建筑师是怎样炼成的——教育与职业生涯规划介绍.doc

建筑师是怎样炼成的教育与职业生涯规划介绍建筑师，是设计那些集功能、安全和美观于一身的建筑物及其他建筑结构的专业人士。他们的技能糅合了艺术才能、构造知识和工程学方面的造诣。建筑师不仅设计新建筑，也能使老建筑焕然一新。而且，他们正越来越多地采用可持续材料和方法来设计“绿色”环保建筑。建筑师的教育与职业生涯规划第一步：接受足够的专业教育渴望从事建筑行业的人必须先从高中毕业，然后才能考入经美国国家建筑学认证协会（National Architecture Accrediting Board）（）认可的建筑专业院校。大部分建筑师都是这样完成五年制建筑学士学位课程的。从职前培训建筑专业毕业或拥有其他专业学士学位的人也可以考取建筑学研究生并获得硕士学位。学生只要获得足够的专业经验，就能在一至五年内的任何时段取得建筑学硕士学位。第二步：实习期美国所有州和地区的准建筑师都必须完成至少三年的实习期。每个州都遵照美国建筑师学会和美国国家建筑注册委员会（NCARB）建立的实习发展计划（IDP）规定的标准执行。根据IDP的指导方针，实习期必须在标准建筑领域注册建筑师（）的指导下满5600个小时。第三步：参加注册建筑师考试建筑注册考试（ARE）共分九大科目，考核报考人员是否具有独立执业所必需的知识和经验。各科分数都达标才能成为建筑师。报考人员应该联系所在州的建筑注册委员会确认是否具备参加ARE考试的资格。第四步：申请执业许可证美国所有州和地区都要求建筑师在获得当地建筑注册委员会颁发的许可证之后才能从事建筑工作。许可证颁发条件一般如下：拥有专业建筑学位、在注册建筑师指导下完成实习期和通过ARE九科考试。每个州规定的通过九科考试的时间各不相同。大多数州还要求建筑师参加继续教育课程，以保持专业资格。第五步：获得认证许多建筑师都选择了NCARB提供的自愿认证方式。这种认证方式能让建筑师更容易取得美国54个州和地区委员会成员单位的互惠许可证。NCARB许可证也能用来申请其他国家的认证。对申请人的教育成绩单、专业鉴定材料和工作简历评估通过之后，就能授予证书。美国劳工统计局报告显示，2009年约有三分之一的注册建筑师持有NCARB颁发的证书（）。0How to Become an Architect: Education and Career RoadmapArchitects design buildings and other structures that are functional, safe and aesthetically pleasing. Their skills are a blend of artistic ability, construction knowledge and engineering prowess. Architects design and draw plans for new structures in addition to redesigning and reconstructing existing structures. Increasingly, architects are designing green energy-efficient buildings, using sustainable materials and methods.Education and Career Roadmap for ArchitectsStep 1: Meet Educational RequirementsAspiring architects must first graduate from high school before enrolling in a professional architecture degree program that is accredited by the National Architecture Accrediting Board (). Most individuals with no prior training complete a 5-year Bachelor of Architecture program. Alternately, graduates from pre-professional architecture program or a bachelors degree program in another field, may earn a Master of Architecture. Depending on the amount of professional experience a student has acquired, a Master of Architecture program can take anywhere from one to five years to complete. Step 2: Get an InternshipProspective architects in all U.S. states and jurisdictions are required to complete an internship experience, which usually takes a minimum of three years. Every state follows standards set by the Intern Development Program (IDP) established by the American Institute of Architects and the National Council for Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB). Under the IDP guidelines, interns must acquire 5,600 hours of training under the supervision of a licensed architect () in standard areas of architecture. Step 3: Take the Architecture Registration ExaminationThe Architecture Registration Examination (ARE) is a nine-section exam, designed to test whether a candidate has the knowledge and experience necessary to practice architecture independently. A passing score on all sections is a requirement to becoming an architect. Candidates should contact their state architectural registration board to verify their eligibility to take the ARE. Step 4: Apply for LicensureAll U.S. states and jurisdictions require architects to be licensed by their local architectural registration boards before they can provide architectural services. Requirements for licensure generally include a professional degree in architecture, completion of a training period under the supervision of a licensed architect and passing all nine divisions of the ARE. The period of time allowed for successfully completing all nine parts of the exam varies by state. Most states also require architects to take continuing education courses to maintain their licenses. Step 5: Get CertifiedMany architects opt for voluntary certification through NCARB. This certification makes it easier for architects to obtain reciprocal licenses among the 54 U.S. states and jurisdictions that are members of the council. NCARB certification can also be used to apply for registration in other countries. Certification is awarded after evaluation of an applican