人教版高中英语必修三unit4全课件.ppt

Unit4 Words 1 intime soonerorlater eventually迟早 最后 终于 intime forsth todosth notlate及时 不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner 她来得及回来准备晚饭 I llseehimintime 总有一天我会遇见他 in outoftime in notinthecorrecttime合 不合节拍 Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic 观众合着音乐的节拍拍手 beharmfulto对 有害 doharmtosb dosb harm伤害某人 对某人有害处 1 Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals 2 Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm Itdoesnoharm forsb todo Itdoesnoharnforyoutoopenthewindow Thereisnoharmin sb s doingsth Thereisnoharmin your openingthewindow 2 3 multiply 数目上 增加 增多 乘 使 繁殖 1 Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear 2 2and5multiplytomake10 4 Theplantsheremultiplyrapidly 3 6multipliedby5is30 Multiply6by5tomake30 4 preventsbfrom doing sth stopsbfromdoingsth 阻止 做 在主动语态中from可以省略 被动语态中不行 Howtoprevent stopthis from happening Itsnationalsmaybeprevented stoppedfromleavingthecountry keepsbfromdoingsth中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略 阻止 做 如果省略from 意思为 让某人一直做某事 Hekeptmefromgettinghurt Hekeptmedoinghomework 5 puzzlen 谜 难题v 使 迷惑 使 为难It spuzzlesme feel bepuzzledaboutsth 对某事感到迷惑puzzleover aboutsth 对某事苦苦思索 这个字母使我迷惑不解 Thisletterpuzzlesme 她对她的未来感到迷惑 Shefeltpuzzledaboutherfuture 他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题 Hepuzzledover aboutamathproblemlastnight puzzlingadj 使迷惑的puzzledadj 迷惑的 困惑的 6 breakoutvt 也可以表示突然大声叫喊等 Thewarbrokeoutin1937 Afirebreakoutlastnight Shebrokeout Thatistoounfair takeplace表示 发生 举行 举办 一般指非偶然性事件的 发生 即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排 例如 TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing happen作 发生 碰巧 解 常指具体事件的发生 特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的 发生 一般用于偶然或突发性事件 例如 Astormhappenedacrosstheriverinanothercountry occur作 发生 想到 突然想起 解 其意义相当于happen 例如 Whathasoccurred Whathashappened comeabout表示 发生 产生 多指事情已经发生了 但还不知道为什么 常用于疑问句和否定句 例如 WhenMotherwokeup shedidn tknowwhathadcomeabout Reading What sthemeaningoftheword Astronomy I Warmingup 行星 thescienceofstars 2 Doyouknowthefollowingterms star planet thesun moon earth solarsystem 太阳系 3 Howmanyplanetsareinthesolarsystem 8 恒星 Pluto ScientistsnowthinkPlutoistoosmalltobecalledaplanet 4 Doyouknowthecorrectorderoftheirdistancetothesun nearesttothesun farthesttothesun 5 Thenamesofeightplanets Mercury m kj ri VenusEarthMarsJupiter d u p t Saturn s t n Uranus j r n s Neptune nep tu n tju n 1 水星2 金星3 地球4 火星5 木星6 土星7 天王星8 海王星 Inthisunit we lllearnsomethingmorescientific 1 What sthetitleofthetext 2 Fromthetitle wecanpredictthatthetextmaytellustheoriginoflifeontheearth Doyouknowsomestoriesaboutit Howlifebeganontheearth Panguseparatestheskyfromtheearth Nvwamadehumans 1 Whendidthe BigBang happen Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions 2 Whatformwastheearthafterthe BigBang 3 Whatmadeuptheearth satmosphere 4 Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth 5 What sthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth 6 Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish 7 Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth 8 Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast 1 Whendidthe BigBang happen Ithappenedseveralbillionyearsago Scanning Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions 2 Whatformwastheearthafterthe BigBang Theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust 3 Whatmadeuptheearth satmosphereaftertheearthexploded Carbon nitrogen watervapourandothergases 4 Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth Astheearthcooleddownafteritexploded watercameintobeing 5 What sthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas 6 Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish oxygen 7 Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth Thedisappearanceofdinosaursmadethepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth 8 Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast Theygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem Closereading I Readthepassagecarefullyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph Para 1Theformation 形成 oftheearth Para 2Theimportanceofwaterforlife Para 3Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse Para 4Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth Para 5Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth Detailedreading Stage1 ThedevelopmentoftheearthStage2 Thedevelopmentoflife para1 3 para4 5 Stage1 Thedevelopmentoftheearth 1 AftertheBigBang whatwastheearthlike acloudofdust asolidglobe explodedwithfireandrock producedwatervapourandgases 2 Whathappenednext 3 Whatdidthewatervapourandgasesform theearth satmosphere Waterappeared 4 Whatappearedastheearthcooleddown waterisimportantforthebeginningoflifeontheearth Whyiswatersoimportantforthebeginningoflife Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintooceansandseas Stage2Thedevelopmentoflife smallplantsappearsinwater 1 Whatlifedevelopedafterwaterappeared Shellfishandallsortsoffish 2 Whatlifedevelopedinwaternext greenplantsbegantogrowonland insectsappeared 3 Whataboutthelifeonland amphibiansonlandandinthewater forests 4 Whatlifedevelopednextonland reptilesappeared dinosaurdeveloped 5 Whatlifedevelopedafterforestsappeared mammalsonland 6 Whatlifedevelopedafterdinosaurs smallcleveranimals 7 Whatlifedevelopedaftermammals 1 Whoarethesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeet 2 Aretheytakingcareoftheearthwell Why Becausetheyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace Theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon Canyoufillintheblanks 2 3 45 6 78910 1smallplantsinwater shellfishandallsortsoffish insects reptiles amphibians mammals dinosaurs humans plants animals Greenplantsonland forests 1 Insectsandamphibiansappeared 3 Theearthbecameasolidball 5 Reptilesappeared 7 Theearthwasacloudofdust9 Shellfishandotherfishappeared 11 Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared 2 Dinosaursappeared 4 Smallplantsgrewonthewater 6 Plantsbegantogrowondryland 8 Waterappearedontheearth10 Theuniversebeganwitha BigBand 12 Mammalsappeared 8 3 10 9 11 5 1 7 4 12 6 2 Canyouputtheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline Ex 2onP27 III Fillintheblanksinthefollowingform Atoms violent atmosphere presence acids oxygen shellfish amphibians Reptiles existed gavebirthto clever dioxide IV True T orFalse F 1 TheearthappearedbeforetheBigBanghappened 2 Theoriginalatmosphereconsistedofnitrogenandoxygen 3 Themaindifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanetsisthatthereiswaterontheearth 4 Lifebeganinwaterandthenonland F F T T 5 Mammalsappearedbeforethedevelopmentofdinosaurs 6 Dinosaurscouldgivebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem 7 Humanbeingsproducetoomuchcarbondioxidewhichcausestheglobalwarmingontheearth 8 Accordingtothetext humanbeingswoulddisappearintheend F F T F 宾语从句ObjectClause 表语从句Predicative 主语从句SubjectClasuse 同位语从句AppositiveClause 名词性从句NounClause 从句一律保持陈述语序 主语从句 同位语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 NounClauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 SubjectClause 宾语从句 ObjectClause 表语从句 PredicativeClause 和同位语从句 AppositiveClause Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句 常用引导词 连接词 that 无词义 whetherThathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference 连接代词 who ever whomwhat ever which ever whoseWhowillgototheenergyconferenceisnotimportant 连接副词 whenwherehowwhyWhenandwherethetestwillbegivenisnotdecided 1 引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的 Thattheearthisroundistrue2 That 从句作主语通常用it作先行词 而将that 从句置于句末 例如 Itistruethattheearthisround 结构 Attention a It be 形容词 that 从句Itisnecessarythat 有必要 Itisimportantthat 重要的是 Itisobviousthat 很明显 b It be p p that 从句Itisbelievedthat 人们相信 Itisknowntoallthat 从所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat 已决定 c It be 名词 that 从句Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识Itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 Itisafactthat 事实是 d It 不及物动词 that 分句Itappearsthat 似乎 Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 2 表示 是否 意义时 一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句 Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion3 有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句 e g Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart 4 无论主语从句有多长 一般做单数处理 e g Whenwewillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 注意 以what开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是复数名词 系动词用复数形式 Whathewantstobuyarethreebooksandtwopens 1 Itisobvioustothestudents theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture A asB whichC whetherD that 2 wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway A AnyoneB TheoneC WhoeverD Who 练一练 3 Itisnotimmediatelyclear thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover A sinceB whatC whenD whether 练一练 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights A AnyoneB ThepersonC WhoeverD Who thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather A WheneverB IfC WhetherD That isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage A ThereB ThisC ThatD It 宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句连接词 that 无词义 whetherife g Idon tknowwhether if youarewillingtohelpme 连接代词 what ever who ever whosewhich ever 等连接副词 whenwherehowwhy等 特别提示1 由连接词that引导宾语从句时 that在句中不担任任何成分 I mgladthatyouhavepassedtheexam 2 有些词或词组如hate love enjoy dislike feellike appreciate take 认为 relyon don tmind等 习惯上后面跟it做形式宾语 再接宾语从句 Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus 3 在接复合宾语的句子中 为了保持句子平衡 用it作形式宾语 而将从句放在句尾 常带复合宾语的动词有 make find see hear feel think等 IthinkitnecessarythatItakeplentyofwatereveryday 4 某些动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气 如insist order request suggest等 Isuggestedthatwe should startbefore5o clock 5 必须用whether引导 不可用if 1 从句后有ornot时 不可用if Idon tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot 2 介词宾语通常用whether引导 Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot 3 后接动词不定式时 Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay 4 discuss后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagineyouareinthissituation anddiscusswhetheryoushoulddosomethingatonce 5 主语从句放在句首Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference 6 表语从句和同位语从句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetthereontime 7 当it做形式主语whether if都可引导主语从句Ithasntbeendecidedwhether ifweshallattendthemeeting 6 用who whom which ever whose when what ever where why how whoever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句 应注意句子语序要用陈述语序 Doyouknowhowoldheis Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport 凡需要帮助的人 她都会给予热情的支持 7 think believe imagine suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中 要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式 即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中 例如 Wedon tthinkyouarehere 我们认为你不在这 Idon tbelievehewilldoso 我相信他不会这样做 如果主句主语为第一人称反意疑问句常与从句的主语和谓语保持一致 其他情况看主句 例如 Idon tbelieveshehasbeentoAustralia hasshe 我认为她没去澳大利亚 是吗 Idon tbelievethathecantranslatethisbook Shethinksthatherhusbandisthebestoneintheteam canhe doesn tshe Idoubtif whetherhewillpasstheexam Idon tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown doubt问题 肯定句中用if whether 否定句中用that 疑定句中用that Idoubt heistellingthetruth Weneverdoubt theplanwillbecarriedout Doeshedoubt youarefromAustria I mdoubtful hewillagreetothis if whether that that if whether 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个that不能省 2 当that作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo 宾语从句 Heasked foraviolin MET1992 A didIpayhowmuchB IpaidhowmuchC howmuchdidIpayD howmuchIpaid2 Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants NMET1997 A howeverB whateverC whicheverD whenever3 Sheisverydeartous Wehavebeenpreparedtodo ittakestosaveherlife A whicheverB howeverC whateverD whoever 4 Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin but A whichweget whatgiveweB whatweget whatwegiveC whichdoweget whatdowegiveD howweget thatwegive5 HaveyouseenMarylately Mybosswantstoknow A howsheisgettingalongB howisshegettingalongC whatsheisgettingalongD whatisshegettingalong 6 Idon tdoubt he llcome A thatB ifC whatD whether7 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that 表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句 连接词 that whether asif asthough because连接代词 who whom what which whose连接副词 when where how whyTheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney Thequestionishowwecangetthere Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain 特别提醒1 主句的主语是advice suggestion order request等名词时 表语从句的谓语要虚拟 Hissuggestionisthatwe should gonow 2 主句的主语是reason时 表语从句常用that 若表原因用because 表结果用why Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill Heforgotit Thatwaswhyhedidn tcallme Hedidn tcallme Thatwasbecauseheforgotit Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon 上海01年春季招生 A whenB howC whetherD whyIdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthat youhadafewdaysoff NMET1999 A whyB whatC whenD where3 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons A What whyB That whyC What becauseD Why that 4 Goandgetyourcoat It s youleftit A whereB thereC herewhereD wherethere5 Thecityisnolonger A whatitisB thatitusedtobeC whichitwasD whatitusedtobe6 Theproblemis hehasenoughtime A ifB whetherC D that what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别 what引