英语精读下1,2,3,6,8,9翻译作业.doc

Unit1. TranslationIt is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work, thus the study of radioactivity began as a piece of pure research, but its results are now applied in a great number of different waysin cancer treatment in medicine, the development of fertilizers in agriculture, the study of metal fatigue in engineering, in methods of estimating the ages of objects in anthropology and geology, etc.A. 另一方面，应用科学直接涉及将纯科学的有效定律（即理论科学译注）应用于生活实践，应用于人对自身环境的控制，从而导致新技术、新工艺、以及新机器设备的发展。像这样一些活动，如研究材料的强度和用途，将纯数学的研究结果扩大用于改进农业或社会科学采用的抽样过程，以及发掘原子能的种种潜力，这些都是应用科学家，即技术专家的工作的事例。显然，许多应用科学实际上都是由纯理论和实验工作发展而来的。例如，对放射性的研究开始时是作为一项纯理论来研究的。但是其成果现在则应用于很多不同方面：在医学中治疗癌，在农业中研制化肥，在工程学中研究金属疲劳，在人类学和地质学中估算研究对象的年龄等等。B. 1. 超级市场连同消费者都遭到了通货膨胀的沉重打击。2. 这座金属塔的用途是把电视信号传送到边远的山村。3. 他14 岁时第一次以钢琴家身份登台表演。4. 不管凭什么借口，外人都不得入内。5. 谎言再多也无法掩盖事实。6. 教学改革以来，我们学校的学科发展得到了进一步加强，整体学科布局得到了进一步优化。学科的整合促进了多学科间的相互影响。我们还建立了一些跨学科组织。在此基础上，我们学校建立和改建了许多科研和技术转让的平台，为多学科和跨学科的发展和研究提供了更有利的条件。B. 1. Supermarkets along with customers have been hard hit by inflation.2. This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant mountainous villages.3. He made his debut as a pianist at the age of 14.4. Upon no pretext whatever may any outsider gain admission.5. No amount of lies can conceal (cover up) the facts.6. Since the educational reform, the discipline development in our university has been further strengthened and overall discipline arrangement optimized. The integration of disciplines has promoted the multi-discipline interaction. Several new cross-disciplinary groups have been set up. On this basis, our university has established and improved a number of scientific platforms for research and technology transfer, thus providing more favorable conditions for multi-disciplinary or cross-disciplinary development and research.Unit2. Translation (English to Chinese)No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of eternity in youth, which makes us amend for everything. To be young is to be one of the Immortal Gods. One half of time indeed is flown the other half remains in store for us with all its countless treasures; for there is no line drawn, and we see no limit to our hopes and wishes. We make the coming age our own. “The vast, the unbounded prospect lies before us.” We look round in a new world, full of life, and motion, and ceaseless progress; and feel in ourselves all the vigor and spirit to keep pace with it, and do not foresee from any present symptoms how we shall be left behind in the natural course of things, decline into old age, and drop into the grave. 没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适应一切事物。年轻人酷似神仙。虽半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷；这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。 “一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。” 我们环顾周围这个新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们自身感到朝气蓬勃，精神焕发，紧跟时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自己行将落伍，沦入老年，而最终掉进墓穴中去。. Translation (Chinese to English)1.阅读（提供）给心灵的只是知识材料，思维才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的（东西）。 2.建筑房屋应该使空气自由流通，且有充足的阳光照射。 3.不管干哪 一行，每个开始出来谋生的青年人只有一条安全的路好走。 4.写文章时，一定要把自己的观点仔细讲清楚。5.虽然这样一个极端的议案通过的可能性不大，但这一事实意味着我们很快会在全国范围内面临这个问题。 6.有人主张濒临死亡的、极端痛苦的病人应该可以要求他（或她）的医生开一个致命的大剂量药物处方。这种主张有什么错误呢？首先，如果止痛药大量地、恰当地使用，那么所有的病人就都能止痛了。不可否认，在有些情况下剂量不得不加得很大，以至于引起呼吸困难导致猝死。但是，用药的目的是止痛而不是致死。如果病人由于大量用药而死亡，这当然是一个很严重的问题。1.Reading offers the mind only the materials of knowledge; but thinking makes everything we read our own.2. Houses should be built to allow for enough fresh air and sunlight.3.There is only one safe way for any young person entering the job market, no matter what he does.4.One should set out ones points of argument clearly when one is writing.When you write, you must state explicitly your points of argument.When you write an article, be sure to set out the points of your argument carefully.5.Though the chance of having so radical a proposition passed is small, the fact means that we will soon be confronted with this problem nationwide.6.Some people think that a dying patient in agony should be allowed to ask for a lethal overdose from his doctor. Whats wrong with this idea? First of all, if pain medication is administered in large and right amount, all the patients will be relieved of their pain. It is a fact that in some cases overdose may cause breathing problems and thus result in the patients abrupt death. But medication is for pain killing, not for body killing. It poses a big problem if a patient is killed because of overdose.Unit3. Translation (English to Chinese)If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. School often has too restricting atmosphere, with its timetable and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. Most students would, I believe, profit by a year or sos exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all-rounders” with no particular interest.学校的气氛，由于受课程表和纪律的约束，往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分的时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。我认为大多数的学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的 “全面发展的学生 ”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中受益。. Translation (Chinese to English)1. 聪明的动物依情况或环境的需要而改变自己的行为，但人类能有意识地改变自己的行为。 Clever animals change their action to adopt with the environment. But human beings can change our action by a sense.2. 在回避接受不愉快的任务方面他已是老手了。He is sophisticated coming to skirt unhappy tasks.3. 世界人口分布不均匀正是世界自然资源分布不均匀的一个反映。 It is the unbalance that the population locates that leads to the unbalance of development.4. 这篇文章完稿40年后成为了美国评论的里程碑。This article became a landmark of criticism after finished 40 years ago. 5. 农民不使用新技术不仅仅是因为愚昧，现在的风俗习惯的压力也是原因之一。 Farmers who do not use new technology is not because of their awareness. One of the reasons is the pressure of present customs.6.从本质上来说，一个人从出生的第一天起，他（她）的健康就直接受到家庭的影响。母亲的哺育、家庭居住条件、家庭环境、父母相处是否和谐、生活水平如何、家庭教育以及生活模式等等，都会从生理、心理两个方面，对生长发育和健康素质起着相当大的作用。A persons health is affected by family after he was birthed. Mothers breed, the living conditions, the cooperation of parents, the living principle, the education and so on are playing a main role on a person.Unit6. Translation (English to Chinese) Culture shock is the effect that immersion in a strange culture has on the unprepared visitor. Peace Corps volunteers suffer from it in Borneo or Brazil. Marco Polo probably suffered from it in Cathay. Culture shock is what happens when a traveler suddenly finds himself in a place where yes may mean no, where a fixed price is negotiable, where laughter may signify anger. It is what happens when the familiar psychological cues that help an individual to function in society are suddenly withdrawn and replaced by new ones that are strange or incomprehensible.文化冲击是无准备的客居者浸润在陌生文化中所受的影响。和 平队志愿者在婆罗洲或巴西时有此经历。马可 波罗在中国时可能也有此经历。文化冲击是客居者突然发现自己处于一个说 “是 ” 可能意味 “不 ” 的地方，一个 “固定价格 ”可以商量的地方或一个大笑可以表示愤怒的地方时所发生的情况。每当那些习以为常，有助于个人在社会中正常活动的心理刺激准则突然被取消，而被一些陌生的或不可理解的新的刺激准则所取代时，就出现了文化冲击。. Translation (Chinese to English)1.他做此事既为自己也为儿子。(as much as) 2.他连一种外语都不懂，同这么多外国人在一起感到很不自在。(like a fish out of water) 3. 医生说他的病情同昨天差不多。(much the same)4.我设法和他办公室联系时，他正巧在家休假。(on leave)5.我们以为她只是来看我们。看来她要永远住下去。 6.学外语要为突破生字难关，至少要记5 000字，此外多多益善。生字除了死记没有什么别的办法。你们十几二十岁的青年记性好，过了30岁记生字就困难了。记生字就要下苦功夫，没有什么捷径可走。一个生字要读许多遍，要多和它见面，还要运用它，才能记住。1.He did it not only for himself but also for his son.2.He doesnt know any foreign languages, and he felt like a fish out of water when he stayed with a lot of foreign people.3.The doctor diagnosed that his condition of illness is much the same as that yesterday.4.He was just on leave at home when I managed to contact him at the office.5.We thought she just called on us in the beginning, but judged from the situation, she must be prepared to live here forever.6.You need to remember 5000 words to break down the barrier of vocabulary to study English. Of course, the more you remember, the better it will be. The only method is to remember these words by heart. It is easier to youth at their teens or twenties than to those over thirty. There is no shortcut but making great efforts. Remembering a word, beside reading and seeing it more and more times, you also need to use it often.Unit8. Translation (English to Chinese)The situation has indeed been reached in many fields where, owing to this chaos in publication and communication, it is easier to find out a new fact or build up a new theory than to find out whether these have been observed or deduced before. This does not, of course, prevent the exercise of scientific ingenuity.What it does is to reduce that exercise to social futility, and although the individual pleasure in scientific research is an intrinsic one, and is quite independent of whether what is discovered is new or even whether it is true, nevertheless a complete scientific life is impossible without a justified consciousness of the value of the work, if not the community, at least to the world of science.在许多领域里，由于出版与交流秩序的混乱，已经出现了这样的局面：发现个新的事实或建立一个新的理论，竟然比查明这个新的事实或新的理论以前是否有人观察到或推断过要来得容易。当然，这种情况虽然没有妨碍科学智慧的运用，但却不能使它产生社会效益。科学家在科学研究中的个人乐趣是固有的，并不因为他们的发现是否是新的，或是否是真实的而受到影响。然而，如果一个科学家意识不到他的工作的价值(即使不是对全社会，至少是对自然科学界)，那他的科学生涯就不可能是完美的。. Translation (Chinese to English)1.闲暇时读本好书是一种既使你感到轻松又使你精神上感到满足的消遣 (活动 )。(both . and .) 2.此外 ,他们还争辩说他们的论点都是正确的 ,因为他们占有的资料比我们多。(more . than) 3.我本人就从不理解为什么他们那样做是 “对 ”的 ,而我们这样做是 “错 ”的。(for one) 4.所有这些收集到的孤立的数据被输入电脑 ,并在那里被合并为互相联系的整体。(put into; fuse . into .)5.任何生活都是写作的原始材料。一个作家或就此写出绝妙之作，或就此写出平庸之篇。(either or) 6.知识可以通过交谈、看电视或旅游来获得，但最深入、最经常的途径是读书。如果你从小就学会爱书，那么你会永远保持读书的习惯，但如果你没有这种好运气养成爱读书的习惯，你就会认为读书是件讨厌的事。理想的教育制度应该陪学生酷爱学习，而不是只为获取事实；应该鼓励探索的精神。1.It is a good pastime to read a good book, which will make you feel both relaxed and spiritually contented.2.Besides, they argued that their points are all in the right, for the data they possessed are more than we had.3. I, for one have never been able to understand why it should be correct for them to do it in this way and incorrect for us to do it in that way.4.All the isolated data collected by them were put into the computer, where they were fused into an interrelated whole.5.Any kind of life is the raw material of writing. A writer can write either an ingenious work or a commonplace one out of it.6.Knowledge may be acquired through conversation, watching television or traveling, but the deepest and most consistent way is through reading. If you have learnt to love books as a child, the reading habit will never desert you. But if this has not been your good fortune, you tend to think of reading as a bore. Ideally then, a school system should be in which the love of learning, rather than the acquisition of facts, is cultivated; one in which the spirit of enquiry is encourage.Unit9. Translation (English to Chinese)It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization through which it educates its children. Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands. In a very simple social order, it may suffice to have the parents carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable, and special individuals are entrusted with the task. These may be hired privately first, but soon the social group, the church, village and the likewill be responsible for education Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed. Thus the influence of the local government unit, such as the town, and later the state or the province, become necessary.正如社会组织由简单变为复杂一样，社会用来教育儿童的组织也经历如此变化，这一点是千真万确的。如果教育要满足新的需求，发展和变革是至关重要的。在非常简单的社会秩序中，让家长对孩子进