D44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck _the beauty of nature that he stayed _another night.A.at;on B.with;atC.for;inD.by;for45. Many people are still _ the habit of writing silly things _ public places.A.at;at B.in;in有做的习惯；在公共场合=in publicC.into;ofD.during;at46. - Do you go there _ bus?- No, we go there _ a train.A. in; on B.on;onC.by;inD.by; with47. I made the coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand, not with a machine.A. in; in B.in; withC. with; byD. with; withwith表示“用”，还可以表示“和，随身带”等、by hand意思是“手工做的，而不是机器作的”in的话就变成了在手里48. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li.A. in; in B. at; inC. in; byD. from; in49. The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A. from; at B.of;inC.of;onD. for; during一、若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介词 of。如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病，癌症，发烧等)二、若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词 from 。 如： die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故，雷击等)三、若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用 of, from 均可。如：die of from a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等)50. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A. except B. butC. besidesD. beside51. He looked quite healthy _ he was _ the age of seventy.A. when; at B. because; inC. if; forD. though; at52. - How long has the bookshop been in business?-_1982.A. After B.InC.FromD.Since53. Did you have any trouble _ the post office?A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in findinghave trouble (in) doing sth在方面有困难have trouble with sb/sth和某人相处有矛盾（问题），做某事不顺利（出现问题）54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.withC.forD.of本句的意思是：实话告诉你，我与它毫无关系。have something to do with 表示与什么有关系have nothing to do with 表示与什么毫无关系固定搭配。55. Something must be done to prevent our city _ by thick smoke.A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting56._ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody butC. The teacher besides D. All except57. Henry,_ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?A. together withB. likeC. and notD. but in addition to58. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. in B.atC.toD.on59. His father will be back from London _ a few days.A.since B.inC.onD.after60. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.A.at B.on