其它网格技术之信息网格ppt

其它网格技术之信息网格,小组成员： 房俊 王建武 刘浩2003.1.17,提纲,信息网格概述定义（什么是信息网格）研究热点在网格中所处的位置拓扑结构应用举例国内国外,Data, Information and Knowledge,Data is the raw data acquired from sensors (e.g. telescopes, microscopes, particle detectors).(一个数字：1)Information is created when we “clean up” data to eliminate artifacts of the collection process + some metadata.(水的密度是：1克/立方厘米)Knowledge is information embedded within an interpretive framework. Knowledge can produce new additional information.(知道信息：水的密度是1克/立方厘米，煤油的密度为0.8克/立方厘米。则可以产生新的信息：水的密度比煤油的密度大。),什么是信息网格,Information Grid is another kind of grid that makes higher level of data abstraction than computation grid . Information grid integrates heterogeneous information on the web into a homogenous presentation. It is hoped to be a more general and outstanding way of information integration than traditional ways like search engine and meta-search engine .,什么是信息网格,信息网格是要利用现有的网络基础设施、协议规范、Web和数据库技术，为用户提供一体化的智能信息平台，其目标是创建一种架构在OS和Web之上的基于Internet的新一代信息平台和软件基础设施。在这个平台上，信息的处理是分布式、协作和智能化的，用户可以通过单一入口访问所有信息。信息网格追求的最终目标是能够做到服务点播（Service On Demand）和一步到位的服务 (One Click Is Enough)。 信息网格是软件集成和网格技术的结合信息孤岛信息大陆,信息网格在网格中的位置,信息网格在网格中的位置,目前研究热点,信息网格的体系结构信息表示和元信息信息连通和一致性安全,信息网格的体系结构,分层结构底层的信息存储、表示、对外发布、呈现给用户的各层应用程序逻辑具体分层、实现和集成以及各中间层的数据存储、接口界面、通信机制等方面,信息表示和元信息,信息的表示体现在两个方面:其一是将信息存储于数据库或其他存储介质中的表示;其二是将其呈现给用户时的界面表示。 元信息抽象化了数据对象的描述，使得各种信息可以通过元素属性与值之间的关系对来表达。我们将这种元信息叫做数据表示的中间层。一般来说，数据的表示可以建立多个中间层，在各个应用程序逻辑层中都有相应的数据中间层。XML,信息连通和一致性,信息的连通性是相对于信息“孤岛”而言的。信息“孤岛”是指将信息简单地堆积在一起，要寻找它们往往只能通过搜索程序或固定的渠道；而信息的连通性是把有一定关系（包括语义和逻辑）的数据从逻辑上连接在一起，在不考虑安全限制的前提下，从一个信息源可以到达连通的其他任何信息源。虽然这些信息可能存储在不同的位置，但对访问者来说，它们就像是存储在同一位置，访问者不必关心它们的实际存储位置。信息的一致性。,安全,访问控制信息本身的安全,对信息表示形式的不同理解形成了不同的研究方向和内容理解一：以具体的服务封装信息信息被封装在服务中，用户不会直接得到信息，而是通过调用具体的服务来得到相应的信息。这样信息网格的问题就转化为如何使用户透明的使用不同服务提供者提供的服务。例如：用户通过天气预报这个服务来得到未来天气的信息理解二：以对象的形式封装信息以一种统一的接口访问对象。首先将信息对象化抽象化，然后通过一种统一的接口调用方式来获取信息，操作信息。,信息网格的拓扑结构,物理组件 网格节点逻辑组件 IIS(the information integration service component) CPS(the content provide service component) DS(the data source component),信息网格的拓扑结构,信息网格的拓扑结构,Flat Topology,信息网格的拓扑结构,Hierarchical Topology,信息网格的拓扑结构,Hierarchical Topology,信息网格的拓扑结构,ComparisonScalabilityAvailabilityInformation retrieval performanceMaintainability,信息网格应用,国内应用铁路信息网格平台适应性网格门户EIG(企业信息网格)弘一信息网格搭建平台国外应用The CRISTAL (CMS ECAL CRISTAL) Project,铁路信息网格平台动态数据资源集合上的柔性化信息服务计算所软件室铁路信息网格项目组,铁路信息化总体架构及特征,系统种类多系统协作方式多样分布异构（编码问题突出）自主控制动态变更,突出的问题,动态系统变更：如何应对系统的增/删，以及系统升级等变更？个性化的用户需求：如何适应资源动态变更，并满足个性化的用户需求？,客运统计v1,货运统计v1,物资系统,某综合应用,两个典型网格技术问题,分布的、动态的资源社群的信息共享： Sharing of computing, storage, data and other resources within dynamic, distributed communities.动态需求驱动的社群资源共享与协同方式：Human and/or market dynamics that may influence resource sharing decisions and the choice of collaboration modalities within small and large communities.,具体工作,为系统提供者设计了一套描述系统以及系统变更的规范，用以向平台中注册系统。 为资源提供者设计了一套将资源绑定到特定的系统描述上，并接入平台catalog的机制。 为平台管理者设计了一套在资源集合之上建立关联关系，对资源进行组织的机制。 为power user提供了由资源、组织模式、操作、显示四元组构成的服务描述规范，用以透明地访问分布、异构资源。 提供了一种变更类型扩展框架，并提供了一套根据变更描述实现服务自适应调整的机制。,适应性网格门户：动态服务组合,计算所软件室信息网格研究小组,研究背景技术发展和比较基于语义的动态服务组合,研究背景企业应用集成的需要,B机构,A机构,市场,企业联盟,研究背景企业应用集成的需要,B机构,A机构,市场,机构间集成的特点：自主控制协商性动态性,带来的问题,问题之一:,用户,Services,用户的需要会经常改变, ,带来的问题,问题之一:,用户,问题:系统怎样能够根据用户需求迅速修改被集成对象的协作关系?,新的集成关系,用户经常需要重新设置集成模式 ,带来的问题,问题之二: .,用户,被集成对象可能会随时改变,Web服务,Web服务,Web服务,基于web服务的集成方案,被集成系统A,被集成系统B,被集成系统C,Web服务客户端,SOAP引擎,组合服务,SOAP,SOAP,用户,HTTP、,面向服务集成的特点开放标准程序间互操作松耦合集成,支持语义描述的动态服务集成,Web服务,Web服务,Web服务,被集成系统A,被集成系统B,被集成系统C,需求编辑器,SOAP,用户,服务描述,服务描述,服务描述,服务中介,领域知识库,交互界面,SOAP、RMI、,HTTP、,HTTP、,技术特色,支持用户需求动态变更通过可定制的业务逻辑描述用户需求通过服务中介解析并执行业务逻辑支持服务的动态变更和动态组合基于服务内容和形式描述的动态服务选取和绑定集成逻辑动态创建和执行支持语义层面的服务描述和用户需求描述基于统一的领域知识来描述服务和用户需求,技术难点,用户需求描述和转换用户需求模型的抽取和描述需求逻辑到服务集成逻辑的动态转换支持语义的服务描述模型服务的语义模型语义模型与物理模型的一致性保障系统容错性和可靠性保障服务异常的发现运行时监控异常服务的等价替换,动态服务集成系统模型,应用,浏览器,Internet,Web 服务,数据,UDDI服务器,服务提供者,用户,服务注册工具,服务中介,需求获取工具,适应性网格门户,知识库访问工具,个人感觉,适应性网格门户通过知识库已经引入了知识的概念，不单纯是信息网格，而更像一个整体网格（三层都存在）的简单实现。,Enterprise Information Grid,计算所智能中心李晓林,Enterprise Information Grid,The enterprise information grid focuses on integrating and sharing of enterprise resources. Enterprise resources include all kinds of databases, file servers, legacy applications or components, high-level applications, and computing services.,As the ideal objective, a single system image workplace is required.,End user wants to access all applications and resources on which they have been authorized by login only once. Administrator needs the global tools to manage all resources in a centralized, homogenous environment. Developer wants to transparently access all resources, user information base, and authorization information base with uniform APIs.,Vega EIG Architecture,The kernel of the architecture,The kernel of the architecture is object abstraction and the service-oriented interface. All kinds of resources are virtualized and represented as objects in the architecture. We define a mechanism and the uniform interfaces for Portal is a single entry point into enterprise applications and services.,统一的门户,portal: Portal is a single entry point into enterprise applications and services. It provides Single Sign-On (SSO) facility in collaboration with User Manager.,统一的用户管理,User Manager is a kernel component that provides the applications and administrators with the tools to integrate, manage and authenticate the privileges, role or keys of users, in a single and coherent manner.,对资源安全性管理,Permission Base is a central security information base for enterprise resources. PB has a suite of toolkits and web graphical interface for users to configure, analyze and monitor security visually.,对资源元对象的管理,Object Directory stores meta-data of all resource objects with enabling scalability and high availability. It provides a mechanism for accessing, publishing and managing the meta-data of resource objects in directory server.,对象访问代理,Object Access Proxy enables high-level applications to treat resources as services and to access the resources transparently with the uniform interface and identifiable protocols. It eliminates the need to develop specific access interface of resource object for each resource to plug into the resource object directory.,数据适配器和服务适配器,Data Adaptor is the specialized interface for the resources. Service Adaptor enables the proxy to access legacy applications and services by wrapping them as the standard services, for example Web Services. The adaptors are to integrate valuable legacy resources in enterprise.,Three kernel components in the architecture,Resource Directory Service (对资源的统一管理，可以方便的查询、显示、组织) Access Control （访问控制）User Management （用户管理）,Resource Directory Service,Resource Directory Service,The key issue of resource directory service is to provide a dynamical and uniform pool of resources sharing and accessing. This means that user can control resources in the pool in time and that the pool can accommodate all kinds of heterogeneous resources. In our design, resource directory service provides functions for managing and publishing enterprise resources, and defines the uniform interface for accessing resources.,Access Control,Access Control,The access control mechanism provides a way to configure access control on resources in multiple granularities, including application, resource object, data subset of resource object, and attributes of resource object.,User Management,User Management,Target：how to support the Single Sign-On (SSO) facility.,The tools of User Management,Administration facilities: user registration, user privileges or role, user profile. Authentication(认证): Check user certification and private key. Audit（审计）: monitor user activity and record log, anticipate and identify attempts at unauthorized access. Integrating interface: integrate and access user repository that serves for legacy application.,Case Study: Enterprise Information Grid on NCIC,Case Study,There are about nine systems serving for researchers and customers in NCIC, including email, Internet proxy and so on.As a case study to provide a single system image IT infrastructure, a global middleware infrastructure is designed to integrate and manage all resources and applications, users, and security information in NCIC.,Case Study,In the present time, we are focusing on integrating and sharing users repository, information base resources of the MIS, and document information of the file server in LDAP. Users can browse information in a tree structure known as a Channel Tree, which is very suitable for organizing web-based application in Portal. Channel linking other resource or application can be easily created, deployed, and authorized by administrator or end user by using the web-based instruments.,Case Study,In the future, high-performance computing services and legacy components will be integrated seamlessly to insure single system image of NCIC EIG.,弘一信息网格构建平台 采用信息网格技术，提供了一个统一、简便、可扩展的信息网格架构体系。通过该平台，用户能够快速、方便地构建自己的信息网格系统。通过该平台构建的信息网格系统将完全打破信息孤岛的限制，实现跨越站点的信息资源共享和动态管理，建立一体化的信息服务体系。 摘自该公司网站/,The CRISTAL (CMS ECAL CRISTAL) Project,The CRISTAL Project,要解决的问题： CERN need query very large collaborating HEP data-sets, initially being employed for the construction of CMS detectors. This application made up of a number of autonomous components that collaborate to meet some overall application goal.,The CRISTAL Project,CRISTAL简介 CRISTAL is a scientific workflow system that is being used to control the production and assembly process of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) detector at CERN Geneva .,The CRISTAL Project,系统功能 The system has been used to coordinate and manage execution of the tasks and activities and the collections and compositions that occur in detector research and development.,The CRISTAL Project,To enable flexibility and adaptability the CRISTAL system must be capable of:describing and storing the tasks and activities of the domain to be automated.executing and coordinating the tasks and storing the outcomes.,The CRISTAL Project,采用的技术CRISTAL has taken an object-oriented approach describing all parts, manufacturing and production tasks and detector data using meta-modeli