U2 deer and the energy cycle

Unit2DeerandtheEnergyCycle Onlythefittestsurvives Teachingaims 1 LetSsknowthelifeandsurvivalofthefittestandthetheoryofnaturalselection 2 Understandtheanalogy 3 Understandtheprocess food energy life death4 Knowenergysourcesandcrisis5 Readingcomprehension EnergycycleWritingstyleLifecircle Steps 1 Warm up2 IntroductoryRemarks3 Skimthetextandtheexercises4 Backgroundinformation5 Themainideaandstructureofthetext6 Detailthelanguagepoints7 Translationandwriting Warm up ProverbsandQuotations Warm upQuestions1 Whatdoyouthinklifedependson moneyloveorsthelse 2 Wheredoesenergycomefrom Food spirit Godorwhat Atbeginningofthethistext theauthorpointsoutthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoaround However ourenergysourcesarelimited andwearerapidlyusingthemup Therefore weshouldmakegooduseofenergy Theauthordescribesthelifeofdeeringreatdetailroundtheyearandthevariousmeansbywhichtheysurvivethehardwinter Hepointsoutintheendthatbyreducingtheircostoflivingdeercanincreasetheirchancesofsurviveinwinter Whenfoodishardtofind Andheisactuallyleadingthereadertothequestion Shoudn twehumanbeingsdothesametoavoidthecomingofenergycrisis IntroductoryRemarks Lifedependsonenergy Allhumanbeingseatfoodandmakeuseofthechemicalenergyinit ascoallotheranimals Callingenergythecurrencyoftheecologicalsystem Prof Moenarguesthatitisneitherlovenormoneybutenergythatmakestheworldgoround however ourenergysourcesarelimited andwearerapidlyusingupourenergysupplies Itisextremelyimportantthereforethatweshouldconservethesesuppliessoastomakethemlastaslongaspossibleandmakegooduseofenergy Factsaboutthelifeofdeerinthefourrespectiveseasons Summer eatasmuchastheycan storingtheexcessintheformoffat activeingrowing reproducingorstoringfatAdultmales growantlersandgetfatAdultfemales givevirthtoyoung producemilkFawns becomelessdependentontheirmother smilkandbegintosearchforgrowingplantsasfoodFall continuetoeathighqualityfoodinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinterWinter reducetheiractivity growawintercoatofhair andlowertheirmetabolism usethereservesoffattosurvivethecoldwinterSpring becomeactiveagain BackgroundThephraseusuallyreferstoacriticalshortageinthesupplyofenergy producingfuels suchasgas oil andcoal Duringtheearly1970 sthedemandforpetroleumincreasedsharply andWesterncountriesdependedheavilyonimportedsupplies ThesituationbecameworseduringtheArab Israeliwarof1973 whentheArabnationsreducedoilproductionandembargoedoilshipmentstotheUnitedStatesandothercountriesthatsupportedIsrael causinganacuteenergyshortageinthesecountriesduringthewinterof1973 1974 Thatisafundamentalruleoflifeforwild freewanderinganimalssuchasdeer Fundamentalrule Darwin swell knowntheoryofnaturalselectionor survivalofthefittest thatis thecontinuingexistenceofthoseanimalsandplantswhicharebestadaptedtotheirsurroundings Mainideaofthepassage Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystem itisenergythatmakestheworldgoround anditisontheenergycyclethatalllifedepends Writingstyle Thetextisanexpositoryessay Meansofwriting ExamplesandillustrationsCauseandeffectClassificationanddivision Simileisadirectcomparisonwhichismadeexplicitbysuchwordsas like and as Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimited Metaphorisanimpliedcomparison Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystem EnergycycleenergyFoodseekmorefoodtogrow reproduceenergyItisenergythatmakestheworldgoaround storefatb animalstosurvivethewinterspendlessenergy Lifecircle newlifeLifedeathdeathfoodfoodfornewlifelifelife AfterReading 8 1 3 Onlythefittestsurvives 适者生存 4 Planyourconsumptioncarefullyonalongtermbasis andyouwillnotneedtoworrywhenafamineoccurs 细水长流 遇灾不愁 5 Itisnotenoughtodogood onemustdoittherightway JohnMorley Britishstatesman 人不仅要做好事 更要以正确的方式做好事 英国政治家J 莫利 1 IfWintercomes canSpringbefarbehind PercyByssheShelley 2 WhenwritteninChinesethewordcrisisiscomposedoftwocharaters Onerepresentsdangerandtheotherrepresentsopportunity JohnF kennedy AfterReading 8 2 5 Mistakesareanessentialpartofeducation BertrandRussell Britishphilosopher 教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程 美国历史学家杜兰特 错误是教育极为重要的一部分 英国哲学家B 罗素 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 4 Educationisaprogressivediscoveryofourignorance Durant Americanhistorian 2 Warm upExercises 5 BackgroundInformation Deer BR MAIN 3 AQuiz 1 WordWeb 4 AnEnglishSong EnergyCrisis EcologicalSystem Ecosystem BeforeReading 1 1 WordWeb Directions Whatwordswilloccurtoyouwheneverwementiontheword energy Writedownasmanywordsaspossibleaboutit ENERGY heat solarenergy wind coal gas oil atomicenergy nuclearenergy energyresources energycrisis conservationofenergy wind fossilfuels BeforeReading 2 1 1 Warm upExercises Tips flowingwater solar chemical reaction nuclear Directions Watchthevideoandwritedownthekindsofenergymentioned BeforeReading 2 1 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading WINDPOWER FOSSILFUELS Anancientsourceundergoingarevivalwithmodernturbinetechnology Derivedfromlong deadorganicandanimalmatter Oil coal andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels BeforeReading 2 1 3 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading SOLARENERGY Thesun spowercanbeharnessedinvariousways byusingphotovoltaiccellstogenerateelectricitydirectly byusingthermalcollectorstomakesteamtogenerateelectricity byusingpassivesolarmaterialsthatmaximizeorretainthesun sheat BIOMASS Biomassisvegetalororganicmaterial includingdungandplants andbiofuelsarethesolidorliquidorgaseousfuelsthatderivefromit Wood methaneandalcoholareallbiofuels BeforeReading 2 1 4 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading NUCLEARENERGY Currentlyproducedby fission Anatomissplit usinguranium andtheheatproduceddrivessteamturbinestogenerateelectricity BeforeReading 3 1 AQuiz Directions Giveeachiteminthequizanumberfrom1to5 andaddupthenumbersfromthequiztoseeHow Green YouAre 1 always2 often3 sometimes4 hardlyever5 neverDoyou 1 avoidthrowingthingsawayiftheycanbereused repairedorrecycled 2 userecycledpaper 3 recyclepaper glass andcans 4 avoidproductsfromnonrenewablesources 5 avoidbuyingoverpackagedproducts 6 walkoruseabikewhentravelingshortdistances 7 usepublictransportationwhentravelinglongdistances 8 avoidusingair conditioninginthesummer 9 trytomakesuretheheatisn tturneduptoohighinthewinter 10 uselow energylightbulbs 11 turnoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom 12 avoidusingmorewaterthanyouneed BeforeReading 3 2 Tips Theinterpretationofyourquizscoreis 12 23 24 35 36 47 48 60 BeforeReading 5 1 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading BackgroundInformation Directions Listentothefollowingpassage writedownthewordsyouthinkimportant thenretellthestoryaccordingtowhatyou veheard 1 Deer Thereareabout100differentkindsofdeer Someliveingrasslands Othersliveinforests Thefemaledeerbecomespregnantannuallyinlateautumn producingonetothreeyounginlatespringorearlysummer Thenormallifespanis15to20years BeforeReading 5 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Directions Listentothefollowingpassage writedownthewordsyou veheard 2 EnergyCrisis Energycrisisreferstoacriticalinthesupplyofenergy producingfuels suchasgas oil and Duringtheearly1970 s thedemandforpetroleumincreased andWesterncountriesdependedheavilyonimported ThesituationbecameworseduringtheArab IsraeliWarof1973 whentheArabnationstotheUnitedStatesandothercountriesthatIsrael causinganacuteenergyshortageinthesecountriesduringthewinterof1973to1974 shortage coal sharply supplies reduced supported oilproductionandembargoedoilshipments BeforeReading 5 3 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Directions Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththehelpofthewordsgivenbelow 3 EcologicalSystem Ecosystem Asystemismadeupofagroupoflivingorganismsandtheirphysicalenvironment andtherelationshipbetweenthem Apond a aforestoranoceanmaybean Anecosystemincludessuchasfoodsupply weatherand Anychangeinenvironmenthasfar reachingonlivingthings Theclearingofaforest forexample maybirdsandaffectdrainage 排水 Withoutbirdstokeepundercontrol theinsectsandmaydoseriousdamagetocrops Withouttreestoholdbackrainwater erosionmaysetinandruin lake effectsecosystemharmfulinsectsnaturalenemiesfactorsdriveawayfarmlandlakemultiply ecosystem naturalenemies factors effects driveaway harmfulinsects multiply farmland Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn tlove it smoney Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow toreproduceandtosurvive Onthiscyclealllifedepends Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty thesummerandfall storingtheexcess usuallyintheformoffat andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce But itisprobablylesswellknown Article1 S DeerandtheEnergyCycleAaronN Moen occursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable Thisisgoodtiming becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess itrequiresalotoffood Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources Article2 S Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite taileddeer Likemostwildlife deerreproduce grow andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns Thebestmilkproduction thatevenwiththeirstoredfat wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow theybecomelessdependentontheirmother smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter Inthecaseofdoesandfawns agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow Article3 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Asfallturnsintowinter otherchangestakeplace Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold Butinaddition natureprovidesafurthersafeguardtohelpdeersurvivethewinter aninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism orrateofbodilyfunctioning andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy Thedeerbecomesomewhatslowanddrowsy Theheartratedrops Animalsthathibernatepracticeenergyconservationtoagreaterextremethandeerdo Althoughdeerdon thibernate theydothesamethingwiththeirseasonalrhythmsinmetabolism Deerspendmoreenergyandstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenfoodisabundant andspendlessenergyandusestoredfatinthewinterwhenfoodislessavailable Article4 S Whenthe energycrisis firstcamein1973 1974 IwaslivingwithmyfamilyinacabinontheedgeofanareawheredeerspendthewinterinnorthernMinnesota observingthedeerastheirbehaviorchangedfrommoreactivityinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogressed followedbyanincreaseagain Article5 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading inthespringasthesnowmelted Itwasinterestingandratheramusingtolistentotheadvicegivenontheradio Driveonlywhennecessary weweretold Putonmoreclothestostaywarm andturnthethermostatonyourfurnacedown Meanwhilewewatchedthedeerreducetheiractivity growawintercoatofhair andreducetheirmetabolismastheyhaveforthousandsofyears Itisbiologicallyreasonablefordeertoreducetheircostoflivingtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvivinginwinter Noteverywinteriscriticalfordeerofcourse Ifthewinterhaslightsnow survivalandproductivitynextspringwillbehigh Butifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscoldforseveralweeks thenthedeermustspendmoreenergytomoveabout foodwillbehardertofind andtheymustthendependmoreontheirfatreservestopullthemthrough Ifsuchconditionsgoonfortoolongsomewilldie andonlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvive Thatisafundamentalruleoflifeforwild freewanderinganimalssuchasdeer Article6 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Yes life anddeath too isacyclethatgoesroundandround andwhenanimalsdietheirbodiesbecomefoodforotherlifeformstousebyconvertingthemintoenergy Andthecyclecontinues Article1 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn tlove it smoney Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow toreproduceandtosurvive Onthiscyclealllifedepends DeerandtheEnergyCycleAaronN Moen Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty thesummerandfall storingtheexcess usuallyintheformoffat andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce But itisprobablylesswellknown Article2 W Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite taileddeer Likemostwildlife deerreproduce grow andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns Thebestmilkproduction occursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable Thisisgoodtiming becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess itrequiresalotoffood Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources thatevenwiththeirstoredfat wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer Article3 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow theybecomelessdependentontheirmother smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter Inthecaseofdoesandfawns agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow Asfallturnsintowinter otherchangestakeplace Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold Article4 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Butinaddition natureprovidesafurthersafeguardtohelpdeersurvivethewinter aninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism orrateofbodilyfunctioning andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy Thedeerbecomesomewhatslowanddrowsy Theheartratedrops Animalsthathibernatepracticeenergyconservationtoagreaterextremethandeerdo Althoughdeerdon thibernate theydothesamethingwiththeirseasonalrhythmsinmetabolism Deerspendmoreenergyandstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenfoodisabundant andspendlessenergyandusestoredfatinthewinterwhenfoodislessavailable Whenthe energycrisis firstcamein1973 1974 IwaslivingwithmyfamilyinacabinontheedgeofanareawheredeerspendthewinterinnorthernMinnesota observingthedeerastheirbehaviorchangedfrommoreactivityinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogressed followedbyanincreaseagain Article5 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading inthespringasthesnowmelted Itwasinterestingandratheramusingtolistentotheadvicegivenontheradio Driveonlywhennecessary weweretold Putonmoreclothestostaywarm andturnthethermostatonyourfurnacedown Meanwhilewewatchedthedeerreducetheiractivity growawintercoatofhair andreducetheirmetabolismastheyhaveforthousandsofyears Itisbiologicallyreasonablefordeertoreducetheircostoflivingtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvivinginwinter Noteverywinteriscriticalfordeerofcourse Ifthewinterhaslightsnow survivalandproductivitynextspringwillbehigh Butifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscoldforseveralweeks thenthedeermustspendmoreenergytomoveabout foodwillbehardertofind andtheymustthendependmoreontheirfatreservestopullthemthrough Ifsuchconditionsgoonfortoolongsomewilldie andonlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvive Thatisafundamentalruleoflifeforwild freewanderinganimalssuchasdeer Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn tlove it smoney Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow toreproduceandtosurvive Onthiscyclealllifedepends DeerandtheEnergyCycleAaronN Moen Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty thesummerandfall storingtheexcess usuallyintheformoffat andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce But itisprobablylesswellknown Article1 S pop Othersof BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 1 Whatdoesthesentencemean Otherpeoplewhoaremorepracticalsaythatitismoneynotlovethatmakestheworldgoaround 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 另一些并不那么罗曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说 不是爱情 而是金钱 Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn tlove it smoney Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow toreproduceandtosurvive Onthiscyclealllifedepends DeerandtheEnergyCycleAaronN Moen Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty thesummerandfall storingtheexcess usuallyintheformoffat andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce But itisprobablylesswellknown Article1 S pop Energy BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 能量是生态系统的货币 只有当食物转变为能量 能量