英语畅谈中国文化50主题7.doc

7Glazed Tiles and Imperial Architecture琉璃瓦与宫廷建筑A:I went to the Forbidden City on SundayIt was a beautiful day with a blue sky and white cloudsThe yellow tiles looked gorgeousB: Glazed tiles are unique to Chinese architectureThey were used exclusively on Imperial Palaces and buildingsJunior officials or ordinary people were not allowed to use themThats why you can only see them in the Forbidden Palace，the Summer Palace or other Imperial architectureThere is a place in Beijing called Liu Li Chang, which means“glazed tile factoryIt is where glazed tiles were made during the Ming Dynasty.A： Is yellow the only color for those tiles?B： No，there are other colors such as green，blue，purple and blackThere were strict rules for the use of the tiles：yellow tiles for Imperial Palaces and green tiles for the homes of the Emperors brothersA： Sounds special! Could you tell me more about the colors?B： The colors are related to the five elements that make up our worldThose elements are metal, wood，water，fire and earth，and they are represented by the colors of white, green，black，red and yellowEach element is also influenced by the four seasonsThe five regions on earth are ruled，respectively，by five different Emperors .The Yellow Emperor is in the center and is assisted by the God of Earth . In the east is the Green Emperor，who is assisted by the God of Wood and is responsible for springThe Red Emperor in the south is assisted by the God of Fire and is responsible for summerThe White Emperor is in the westHe is assisted by the God of Metal and is responsible for autumnThe Black Emperor is in the north, being assisted by the God of Water and responsible for winterSo，the colors used in traditional architecture correspond to the theory of the Five Elements and the Five Regions.A：Are those theories used in any of the contemporary buildings?B：Not muchThe Ten Milestone buildings，built in the 1950s,followed the traditional style but not todays landmark buildings in BeijingThose buildings were designed together with Western architectsThey seldom use any of the traditional colorsA：If Beijing uses the five Olympic colors to dress up the city it will definitely look very impressiveIt will also be in tune with the Five Color theoryB：Thats an interesting thoughtUnfortunately there is no white in the Olympic colors, otherwise it would be a perfect match to the Five Colors对话 A：星期天我去了故宫。在蓝大白云下，故宫的黄色琉璃瓦显得壮美极了。 B：琉璃制品是中国古建筑中特有的材料，但只限于在皇家建筑中使用。一般官宦以及平民百姓是不准用的。所以你只能在故宫、颐和园等皇家建筑中看到琉璃。北京有个地方叫琉璃厂，在明代这里是烧制琉璃瓦的地方。 A：琉璃瓦都是黄色的吗? B：不，还有绿色、蓝色、紫色和黑色。对于各色琉璃瓦的使用有着严格的等级规定：皇宫用黄色；亲王府用绿色。 A：真奇特!你能多讲讲那些颜色吗7B：说到颜色，不得不提五行学说。传统上，五色(白、青、黑、红、黄)象征五行(金、木、水、火、土)，并与春夏秋冬四季变化相联系。天下五方由五帝统治 黄帝居中，由土神相助，其色属黄；东方为青帝，以木神相佐，其色属青，掌管春季；南方为炎帝，以火神相助，其色属红，掌管夏季；西方称白帝，由金神相助，掌管秋季；北方称黑帝，由水神相佐，掌管冬季。中屋古代建筑所用的颜色就与传统五行、五方说相关。 A：现代建筑依然按照这些学说来设计吗?B：不完全是。20世纪50年代，北京标志性的十大建筑特别强调传统建筑风格。这几 年，外国建筑师成为京城标志性建筑的参与者，他们很少采用传统的颜色。 A：如果北京按照奥运五环的色彩来装饰，效果一定惊人。这也符合五色之说。 B：这个主意挺有意思。遗憾的是奥运五环里没有白色，否则就与中国的五色说相符合了。Background Reading背景阅读Palace Architecture 宫廷建筑 In the long history of Chinese feudal society，the emperors，as the wielders of supreme power，had palaces and other structures built which exalted them far above the rest of the populaceThus，palace architecture represents the quintessence of the architectural techniques and esthetic aspirations of that epoch Ancient records describe the now vanished Epang Palace of the Qin Dynasty，Weiyang Palace of the Han Dynasty and Darming Palace of the Tang Dynasty as being huge construction with broad courtyards，and magnificent halls，pavilions，terraces and tower. The only imperial palaces extant nowadays are the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Imperial Palace in Shenyang, which were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties，respectivelyThe Forbidden City in Beijin was completed in 1420 during the reign of YongleIt was constructed totally in accordance with the traditional regulations of ancient Chinese palaces，and reflects the traditional features of Chinese palace architecture from the general layout to the specific appearance of structures and decorationsThe Forbidden City concentrates the highest technical and artistic achievements of ancient palace architecture 一 在中国漫长的封建历史过程中，拥有至高无上权力的帝王们为自己建造了普通大众可望而不可即的宫廷楼宇，这些建筑代表了当时建筑技术的精髓和审美追求。 据史料记载，秦代的阿房宫、汉代的未央宫，以及唐代的大明宫都是宏大的建筑群，有宽阔的庭院、宏伟的殿堂，以及亭台楼榭等。目前仅存下来的帝王宫殿是分别建于明清两代的北京紫禁城和沈阳故宫。紫禁城完工于明永乐年间的1420年，从整体布局到具体结构和细节装饰，完全按照中国传统宫殿的要求建造，代表了古代宫廷建筑技术和艺术的顶峰。gorgeous 漂亮，华丽correspond 一致，相对应landmark 标志性 exclusively 专属的，独有的contemporary 当代dress up 装扮milestone 里程碑7Glazed Tiles（琉璃瓦）and Imperial Architecture（建筑学）琉璃瓦与宫廷建筑A:I went to the Forbidden City（紫禁城）on SundayIt was a beautiful day (美好的一天)with a blue sky and white cloudsThe yellow tiles（瓦）looked gorgeous（ :ds 美极了！）B: Glazed tiles are unique（独特的）to Chinese architectureThey were used exclusively（排外地, 专有地）on Imperial Palaces and buildingsJunior（下级的）officials or ordinary people were not allowed to use themThats why you can only see them in the Forbidden Palace，the Summer Palace（颐和园）or other Imperial architectureThere is a place in Beijing called Liu Li Chang, which means“glazed tile factoryIt is where glazed tiles were made during the Ming Dynasty.A： Is yellow the only color for those tiles?B： No，there are other colors such as green，blue，purple（紫色）and blackThere were strict（严格的）rules（规则，规定）for the use of the tiles：yellow tiles for Imperial Palaces and green tiles for the homes of the Emperors brothers(亲王府)A： Sounds special（真奇特）! Could you tell me more about the colors?B： The colors are related to the five elements（五行）that make up our worldThose elements are metal, wood，water，fire and earth，and they are represented by the colors of white, green，black，red and yellowEach element is also influenced by the four seasonsThe five regions（区域，方）on earth are ruled，respectively，by five different Emperors .The Yellow Emperor is in the center and is assisted by the God of Earth（土神）. In the east is the Green Emperor（青帝），who is assisted by the God of Wood and is responsible for（负责，掌管）springThe Red Emperor（炎帝）in the south is assisted by the God of Fire（火神）and is responsible for summerThe White Emperor is in the westHe is assisted by the God of Metal（金神）and is responsible for autumnThe Black Emperor is in the north, being assisted by the God of Water（水神）and responsible for winterSo，the colors used in traditional architecture correspond to（与.相对应，与.相关）the theory of the Five Elements and the Five Regions.A：Are those theories used in any of the contemporary（当代的）buildings?B：Not much（不多，不完全是）The Ten Milestone（里程碑，划时代的事件）buildings，built in the 1950s,followed（遵循，沿袭）the traditional style but not todays landmark（地标；里程碑）buildings in BeijingThose buildings were designed together with Western architects（建筑师）They seldom use any of the traditional colorsA：If Beijing uses the five Olympic colors to dress up（打扮，装饰）the city it will definitely（肯定地，一定地）look very impressive（令人印象深刻的，难忘的，惊人的）It will also be in tune with（与.一致，与.协调）the Five Color theoryB：Thats an interesting thoughtUnfortunately there is no white in the Olympic colors, otherwise it would be a perfect match（匹配）to the Five Colors对话 A：星期天我去了故宫。在蓝大白云下，故宫的黄色琉璃瓦显得壮美极了。 B：琉璃制品是中国古建筑中特有的材料，但只限于在皇家建筑中使用。一般官宦以及平民百姓是不准用的。所以你只能在故宫、颐和园等皇家建筑中看到琉璃。北京有个地方叫琉璃厂，在明代这里是烧制琉璃瓦的地方。 A：琉璃瓦都是黄色的吗? B：不，还有绿色、蓝色、紫色和黑色。对于各色琉璃瓦的使用有着严格的等级规定：皇宫用黄色；亲王府用绿色。 A：真奇特!你能多讲讲那些颜色吗7B：说到颜色，不得不提五行学说。传统上，五色(白、青、黑、红、黄)象征五行(金、木、水、火、土)，并与春夏秋冬四季变化相联系。天下五方由五帝统治 黄帝居中，由土神相助，其色属黄；东方为青帝，以木神相佐，其色属青，掌管春季；南方为炎帝，以火神相助，其色属红，掌管夏季；西方称白帝，由金神相助，掌管秋季；北方称黑帝，由水神相佐，掌管冬季。中屋古代建筑所用的颜色就与传统五行、五方说相关。 A：现代建筑依然按照这些学说来设计吗?B：不完全是。20世纪50年代，北京标志性的十大建筑特别强调传统建筑风格。这几 年，外国建筑师成为京城标志性建筑的参与者，他们很少采用传统的颜色。 A：如果北京按照奥运五环的色彩来装饰，效果一定惊人。这也符合五色之说。 B：这个主意挺有意思。遗憾的是奥运五环里没有白色，否则就与中国的五色说相符合了。Background Reading背景阅读Palace Architecture 宫廷建筑 In the long history of Chinese feudal（封建的）society，the emperors，as the wielders（支配者）of supreme power（最高权力），had palaces and other structures built which exalted（提升）them far above（远远超过）the rest of the populace（平民；大众）Thus（因而，如此），palace architecture represents the quintessence（ kwintesns 精华，精髓）of the architectural techniques and esthetic（ i:setik 审美）aspirations（渴望，追求）of that epoch（ i:pk, epk 时代） Ancient records（古代记录，史料记载）describe（描述，形容）the now vanished（消失，不复存在）Epang Palace of the Qin Dynasty，Weiyang Palace of the Han Dynasty and Darming Palace of the Tang Dynasty as being huge construction（建筑）with broad（宽阔的）courtyards（庭院），and magnificent（壮丽的；华丽的）halls（大厅），pavilions（阁；亭子），terraces（台，平台，露台）and tower（塔；高楼）. The only imperial palaces extant（现存的） nowadays are the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Imperial Palace in Shenyang, which were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties，respectively（分别地）The Forbidden City in Beijing was completed in 1420 during the reign（统治时期）of YongleIt was constructed totally in accordance with （依照；与一致）the traditional regulations（规则，要求）of ancient Chinese palaces，and reflects the traditional features（特点，特色）of Chinese palace architecture from the general（综合的，整体的）layout（布局；设计）to the specific（具体的）appearance（外观）of structures and decorations（装饰）The Forbidden City concentrates（集中；浓缩）the highest technical and artistic achievements（成就）of