高考英语非谓语动词--Ving(一)

1、 知识点非谓语动词（一）动词-ing形式1、 动名词动名词的句法功能：（1） 作主语：v.ing形式作主语表示一般的或抽象的习惯性行为，且常用it作形式主语。(在“It is no use.”，“It is no good.”，“It is fun.”，“It is a waste of time.”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：)It is no use crying over split milk.覆水难收。_ 朗读是很有好处的。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。2作表语：In the ant city,the queens job is laying eggs.3 作宾语：口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 Consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,pardon/excuseadmit,delay/putoff,fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 Avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practicedeny,finish,enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 Forbid,imagine,riskcanthelp,mind,allow/permit,escape短语：standup,leaveoff,putoff,giveup,canthelp(stand),devote.to,payattentionto,objecttoEg： They havent finished building the dam. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 4作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick. 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget todosth.忘记做某事 todosth.记住要做某事 doingsth.忘记已经做过某事rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事 todosth.停下来去做另一件事 doingsth.后悔做过某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事try todosth.努力做某事 todosth.打算做某事 doingsth.尝试着做某事 meandoingsth.意味着做某事goon todosth.(做完某事(接着做另一件事 doingsth.(goonwithsth.(继续做同一件事二、现在分词一、现在分词的各种构成形式 主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 注意：其否定形式是在doing之前加上not。1一般式：（谓语动词同时发生） doing Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。2被动式： being done He went to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3完成式：（谓语动词发生之前） having done We remembered having seen the movie. 我们记得看过这部电影。4完成被动式：having been done He forget having been taken to Guangzhou at the age of five. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5否定式：not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 二、现在分词的句法功能：1、-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语_=aroomwhichisusedforreading阅览室_=shoesforrunning跑鞋_=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。Theylivedinahousewhichisfacingsouth._他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasket. 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ThemanwhoisvisitingJapanismyuncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。2、现在分词作表语：.Herjobis(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2.Theproblemisquite(puzzle).这个问题很令困惑。常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。3作宾语补足语：1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。Whenwereturned,wefoundastranger_(stand)infrontofthehouse.2、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento+sb+doingsth（doing作宾补）Ifeltsomebody(talk)behindme.Iheardagirl (cry)inthedark.Inoticedathief (steal)onthebus.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave+sb/sth+doingsth(doing作宾补）使某人做某事Wekeptthefire(burn)allnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。Iwonthaveyou(run)gaboutintheroom.我不会让你在房间里跑来跑去。4现在分词作状语：动词ing形式作状语(1)动词ing形式作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。作时间状语：He is an advanced worker when he was working in the factory. = _作原因状语： He always helps others because he is a league member.= _作伴随状语 He stayed at home, washing and cleaning.作条件状语：If you are always playing, you will waste alt of time.= _作结果状语：He dropped the glass, braking into pieces.作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 。作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 与逻辑主语构成独立主格： I waiting for the bus , a bird fell on my head All the tickets sold, they left disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 If time permitting, we will do another exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 总结: 非谓语的解题步骤或思路（1）先判断空格部分所需的是主