高级英语1何兆熊_unit1

Unit1NeatPeoplevs SloppyPeople 新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材 修订版 DetailedReading Contents WarmUp GlobalReading ConsolidationActivities TextAppreciation FurtherEnhancement Section1 WarmUp Lookatthetwopictures Thinkofwordswhichyoucanusetodescribethestatesoftherooms messy sloppy untidy disorderly dirty unclean unorganized neat tidy orderly clean organized Lead in BackgroundInformation Section1 WarmUp 1 Whichroomwouldyouliketoliveorworkin 2 Whatisyourroomlike 3 Whatareyourimpressionsaboutneatpeopleandsloppypeople Whatkindoffeaturesareassociatedwithsloppypeopleandneatpeople 4 Lookatanotherpictureandtellwhatthepictureimplies Lead in Topicsfordiscussion Section1 WarmUp 4 Accordingtoyourformerexperience whatkindofpeoplearelikelytobeofhighermoralqualities Sloppypeopleorneatpeople Let stakealookatanotherpictureandtellwhatthepictureimplies Lead in Topicsfordiscussion Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation Thepictureimpliesthatsloppinessisamoralproblem notjustaproblemofhabit forsloppypeoplearealso evil people Section1 WarmUp 5 DoesSuzanneBritt authorofthetextwe regoingtostudy thinkinthesameway Lead in Topicsfordiscussion Section1 WarmUp AbouttheAuthorSuzanneBritt Apoetandessayist andAssistantProfessorofEnglish SuzanneBrittwasborninWinston Salem NorthCarolina Sheearnedherbachelor sdegreefromSalemCollegeandhermaster sdegreefromWashingtonUniversity BrittcurrentlyteachesliteratureandwritingcoursesatMeredithCollegeinNorthCarolina BackgroundInformation Lead in Section1 WarmUp Aprolificwriter Britt spoemshaveappearedinquiteafewliterarymagazines heressaysandarticleshaveappearedinvariousnewspapersandmagazines includingNewsweek TheNewYorkTimesandTheBostonGlobe Someofthemhavealsobeenwidelyreprintedincollegetextbooks Brittisauthorofseveralbooks includingShowandTell 1982 andAWriter sRhetoric 1988 ShealsoadvisesTheMeredithHeraldandTheColtonReview BackgroundInformation Lead in SkimthetextandfindouttheanswertoexerciseI Page5 inTextcomprehension ReadthetextagainandfigureouttheanswerstoexerciseII Gothroughthetextandfindoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph Section2 GlobalReading Section2 GlobalReading Whatistheauthor sargumentofthetext OrWhatisthetextmainlyabout StructuralAnalysis MainIdea Throughacomparisonofthepeculiaritiesofsloppypeopleandneatpeopleintheirdailylife theauthoristryingtoconvincethereadersoftheargumentthatthemaindistinctionbetweenthetwotypesofpeopleisamoralone andfurthermore sloppypeopleareevenmorallysuperiortoneatpeople Section2 GlobalReading Pleasedividethetextinto3partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart StructuralAnalysis MainIdea PartI Paragraph1 Introduction InParagraph1 theauthorintroducesthetopicofthetextandpresentsheropinionthat neatpeoplearelazierandmeanerthansloppypeople StructuralAnalysis MainIdea PartIII Paragraphs6 12 DescriptionofNeatPeople Paragraphs6 12concentrateonthedescriptionofneatpeople Intheseparagraphs neatpeopleareportrayedascold blooded ruthlessandverypractical PartII Paragraphs2 5 DescriptionofSloppyPeople Paragraphs2 5focusonsloppypeoplewhoareportrayedashavingahighmoralstandardandambitiousplans Besides theyarealsodescribedas givinglovingattentiontoeverydetail Section2 GlobalReading DetailedAnalysis Part1 P1 Howdoestheauthorputforwardhermainargument Direct bluntorindirect obscure Whatdoyouthinkofthewaytheauthorbeginsherargument Doesithaveaneffectivebeginning Aneffectivebeginning Makingacomparisonbetweenaneatpersonandasloppypersoninabluntandunexpectedway whichsucceedsinarousingtheinterestofthereader Overthrowtraditionalopinionsofthem Section3 DetailedReading 1I vefinallyfiguredoutthedifferencebetweenneatpeopleandsloppypeople Thedistinctionis asalways moral 1 Neatpeoplearelazierandmeanerthansloppypeople 2Sloppypeople yousee arenotreallysloppy 2 Theirsloppinessismerelytheunfortunateconsequenceoftheirextrememoralrectitude 3 Sloppypeoplecarryintheirmind seyeaheavenlyvision apreciseplan thatissostupendous soperfect itcan tbeachievedinthisworldorthenext NeatPeoplevs SloppyPeople QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading 3 4 SloppypeopleliveinNever NeverLand Somedayistheirm tier Somedaytheyareplanningtoalphabetizealltheirbooksandsetuphomecatalogs Somedaytheywillgothroughtheirwardrobesandmarkcertainitemsfortentativemendingandcertainitemsforpassingontorelativesofsimilarshapeandsize Somedaysloppypeoplewillmakefamilyscrapbooksintowhichtheywillputnewspaperclippings postcards locksofhair andthedriedcorsagefromtheirseniorprom Somedaytheywillfileeverythingonthesurfaceoftheirdesks includingthe QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading cashreceiptsfromcoffeepurchasesatthesnackshop SomedaytheywillsitdownandreadallthebackissuesofTheNewYorker 4Forallthesenoblereasonsandmore sloppypeoplenevergetneat Theyaimtoohighandwide 5 Theysaveeverything planningsomedaytofile order andstraightenouttheworld Butwhiletheseambitiousplanstakeclearerandclearershapeintheirheads thebooksspillfromtheshelvesontothefloor theclothespileupinthehamperandcloset thefamily QUESTION DetailedAnalysisPart2 Sloppypeoplehaveahighmoralstandard givealovingattentiontoeverydetail Howdoestheauthorjustifythebehaviorofsloppypeople Section3 DetailedReading mementosaccumulateineverydrawer thesurfaceofthedeskisburiedundermoundsofpaperand 6 theunreadmagazinesthreatentoreachtheceiling 5 7 Sloppypeoplecan tbeartopartwithanything Theygivelovingattentiontoeverydetail Whensloppypeoplesaythey regoingtotacklethesurfaceofthedesk theyreallymeanit 8 Notapaperwillgounturned notarubberbandwillgounboxed Fourhoursortwoweeksintotheexcavation thedesklooksexactlythesame primarilybecausethesloppypersonismeticulouslycreatingnewpilesofpaperswithnew Part NeatPeople Neatpeoplearecold blooded Para6 Neatpeoplearepractical Para7 9 Neatpeoplearewasteful Para10 12 Section3 DetailedReading headingsandscrupulouslystoppingtoreadalltheoldbookcatalogsbeforehethrowsthemaway Aneatpersonwouldjustbulldozethedesk 6 9 Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart Theyhavecavalierattitudestowardpossessions includingfamilyheirlooms Everythingisjustanotherdust catchertothem 10 Ifanythingcollectsdust it sgottogoandthat sthat Neatpeoplewilltoywiththeideaofthrowingthechildrenoutofthehousejusttocutdownontheclutter QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading 7Neatpeopledon tcareaboutprocess Theylikeresults Whattheywanttodoisgetthewholethingoverwithsotheycansitdownandwatchtherasslin onTV Neatpeopleoperateontwounvaryingprinciples Neverhandleanyitemtwice andthroweverythingaway 8Theonlythingmessyinaneatperson shouseisthetrashcan Theminutesomethingcomestoaneatperson shand hewilllookatit trytodecideifithasimmediateuseand findingnone throwitinthetrash Section3 DetailedReading 9 11 Neatpeopleareespeciallyviciouswithmail Theynevergothroughtheirmailunlesstheyarestandingdirectlyoveratrashcan Ifthetrashcanisbesidethemailbox evenbetter Allads catalogs pleasforcharitablecontributions churchbulletinsandmoney savingcouponsgostraightintothetrashcanwithoutbeingopened Alllettersfromhome postcardsfromEurope billsandpaychecksareopened immediatelyrespondedto thendroppedinthetrashcan Neatpeoplekeeptheirreceiptsonlyfortaxpurposes That sit 12 Nosentimentalsalvagingofbirthdaycardsorthelastlettera Section3 DetailedReading dyingrelativeeverwrote 13 Intothetrashitgoes 10 14 Neatpeopleplaceneatnessaboveeverything eveneconomics Theyareincrediblywasteful Neatpeoplethrowawayseveraltoyseverytimetheywalkthroughtheden Iknewaneatpersononcewhothrewawayaperfectlygooddishdrainerbecauseithadmoldonit Thedrainerwastoomuchtroubletowash Andneatpeopleselltheirfurniturewhentheymove TheywillsellaLa Z Boyreclinerwhileyouarereclininginit Section3 DetailedReading 11 15 Neatpeoplearenogoodtoborrowfrom Neatpeoplebuyeverythinginexpensivelittlesingleportions Theygettheirflourandsugarintwo poundbags Theywouldn tconsiderclippingacoupon savingaleftover reusingplasticnondairywhippedcreamcontainersorrinsingofftinfoilanddrapingitovertheunmoldydishdrainer Youcanneverborrowaneatperson snewspapertoseewhat splayingatthemovies 16 Neatpeoplehavethepaperallwaddedupandinthetrashby7 05A M QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading 12 17 Neatpeoplecutacleanswaththroughtheorganicaswellastheinorganicworld People animals andthingsareallonetothem Theyaresoinsensitive Afterthey vefinishedwiththepantry themedicinecabinet andtheattic theywillthrowouttheredgeranium toomanyleaves sellthedog toomanyfleas andsendthechildrenofftoboardingschool toomanyscuff marksonthehardwoodfloors QUESTION ACTIVITY Comparison sufficient followagoodlogic Section3 DetailedReading Doesthearticlehaveaneffectivebeginning Whyorwhynot Paragraph1 Paragraph1provesitselfaveryeffectivebeginning Insteadofdrawingaconclusionattheendofthecomparison theauthorpresentsitatthebeginninginabluntandunexpectedmanner Theconclusionhascompletelyoverthrownthetraditionalopinionsofthetwotypesofpeople Therefore thebeginningsucceedsinarousingthereader sinterest Section3 DetailedReading Whydoestheauthorrepeattheword someday somanytimes Paragraph3 Theparallelsentencesbeginningwiththesameword someday canemphasizethetruththatmorejustificationscanhardlybefoundforthebehaviorofsloppypeopleintheirpresentlifeexceptofferingsomebeautifulhopethatallsuchwillbecompensatedforbytheirfutureplans Section3 DetailedReading Whatrhetoricaldevicedoestheauthoremployinsuchsentencesas Theysaveeverything planningsomedaytofile order andstraightenouttheworld and theunreadmagazinesthreatentoreachtheceiling Paragraph4 Hyperboleisusedinthesesentencestoexaggeratetherigidnessandimpracticabilityofsloppypeopleintheirlife Section3 DetailedReading Whatisthefunctionofthesentence Aneatpersonwouldjustbulldozethedesk intermsofthetextstructure Paragraph5 Thesentenceservesasatransitionfromthedescriptionofsloppypeopletoneatpeopleinthefollowingparagraphs Section3 DetailedReading Whyareneatpeoplenogoodtoborrowfrom Paragraph11 Neatpeoplebuyanythinginexpensivelittleamountandthrowawayanythingthey veused Theydon thaveanythingleftthatpeoplecanborrowfromthem Section3 DetailedReading Whatdoneatpeoplelooklikeinothers mind Whatmakestheauthorthinkthatthedifferencebetweenneatpeopleandsloppypeopleismoral Paragraph12 Theyareinsensitiveandcold blooded Accordingtotheauthor amorehumanerelationshipisreflectedinthebehaviorofsloppypeople Forneatpeople theprimaryconcernintheirlifeistoestablishaneatbutcoldandinhumanorderevenattheexpenseofthewarmandfriendlyrelationshipbetweenthemandtheirbelongings Therefore theauthorthinksthedistinctionbetweenthetwotypesofpeopleismoral Section3 DetailedReading ClassDiscussions1 Describetwopeopleyouknowwhohaveverydifferentapproachestobeingneatandorganized Explainwhatitisliketobewitheachofthem 2 Howwouldyoudescribethehouseholdinwhichyougrewup Inwhatwayswereyourparentsveryorganized Inwhatareasweretheydisorganized Section3 DetailedReadinginsentences Neatpeoplearelazierandmeanerthansloppypeople Paragraph1 Explanation Thisisaboldsentence assumingthatallneatpeoplearelazyandmean whilesomemaybegtodiffer Translation 整洁的人比随意的人更懒更自私 Section3 DetailedReading Theirsloppinessismerelytheunfortunateconsequenceoftheirextrememoralrectitude Paragraph2 Paraphrase Thereasonwhysloppypeoplearesloppyisthattheyenjoygreatmoraluprightness buttheirverysloppinessunfavorablybiasesothermembersofsocietyagainstthem Translation 他们特别崇尚正直的道德品质 而这不幸造成他们日常生活的慵懒 Section3 DetailedReading Sloppypeoplecarryintheirmind seyeaheavenlyvision apreciseplan thatissostupendous soperfect itcan tbeachievedinthisworldorthenext Paragraph2 Paraphrase Sloppypeoplehaveexcellentmentalpowerofseeingandimagining andwhattheyconstructisanaccuratescheme whichissomarvelousandperfectthatitcannotbeaccomplishedwhentheyarealiveoraftertheydie Section3 DetailedReading Explanation Thewriteremployshyperboletoemphasizetheextrememoralrectitudeofsloppypeople Translation 随意的人有超乎寻常的想象力和洞察力 有非常精确的计划 他们的计划是那么伟大和完美 无论今生或者来世都实现不了 Section3 DetailedReading SloppypeopleliveinNever NeverLand Somedayistheirm tier Paragraph3 Paraphrase Sloppypeopleliveinanimaginaryandwonderfulplacewhichisineverywayotherthanthepracticalandrealisticworldwearenowlivingin Itistheirhabittoputeverythingofftillsomedaywhichwillnevercome Translation 随意的人生活在想象的世界里 总是寄希望于永远不会到来的将来某一天 Section3 DetailedReading Theysaveeverything planningsomedaytofile order andstraightenouttheworld Paragraph4 Paraphrase Theydon twanttothrowawayanything thinkingintheirmindofarrangingandsortingouttheworldsomedayinthefuture Section3 DetailedReading Explanation Hyperboleisusedheretoexaggeratetheambitiousschemeofsloppypeople Translation 他们把什么东西都攒着 舍不得扔掉 盘算着哪一天把整个世界分门别类 好好归整一下 Section3 DetailedReading theunreadmagazinesthreatentoreachtheceiling Paragraph4 Paraphrase themagazinesthathavenotbeenreadareplacedintoahugepilethatishighenoughtotouchtheceiling Section3 DetailedReading Explanation Humorouseffectsareachievedherebyusinghyperboletoemphasizethesloppinessofsloppypeople Translation 没有阅读过的杂志都快堆到天花板那么高了 Section3 DetailedReading Sloppypeoplecan tbeartopartwithanything Paragraph5 Paraphrase Sloppypeoplesaveeverythinganddon twanttosellordisposeofit Translation 随意的人不喜欢处理掉任何物件 Section3 DetailedReading Notapaperwillgounturned notarubberbandwillgounboxed Paragraph5 Explanation Doublenegative not un isusedheretoemphasizethedeterminationofsloppypeoplewhentheydecidetostraightenoutthedesk Besides furtheremphasisisachievedbytheparallelisminthetwoclauses Translation 每一张纸都将被清理 每一根橡皮绳都会放进盒子里 Section3 DetailedReading Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart Paragraph6 Paraphrase Neatpeopleareactuallystupidandincompetent Explanation ThissentenceparallelstheoneatthebeginningofParagraph2 Theauthorwantstoconveythemessagethattheworldisnotreallythewayitappearstobe Section3 DetailedReading Ifanythingcollectsdust it sgottogoandthat sthat Paragraph6 Paraphrase Ifdustisgatheredoveranything thethinghastobethrownawaywithnoexception Translation 任何东西一旦沾上了灰尘就统统扔掉 Section3 DetailedReading Neatpeopleareespeciallyviciouswithmail Paragraph9 Paraphrase Neatpeopleareextremelycruelandrelentlessindealingwiththemailtheyreceive Translation 整洁的人处理邮件尤其冷酷无情 Section3 DetailedReading Nosentimentalsalvagingofbirthdaycardsorthelastletteradyingrelativeeverwrote Paragraph9 Paraphrase Neatpeoplewouldtakenopainstokeepbirthdaycardsorthelastletterwhichwaswrittenbyarelativewhowasdying Theythrowawaywhatevertheydon tfeellike beitvaluableornot Section3 DetailedReading Explanation Hyperboleisusedagaininthissentencetoemphasizetherelentlessnessandcrueltyofneatpeopleindealingwithmail Translation 他们不会怜惜生日贺卡 或者某位行将西去的亲戚的绝笔信 Section3 DetailedReading Intothetrashitgoes Paragraph9 Explanation Frontingofprepositionalphrase Inthissentencetheadverbialisputbeforethesubjecttoemphasizeneatpeople sdestinationofthrowingawaymail Translation 统统丢进垃圾箱 Section3 DetailedReading Neatpeopleplaceneatnessaboveeverything eveneconomics Paragraph10 Paraphrase Neatnessistheprimaryconcerninthelifeofneatpeople Theywouldliketoachieveneatnessevenatthecostofeconomicloss Translation 整洁的人只关心整洁清爽 为达目的他们甚至不顾惜经济损失 Section3 DetailedReading Neatpeoplearenogoodtoborrowfrom Paragraph11 Paraphrase Neatpeoplearenottherightpersonsforyoutoborrowthingsfrom fortheymaynothaveanythingleftforyoutoborrow Translation 你不大好找整洁的人借东西 Section3 DetailedReading Neatpeoplehavethepaperallwaddedupandinthetrashby7 05A M Paragraph11 Paraphrase Shortlyaftertheyfinishreadingtheirnewspaperdeliveredtotheirdooreverymorning theyrollitupandthrowitintothetrashcan Translation 每天早上不过7 05 整洁的人把报纸看完后就卷吧卷吧扔进垃圾桶里 Section3 DetailedReading Neatpeoplecutacleanswaththroughtheorganicaswellastheinorganicworld Paragraph12 Paraphrase Toneatpeople therewouldbenodifferencebetweenthingsthathavelivesandthingsthatdon thavelives Theytreatthembothruthlessly Section3 DetailedReading Explanation Hyperboleisemployedinthissentencetoemphasizetheinsensitivityofneatpeoplewhoappearsocold heartedastoshednowarmthonthelivingthingsintheworld Translation 整洁的人无论是对待有生命还是无生命的对象都一样冷酷无情 Section4 TextAppreciation Thisessayisapieceofhumorouswriting yetitisfarmorethanfunreading Thesubjectoftheessayseemstobetrivialandfamiliartotheaveragereaderandnothingisleftunsaid However theauthorsucceedsinthrowingnewlightonthisseeminglycommonsubjectandpresentsherviewsfromauniqueangle Section4 TextAppreciation Discussandanswerthefollowingquestions 1 Howdoestheauthormanagetograbthereader sinterestimmediatelyatthebeginningofthetext Theauthoralmostbluntlyputsforwardherargumentthatneatpeoplearelazierandmeanerthansloppypeople anargumentwhichnotonlycontradictstheconventionalview butalsoseemstomakeafussbyconnectingeverydaytrivialmatterstomorality Suchanapparentlyweirdargumentsuccessfullygrabsthereader sinterestatfirstglance Section4 TextAppreciation 2 Thelanguageofthetextischaracterizedbyrepetition Findoutthoserepeatedwordsandsentences Whatrhetoricaleffectdoestherepetitioninlanguageachieveinthistext Toconvincethereaderofthecorrectness truthfulnessandauthenticityofherseeminglyerroneousnotion theauthorresortstoadeceptivelynaivedeviceinwriting monotonousrepetitionofthepatternwiththesamephrase sloppypeople or neatpeople atthebeginningofeachparagraphthroughouttherestoftheessaywiththeonlyexceptionofParagraphs4and8 Section4 TextAppreciation Itiswiththerepetitionof sloppypeople atthebeginningofthreeparagraphsandof neatpeople atthebeginningofsixparagraphs whichlooksolidwithsupportingdetails thattheauthormanagestobrainwashthereaderwithhernotionbypresentingit reinforcingitandmakingitrootedinthereader smind sloppypeoplehavenoblereasonswhereasneatpeopleareactuatedbymotiveswhichareindifferenttohumanewarmth Section4 TextAppreciation Repetitionalsooccurswithinparagraphs forexample Paragraph3 Exceptforthefirstsentenceofthisparagraph alltherestofthesentencesbeginwiththeword someday emphasizingthatsloppypeopleindeedhaveahighmoralstandardandambitiousplans onlytheseplansarenottoberealizedsoon Section4 TextAppreciation 3 Repetitionisoftenachievedbytheuseofparallelism Alotofsentencesarewritteninparallelstructure Findthemout 1 Paragraph3 Somedaytheywillgothroughtheirwardrobes Somedaysloppypeoplewillmakefamilyscrapbooks Somedaytheywillfileeverything Somedaytheywillsitdown Section4 TextAppreciation 2 Paragraph4 thebooksspillfromtheshelvesontothefloor theclothespileupinthehamperandcloset thefamilymementosaccumulateineverydrawer andtheunread