高中英语直接引语与间接引语讲义

直接引语和间接引语一、概念：直接引语指直接引用别人的话，故必须有引号；间接引语为转述别人的话，无引号。e.g.Hesaid,“IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”(直接引语)HesaidthathehadgonetotheGreenLakethedaybefore.(间接引语)二、步骤（如何把直接引语变为间接引语）：连接词 人称 时态 状语 语序第一步：连接词1、 直接引语为陈述句，用that.2、 直接引语为一般疑问句，用whether或if(主句动词常为ask)3、 直接引语为特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词（what, when, how等）4、 直接引语为祈使句，用tell/order/asksb.(not)todosth.e.g.(1)Hesaid, “IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”(陈述句)Hesaidthat(2)Heasked,“DidyougototheGreenLakeyesterday?”Heaskedwhether/if(3)Dontmakesomuchnoise,children!”shesaid.Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.第二步：人称的变化一般可以通过翻译来转化人称，也可以通过口诀“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”来记忆。e.g.Hesaid,“IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”Hesaidthathe翻译出来为：（他说，“我昨天去翠湖了。”），那么转换过来为：（他说,他昨天去了翠湖。）由此可见，翻译出来后人称很好转化。第三步：时态的变化（引号内的内容向前推一个时态）直接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时过去完成时间接引语一般过去时过去完成时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时e.g.Hesaid,“IwenttotheGreenLakeyesterday.”(一般过去时)Hesaidthathehadgone.(过去完成时)【注意】以下几种情况时态不变直接引语是客观真理。Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachertoldmethattheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”JacksaidthathewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.JacksaidthathewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”Hesaidthathegetsupatsixeverymorning.第四步：状语的变化时间状语地点状语其他（代词、动词等）now thenago beforetodaythatdayyesterday thedaybeforetomorrowthenextdaythiseveningthateveningnextweekthenextweeklastweek theweekbeforethe day after tomorrow two days laterhere therethis place that placethis thatthese thosecome goborrow lendcan couldmay mightmust had to第五步：陈述句语序（易错点）直接引语的类型间接引语的变化例句陈述句间接引语的引导词that可以省略；主句的引述词有say,tell,report,answer,reply,explain,announce,think等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。“ImleavingforTokyoonbusinesstomorrow”,Mr.Smithsaidme.Mr.SmithtoldmethathewasleavingforTokyoonbusinessthenextday.疑问句间接引语必须将疑问句语序一般疑问句由if/whether引导从句Hesaidtome,“Doyouoftengotothecinema?”HeaskedmewhetherIoftenwenttothecinema.直接引语的类型间接引语的变化例句陈述句间接引语的引导词that可以省略；主句的引述词有say,tell,report,answer,reply,explain,announce,think等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。“ImleavingforTokyoonbusinesstomorrow”,Mr.Smithsaidme.Mr.SmithtoldmethathewasleavingforTokyoonbusinessthenextday.疑问句间接引语必须将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号；主句的引述词由say改为ask一般疑问句由if/whether引导从句Hesaidtome, “Doyouoftengotothecinema?”HeaskedmewhetherIoftenwenttothecinema.反意疑问句由if/whether引导从句Jakesaid, “Youhaveseensuchalovelysight,haventyou?.”JakeaskedmewhetherIhadseensuchalovelysight.选择疑问句由whetheror引导从句Iaskedmyson,“Willyoustayathomeorgowithus?”Iaskedmysonwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgowithus.特殊疑问句由原来的疑问词引导从句Studentsasked,“Whenwillweattendthesportsmeeting?”Studentsaskedwhentheywouldattendthesportsmeeting.祈使句间接引语必须将肯定或否定祈使句的谓语动词相应地变为肯定或否定的不定式；主句引述词由say改为ask,tell,order,command,warn,suggest,insist等。“Letshaveabreak,”theteachersaid.Theteacheradvisedustohaveabreak.感叹句间接引语的引导词可以用that,what,how。Sheshouted,“Whatalovelyboyitis.”Sheshoutedthatitwasalovelyboy./Sheshoutedwhatalovelyboyitis.【注意】1.直接引语是祈使句，若表示请求，变为间接引语时，应使用ask sb.（not）to do sth.若表示命令，应该使用tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.2.直接引语是以lets 开头的祈使句，变间接时，通常用suggest+动名词/从句同样，当疑问句并不是表示疑惑，而是建议等时，也可用suggest/advisee.g. shall we get the ticket first?he suggestWhy dont you send it back to the factory?3.直接引语中凡有When,since,while 引导的从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句时态,从句的时态不变GrammarWork语法专练1将下面的直接引语改为间接引语a.AuntEmilysaidtome,“Iwilltakeyourdaughtertothehistorymuseumtomorrow.”_b.Tomasked,“Doyouhavethehabitofhavingsportseveryday?”_c.Mysisteraskedme,“Whendidyoufindtheanswertothisquestion?”_d.“Myworkersaretryingtofinishthistaskaheadoftime,”theengineersaidtous._e.Mr.Smithsaidtous,“Dontbelateforschooltomorrow,please.”_2将下面的间接引语改为直接引语a.Theteacheraskeduswhocouldsolvethatdifficultquestion._b.Thetravelersaidthateverythinghadchangedsincehecamelasttime._c.Theoldmanorderhisgrandsonstobequiet._d.Hesaidthathisparentsshouldhavebeentherethreedaysbefore,buttheywerenottherethen._e.TheintervieweeaskedmewhenIwasborn._GrammarQuiz语法小测1.Littlebrotheraskedme_IcouldbuyhimatoywhenIwenttotown.A.whetherB./C.thatD.how2.CouldyoutellmewhereIcanfindthebusstop?Yes,Iwilltellyou_youwanttoknow.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.which3._?No,sheleftherewithoutoneword.A.DidJuliasaywhenshewillcomebackB.DidJuliawhenwillshecomebackC.DidJuliasaywhenshewouldcomebackD.DidJuliasaywhenwouldshecomeback4.Canyoutellme_thepostofficeinashortway,sir?A.howcanIgettoB.howIcangettoC.wherecanIgettoD.whereIcangetto5.TherepairmanaskedMr.Black_withhisairconditioner.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterwasC.whatisthematterD.whatwasthematter6.Mr.BushtoldhislistenerthatEdison_theelectriclightlastcentury.A.inventsB.inventedC.hasinventedD.hadinvented7.Mother_ifIcouldopenthetightwindow_.A.saidtome;thereB.askedme;thereC.askedtome;hereD.saidtome;here8.Thelawyeraskedinspectors_evidencefoundherewastrueornot.A.thatB.whichC.ifD.whether9.Iaskmybossifhe_tomybirthdaypartywhenhe_timenextSunday.A.comes;willhaveB.comes;hasC.willcome;willhaveD.willcome;has10.Doyourememberhowmanytimes_toShanghaisincelastyear?A.youhavebeenB.haveyoubeenC.hadyoubeenD.didyougoGrammarWork语法专练1将下面的直接引语改为间接引语a.AuntEmilysaidtomethatshewouldtakemydaughtertothehistorymuseumthenextday.b.Tomaskeduswhetherwehadthehabitofhavingsportseveryday.c.Mysisteraskedmewhenwehadfoundtheanswertothisquestion.d.Theengineertoldusthathisworkersaretryingtofinishthattaskaheadoftime.e.Mr.Smithtoldusnottobelateforschoolthefollowingday.2将下面的间接引语改为直接引语a.Theteacher