英语四级冲刺练习题.doc

A)opposedB)converseC)equallyD)written E)developed F)strategiesG)comparedH)awake I)higherJ)expectationsK)dealL)absolutely M)awareN)betterO)further Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts _1_ questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become _2_ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between _3_ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level. Different people _4_ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is _5_ in the text. The latter represents _6_ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is _7_ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as _8_ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the _9_ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well _10_. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. A)priority B)criticism C)contained D) clearly E)adventurous F ） discourage G)motivation H)terrible I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever _ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a _4_child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid _5_ language. Thats why teachers often _6_ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“ This work is _7_ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharp_8_ of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which _9_ some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more _10_ to seek improvement. A)processB)high C)enjoying D)anxiety E)settleF)cautious G)cooperate H) greatly I)droppingJ) hardly K) intense L)focus M)aspiration N)critical O) procedure Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticismfrom coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessiveamount of _1_ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychologicaland research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as _2_ orquitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are _3_ years for learning about oneself. The sport settingis one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to_4_ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can _5_affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find aflaw（缺陷）in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be _6_ that youth sport participation does not become workfor children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the _7_ of learning thesport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of _8_ themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches _9_ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivate sand has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism can create _10_ levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. A) honour B) accomplish C) had D) moral E) arrive F) occured G) end H) power I) happened J) definitely K) Physical L) informal M) interruption N) especially O) irregular The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens（雅典)in 1896and only twelve nations participated. Besides the host nationman participants were tourists who _1_ to be in Greece atthe time. Though the whole affair was _2_ and the standard was not high, the old principle of amateur sport was kept up.Since then the games had been held every four years except during the _3_ of the two World War. This was _4_ adeparture from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stop and make way for the games. The games have grown enormously in scale and _5_performances have now reached unprecedented heights. Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their _6_ standard .Instead of Olympia, the modern games are now held in differentcities all over the world. Inevitably politics and comercialismget involved as countries vie each other for(为 . 而互相竞争) the _7_ to hold the games because of the political prestige and commercial profit to be _8_ out of them. In the 11th games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitler who had newly come to _9_ in Germany tried to use the occasion for his Nazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame was brought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays, a marathon journey now often taking months to _10_. Passage 1Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.Today the car is the most popular 67 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 68 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 69 90 percent of all personal 70 .Most Americans are able to 71 cars. The average price of a 72 made car was, 500 in 1950, 740 in 1960 and up 73 750 in 1975. During this period American ear manufacturers set about 74 their products and work efficiency.Meanwhile, the yearly income of the 75 family increased from 1950 to 1975 76 than the price of cars. For this reason, 77 a new car takes a smaller 78 of a familys total earnings today.In 1951 79 it took 8.1 months of an average familys 80 to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car 81 8.3 of a familys annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 82 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 83 to models from previous years.The 84 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 85 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money 86 their cars running than on any other item.67. A kinds B means C mean D types68. A denied B reproduced C replaced D ridiculed69. A hardly B nearly C certainly D somehow70. A trip B works C business D travel71. A buy B sell C race D see72. A quickly B regularly C rapidly D recently73. A on B to C in D about74. A raising B making C reducing D improving75. A unusual B interested C average D big76. A slowest B equal C faster D less77. A bringing B obtaining C having D purchasing78. A partB halfC number D side79. A clearly B proportionally C obviously D suddenly80. A income B work C plants D debts81. A used B spent C cost D needed82. A months B dollar C family D year83. A famous B quick C superior D inferior84. A running B notice C influence D discussion85. A then B so C as D which86. A starting B leaving C keeping D repairingPassage 2To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to 62 the attention and interest of your students: you must be a 63 speaker, with a good, strong, 64 voice which is fully under your control: and you must be able to 65 what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear. 66 a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still 67 his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his 68 , hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will 69 the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 70 according to what he is 71 about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesnt 72 that he will indeed be able to act 73 on the stage, for there are very important 74 between the teachers work and the actors. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart he has to repeat exactly the 75 words each time he plays a certain part; 76 his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually 77 beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem 78 on the stage.A good teacher 79 in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his 80 : they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they dont understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must 81 it as he goes along.62. A payB hold C give D know63. A clear B slow C quick D loud64. A frightening B exciting C fearing D pleasing65. A act B talk C say D repeat66. A Listen B Watch C Look D Observe67. A for B behind C before D with68. A tongue B words C sound D arms69. A hearB see C think D guess70. A making B changing C expressing D giving71. A talking B thinking C hearing D saying72. A tell B expressC show D mean73. A good B badly C well D actively74. A things B differences C points D jobs75. A different B same C above D following76. A just B never C everD even77. A read B known C fixed D written78. A natural B real C false D clear79. A is B has C works D teaches80. A group B party C class D play81. A invent B discover C teach D continuePassage 3An adult giraffes head is about six feet above its heart. This means that to 67 enough blood up to the brain the circulatory 68 must be strong enough to keep the blood at very high pressure.Biologists have known for some time that giraffes solve this problem by having 69 high blood pressure, about 70 that of human beings. But an international team of biologists began to 71 about this. If giraffes have such high blood pressure, they should have a 72 problem with swelling in their legs and feet. Why dont giraffes have swollen feet?Giraffes should have 73 problem, too. Every time they bend heads 74 to drink, the blood should 75 to their heads and have a hard time 76 back up (when the head is down) to the heart. How come giraffes dont black out when they drink?The answer to the 77 feet problem, the researchers found, is that giraffes have 78 the researchers call a natural anti-gravity suit. It 79 out that the skin and other 80 in their legs and feet are 81 stiffer and tougher than those of other 82 . As a result, the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.Therefore, the blood has nowhere to go but back to the heart. What about blood rushing to the head 83 the giraffe bends down to drink? The researchers found that the giraffes jugular vein, which 84 blood from the head back to the heart, has lots of one-way valves in it. In the giraffes neck, there are lots of muscles that flex and relax repeatedly as the animal moves its head and sucks 85 drinking water. By squeezing the valved jugular vein, they 86 blood moving back to the heart even while the animal is drinking.67. A bringB produce C transfer D pump68. A structure B system C function D organism69. A unusually B generally C uncomfortably D commonly70. A half B multiple C double D pair71. A investigate B wonder C undertake D learn72. A terrible B unreliable C unsolvable D advisable73. A other B some C others D another74. A up B downC toward D aside75. A crushB brush C push D rush76. A following B returning C plowing D pouring77. A healthy B swollen C dreary D radical78. A what B where C that D those79. A reveals B indicates C figures D turns80. A tissues B vessels C pores D organs81. A many B very C much D less82. A giraffes B animals C people D creatures83. A whenever B whatever C however D wherever84. A reflectsB releases C receives D carries85. A in B up C to D from86. A permit B prevent C retain D keepPassage 4Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel 67 the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other 68 of transport. These 69 make it possible for boats to travel 70 ports along the coast without being 71 to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their 72 a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not 73 on the coast; still other canals 74 lands where there is too much water, help to 75 field