致用英语 第四册 Unit 3

TheAgeofTime Unit3 万事日久自明 时间是治愈一切创伤的良药 时代在变 人也在变 光阴一去不复返 光阴似箭 一去不复返 时间是锉刀 磨损静悄悄 7 时间比金钱更宝贵 你能获取更多的金钱 但无法拥有更多的时间 8 对于等待的人 时间太慢 对于害怕的人 时间太快 对于悲伤的人 时间太长 对于喜悦的人 时间太短 但对于心中有爱的人 时间就是永恒 ListeningandSpeaking A Listentothefirstpartofamonologueabouttheinventionoftheclock Answerthefollowingquestions 1 Whendidpeoplebegintomakeclocks 2 Wheredidthecivilisationofmakingclocksbegin 3 Whatroledidclocksplayatthattime 4 Whatisthedifferencebetweentheclockandtheseasonsandthephasesofmoonintermsofmeasuringtime 5 Wheredoestheword clock comefromandwhatdoesitmeanoriginally 6 Whenwasthefirstmechanicalalarmclockinvented Approximately5 000to6 000yearsago IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica Clocksincreasedtheeffectivenessofpeople scalendars andhelpedthemorganisetheirtimemoreefficiently Astheseasonsandthephasesofthemooncanbeusedtomeasurethepassageoflongerperiodsoftime theclockisusedtomeasureshorterprocessesintermsofhoursandminutes Theword clock comesfromtheFrenchword cloche meaningbell Thefirstmechanicalalarmclockwasinventedin1787 5 000to6 000yearsEnhancecandlesburndownthepassageoftime sundialsandhourglasseselectronicsnoclockworkpartsbatterieswinding Notuntilsomewhatrecentlyintermsofhumanhistorydidpeoplefindaneedforknowingthetimeofday Asbestweknow 5 000to6 000yearsagogreatcivilisationsintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricabegantomakeclockstoincreasetheeffectivenessoftheircalendars Withtheirsocietalactivities formalreligions andotherdailyissues theseculturesapparentlyfoundaneedtoorganisetheirtimemoreefficiently Theclockisoneoftheoldesthumaninventionstoenableustojudgehowlongaprocesshasrun Astheseasonsandthephasesofthemooncanbeusedtomeasurethepassageoflongerperiodsoftime shorterprocesseshadtobeusedtomeasureoffhoursandminutes Theword clock comesfromtheFrenchword cloche meaningbell TheLatinwordforbellis glocio theSaxonis clugga andtheGermanis glocke ThefirstmechanicalalarmclockwasinventedbyLeviHutchinsofConcord NewHampshire in1787 PartOne BACK Historicalrecordsrevealthatapproximately5 000to6 000yearsagogreatcivilisationsintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricabegantomakeclockstoenhancetheircalendars Theseculturesfoundthattheyneededtoorganisetheirtimemoreefficiently Originallycandlesandsticksofincensethatburndownatapproximatelypredictablespeedswereusedtoestimatethepassageoftime Othermethodsweresundialsandhourglasses Thedevelopmentofelectronicsinthetwentiethcenturyledtoclockswithnoclockworkpartsatall Nowmechanicalclockshavesincecometobelargelypoweredbybatteries removingtheneedforwinding PartTwo BACK Timeindicatedbynumbers bytheclock watch minutehand hourhand 60minutes 24hours 7daysaweek timekeepers calendars schedules clocks fiscalyear academicyears weekdays weekends deadlines artificialtiming Timeindicatedbynature bytheseasons blueberry raspberry blackberryseason lobstersthatshedoldshellsandthenhardennewones lowtide mussels hightide mackerels naturalrhythms Themainidea THispassageprovidesadifferentperspectivetothinkabouttheconceptoftime escapefromtheartificialtimesandfollowthenaturalrhythms Words Expressions 1 literallyadv usedtoemphasisethatsomething especiallyalargenumber isactuallytrue确实 不夸张地e g 1 Thepredictionwasliterallyaccomplished 这个预言确实实现了 really BACK Idiomsusuallycannotbetranslatedliterallyinanotherlanguage 成语通常不能照字面译成另一种语言 word for word shedv togetridofsomethingthatyounolongerneedorwant抛弃e g 1 It stimeforthesnaketoshedhisskin BACK shedn 车棚 小屋 脱落物vt 使 流出 散发 脱落 除掉Sheshedcrocodiletears iepretendedtobesorry whenshedismissedhimfromhisjob 她把他解雇时 流出了鳄鱼的眼泪 假装难过 Thesnowhasbankedupagainsttheshed 雪在小屋旁聚积起来 It stoolatetochangeyourmindnow sothereisnopointinsheddingtears 你现在改变主意已经太迟了 所以为此而伤心落泪是毫无用处的 Whereisthetoolshed 工具棚在哪 losetrackof失去 的线索Marylosttrackofherfriendsatcampaftersummerwasover 夏天过后 玛丽就和她一起宿营的朋友失去了联系 Thefarmerhassomanychickens hecanoftenlosetrackofthemall 这农民有许许多多小鸡 弄得他常常自己也数不清 slipv togosomewherewithoutattractingotherpeople sattention悄悄地移动e g 1 Theshipslippedintotheharbouratnight 2 Youarenotgoingtoletawonderfulchancelikethatslipthroughyourfingers areyou BACK Idonotseehowyoucanslipoutofwriteareportaboutthat 我看你躲不了要写一份有关这事的报告 slipoutofone sgrasp控制不住 hardenv tobecomefirmorstiff ortomakesomethingfirmorstiff变硬e g 1 Hotsteelisquenchedtohardenit 2 Lifeinthecamphadhardenedhimconsiderably BACK Thebayisnotastorewithopeninghourssetbyitsowner 海湾可不是个由店主来决定营业时间的商店 artificialadj anartificialsituationorqualityexistsbecausesomeonehasmadeitexist andnotbecauseitisreallynecessary人工的 人为的e g 1 Artificialheatinghastensthegrowthofplants 2 Thisorangedrinkcontainsnoartificialflavourings BACK fiscalyearthe12monthperiodoverwhichacompanycalculatesitsprofitsorlosses财政年度e g Ourplantcontrollermadeourcompanyabudgetplanforthenextfiscalyear BACK fastenv toattachsomethingfirmlytoanotherobjectorsurface系牢e g 1 Weshallbelanding atGairport shortlypleasefastenyourseat belts 2 Shefastenedthenoticetotheboard BACK Wearesoremovedfromnaturalrhythmsthatwerarelyrealisehow unnatural thisis Howunnaturaltofastenourselvestotime 我们距离自然的节奏那么遥远 以至于感觉不到我们生活得有多么 不自然 不能意识到把自己牢牢地绑在时间上是多么地不自然 Theschedule thatcontrolonourlives wastheinventionofmonkswhoseearlypassionfororganisingandfillingeveryminuteofthedaygrewfromthewarningthat idlenessistheenemyofthesoul 那些控制我们生活的日程安排 最初是僧侣为了警示世人 怠惰是灵魂的敌人 才想出来的让人们时时刻刻都有事可做的办法 rivalv tobeasgoodorimportantassomeoneorsomethingelse试图匹敌或越过e g Shipscan trivalaircraftforspeed BACK sporadicadj happeningfairlyoften butnotregularly无时间顺序或固定模式e g Therewerereportsofsporadicfightinginthestreets BACK aboveallAdverb1 aboveandbeyondallotherconsideration aboveall youmustbeindependent synonym mostimportantly mostespecially2 takingeverythingtogether shewasfirstandlastascientist synonym firstandlast eventuallyadv afteralongtime orafteralotofthingshavehappened最终e g Sheeventuallymarriedthemostpersistentoneofheradmirers BACK Medievaltimewasstillsporadic leisurely unpredictableandabovealltiedtoexperiencesratherthanabstractnumbers 中世纪的时间还是随意 悠闲 不可预测的 时间与人们的生活经验紧密相连 而不是由抽象的数字来决定的 Itwasthemerchantsandfactoryownerswhoeventually andwithgreatdifficulty trainedworkers thosewhohadpreviouslylivedaccordingtochangesoftheseasons tobecomeasregularasclockwork 是那些商家和厂主 处心积虑地把最初根据季节变化而劳作的工人 最终训练成了像钟表一样机械工作的人 equatev toconsiderthattwothingsaresimilarorconnected把 一事物 和 另一事物 等同看待e g Nowadays manypeopleequatepassingexaminationswithbeingeducated BACK Isitanywonderthat Eg WithallthepossibilitiesofeatinginstantlyandconstantlyandwiththeabundanceoffoodinAmerica isitanywonderthatAmericanstendtobeoverweight 面对花样繁多的快速食品 人人可以便捷地 随时随地享用 许多美国人超重还值得奇怪吗 stretchv tomakesomethingbiggerorlooserbypullingorbecomebiggerorlooserasaresultofbeingpulled被拉长e g Aspider swebcanstretchconsiderablywithoutweakening BACK Thedesertstretchedawayintothedistance 沙漠一直延伸到远方 Igotoutofthebedandhadagoodstretch 我起床后舒服地伸了个懒腰 habitatn thenaturalhomeofaplantoranimal栖息地e g Thepolarbear shabitatistheicywatersoftheArctic BACK imprintn amarkleftbyanobjectbeingpressedintoorontosomething印记e g Theuntoldsufferinginthechildhoodleftanindelibleimprintonhistendermind BACK KeystoP44A 2 Toleavequietly3 Tomovetowards4 Typesofediblefruits5 Typesofedibleseacreatures6 Holdingtightly7 Measuringtimebysomeman madedevices8 Amaekleftintoorontosomething SentenceFragments Asimplecompletesentenceconsistsofasubjectandapredicate Afragmentsentenceisanincompletesentence whichlacksapredicate asubject orbothasubjectandapredicate Itisasectionofasentenceandhasnomeaningwhenstandingalone forexample asubordinateordependentclause 1 MissingsubjectExample a WenttoParislastweek Correction a HewenttoParislastweek 2 MissingpredicateExample a Thatyoungman b Johnhitbyabus ParticiplePhraseFragment Correction a Thatyoungmanisjumpingoffthebridge b Johnwashitbyabus John hitbyabus didnotsurvive John whowashitbyabus didnotsurvive 3 Missingsubjectandpredicate Example a Unbelievablyheavy b TravelingtoParis Tomwasabletofindpeaceinhislife ParticiplePhraseFragment Correction a Itisunbelievablyheavytocarryabagofsand b TravelingtoParis Tomwasabletofindpeaceinhislife 4 Asubordinateordependentclause Example a Hedidnotgotowork Becauseheissick SubordinateClauseFragment b Althoughheissuchatalentedplayer c Toprepareforhisspeech InfinitivePhraseFragment d Yesterday IsawJohn Myhighschoolclassmate AppositiveFragment Correction a Hedidnotgotowork becauseheissick b Althoughheissuchatalentedplayer helacksthepatienceto