英语词汇--b 商务英语精读第一册(ppt 347页)

1,Teaching Courseware: New Business EnglishIntensive ReadingBook OneB,2,New Business EnglishIntensive ReadingBook OneB,新编商务英语精读 第一册全国商务英语研究会推荐教材,Hubei Three Gorges Vocational and Technical College,3,10 Air Travel,8 Manners,6 Jewelry,9 Telephone Calls,7 Body Language,4,New Business English Intensive Reading Book OneB,Picture-Word Associating Game Unit Six Unit Seven Unit Eight Unit Nine Unit Ten,Unit SixJewelry Unit SevenBody Language Unit EightManners Unit NineTelephone Calls Unit TenAir Travel,5,Warmup Text Translation Notes New Word Examples Exercises Extended Activities,Unit Six - Reading IDiamond- cutter Ephraim,6,Diamond-cutter Ephraim. There was a man called Ephraim who lived in Johannesburg. His father was to do with diamonds与钻石有关, as had been his father. The family were immigrants移民. This is still true of all people from Johannesburg, a city a little over a century old. Ephraim was a middle son, not brilliant极聪明的or stupid, not good or bad. He was nothing in particular. His brothers became diamond merchants商人, but Ephraim was not cut out for anything没有从事某种工作的才能 immediately obvious, and so at last,7,he was apprenticed当学徒 to an uncle to learn the trade of diamond-cutting. 2. To cut a diamond perfectly is an act like a samurais sword-thrust武士的击剑 , or a master archers centered arrow弓箭手 的十环箭 . When an important diamond is shaped a man may spend a week, or even weeks, studying it, accumulating积聚powers of attention, memory, intuition直觉, till he has reached that moment when he finally knows that a tap 轻敲, no more, at just that point of tension张力in the stone will split裂开it exactly so.,pendant 项饰,8,3. While Ephraim learned to do this, he lived at home in a Johannesburg suburb; and his brothers and sisters married and had families. He was the son who took his time about getting married, and about whom the family first joked, saying that he was choosy 挑剔的; and then they remained silent when others talked of him with that edge尖刻 on their voices, irritated恼怒的, a little malicious恶意的, even frightened, which is caused by those men and women who refuse to fulfill履行责任the ordinary purposes of nature. The kind ones said he was a good son, working nicely under his uncle Ben, and living,earrings耳环,9,respectably体面地 at home, and on Sunday nights playing poker扑克牌游戏with bachelor单身汉 friends he was twenty-five, then thirty, thirty-five, forty. His father became old and died, and he lived in the family house. People stopped noticing him. Nothing was expected of him.4. Then a senior person became ill, and Ephraim was asked to fly in his stead to Alexandria for a special job. A certain rich merchant of Alexandria had purchased an uncut diamond as a present for his daughter, who was to be married shortly. He wished only the best for The diamond. Ephraim, revealed显示 by this,10,happening as one of the worlds master diamond-cutters, flew to Egypt, spent some days in communion 交流 with the stone in a quiet room in the merchants house, and then caused it to fall apart into three lovely pieces. These were for a ring and earrings耳环. 5. Now he should have flown home again; but the merchant asked him to dinner. An odd不寻常的chance thatunusual. Not many people got inside that rich closed world. But perhaps the merchant had become infected感染 by the week of rising tension while Ephraim became one with the diamond in a quiet room. 6. At dinner Ephraim met the girl for whom the jewels were destined 预定的.,11,译 文:钻 石 切 割 匠，艾 福 瑞 姆 1 有一名叫 Ephraim人，住在约翰内斯堡。他的父亲像爷爷一样，是做有关钻石生意的。他们家是移民。所有约翰内斯堡的人都是移民， 这是一个有百年多历史的城市。 Ephraim是一个中等模样的儿子，不很聪明也不傻，不是很好也不差。他并没有什么特别。他的兄弟成了钻石商人，但Ephraim还没明显表现出天生适合做什么事的才能，所以，后来他给一个叔叔当学徒，学习钻石切割的贸易。 2 完美地切割钻石就像武士击剑或一个熟练的弓箭手射中靶心。当要切割一个重要的钻石时，工匠可能要花一个星期，甚至数周来研究，来积蓄注意力、经验、直觉，直到他能感知那轻轻的一敲，不再重复，恰好使钻石张力断开。,12,3 当 Ephraim学习切割时，他住在约翰内斯堡郊区的家里；他的兄弟姐妹都结婚有孩子了。在婚事上，他是一个不着急的人；起初，家人开他的玩笑，说他太挑剔；后来，当别人用尖刻的语气、恼怒的态度、带点恶意的攻击、甚至因他人不履行自然义务而害怕地议论他时，他们家人保持沉默了。好心的人说，他是个好儿子，跟他叔叔工作得很好，他在家里体面地生活着，星期天晚上去和单身汉朋友打扑克。他有25岁了，然后是30岁，35岁，40岁。他的父亲年老并去世了，他独自在家居住。人们不再注意他了，对他也不报什么希望。 4 后来有位资深工匠生病了，要求 Ephraim替他飞往亚历山大去做件特别的工作。某个亚历山大的富商买了块未切割的钻石,13,作为他送女儿的礼物，她不久就要结婚了。他想把钻石做成最好的。这一次，Ephraim 以世界级钻石切割大师的身份，飞往埃及；在富商的一个安静屋子里，他花了几天工夫研究这块宝石；然后，让它恰到好处地劈为三分，分别用于做戒指和耳环。 5 现在，他本该再飞回家了，但富商却要求他共进晚餐。这可是不寻常的机会。不是很多人能够进入富商封闭的世界的。也许是因为富商被那周的紧张气氛感染了，Ephraim在一个安静的房间里聚精会神，与钻石融为一体。 6 晚宴上，Ephraim见到了富商的女儿，钻石首饰的主人。 译者：周 荆 洪,14,Work with your partner and write out the words about jewelry: What You Wear: ring 戒指, bracelet 手链,手镯, hair pin 发夹, necklace 项链, earrings 耳环, brooch 胸针, pendant 项饰;,15,What They Are Made of :karat gold K 金, pure silver 纯银, platinum 白金, pearl 珍珠, diamond 钻石, amber 琥珀, coral 珊瑚, shell 贝壳, ruby 红宝石,diamond 钻石,amber 琥珀,16,emerald 翡翠, jade玉, crystal 水晶, sapphire 蓝宝石, topaz 黄宝石, emerald 祖母绿,绿宝石, jet 黑玉, marble 大理石, quartz 石英，zircon 锆石, period 橄榄石, garnet 石榴石, gemstone 散发宝石.,17,2. Pairwork: 1) What is the hardest substance found in nature? 2) What do you know about diamond? 3) Why is a diamond so precious? 4) Why do many people prefer to use diamonds for jewelry? 5) In what ways can you estimate the value of a diamond? Diamond is a clear, very hard and valuable stone, used in jewelry and in industry. Diamond was discovered in 500 B.C. in India. The name “diamond” comes from the Greek word “adamas” which means unconquerable-suggesting the eternity of love 爱的永恒 . Diamond is composed of a single element, the purest of all gemstones玉石 . Its a colorless stone. Some other occasional colors are; blue, yellow, amber 琥珀色 , red, green, pink. The value of a diamond, 4Cs: Cut 切面, Clarity 清晰, Color 颜色, Carat Weight 克拉重量,18,Johannesburg: the largest city in South Africa founded in 1886 after gold was discovered in the area. (约翰内斯堡)2. as had been his father: just as Ephraims father, that is, Ephraims grandfather, had worked with diamonds.3. but Ephraim was not cut out for anything immediately obvious: At that time, it was not clear what particular job was suitable for Ephraim.4. sword-thrust: a sudden, forceful push of sword5. master archer: a very good archer with a lot of skill.,19,6. centered arrow: the arrow that hits at the center (the inner ring) of the target.7. take ones time: not in a hurry.8. refuse to fulfill the ordinary purposes of nature: refuse to get married and have children.9. with that edge on their voice: talk with a sharp tone (of his unwillingness to get married soon)10. Nothing was expected of him: His family members didnt expect him to make any great achievements in his career.11. Alexandria: a port in the north of Egypt. (亚历山大),20,12. spent some days in communion with the stone: spent some days studying the diamond closely and trying to figure out how to cut it; He was so absorbed in his job that the diamond seemed to communicate with each other.13. rich closed world: the rich merchants house which few people had the chance to get in and know about.14. infected by the week of rising tension: the anxiety of the merchant increased during the week while Ephraim was doing diamond cutting.15. become one with the diamond: Ephraim was so absorbed in his diamond-cutting that he and the diamond seemed to have merged into one physical being.,21,1. immigrant n. 移民2. brilliant a. 极聪明的3. merchant n. 商人4. apprentice v. 当学徒5. samurai n. 武士6. thrust n. 刺戳7. archer n. 弓箭手8. arrow n. 箭9.accumulate v. 积聚10. intuition n. 直觉11. tap n. 轻敲12. tension n. 张力11. split v. （使）裂开,22,14. choosy a. 挑剔的15.edge n. 尖刻16. irritated a. 恼怒的17. malicious a. 恶意的18. fulfil v. 履行责任19. respectably ad. 体面的20. poker n. 扑克牌游戏21. bachelor n. 单身汉22. shortly ad.23. reveal v. 显示（出）24. communion n. 交流25. earring n. 耳环26. odd a. 不寻常的27. infect v. 感染28. destined a. 预定的,23,1. be to do with 与有关2. be cit out for 有从事（某种工作）的才能3. Joke about (sth.) / with (sb.) 拿谋事开玩笑，与某人开玩笑4. in someones stead5. in communion with 与感情思想交流6. fail apart 分裂,24,Unit SixWhat words can you associate with the pictures?,choosy a.malicious a.reveal v.,25,intuition n.merchant n. brilliant a.,infect v.destined a.samurai n.,26,archer n.arrow n.accumulate v.,bachelor n.shortly munion n.,27,thrust n.tension n.earring n.,fulfil v.respectably ad.odd a.,28,edge n.irritated a.split v.,immigrant n.apprentice n.poker n.,29,1. immigrant n. 移民2. brilliant a. 极聪明的3. merchant n. 商人4. apprentice v. 当学徒5. samurai n. 武士6. thrust n. 刺戳7. archer n. 弓箭手8. arrow n. 箭9. accumulate v. 积聚10. intuition n. 直觉11. tap n. 轻敲12. tension n. 张力11. split v. （使）裂开,30,14. choosy a. 挑剔的15. edge n. 尖刻16. irritated a. 恼怒的17. malicious a. 恶意的18. fulfil v. 履行责任19. respectably ad. 体面的20. poker n. 扑克牌游戏21. bachelor n. 单身汉22. shortly ad.23. reveal v. 显示（出）24. communion n. 交流25. earring n. 耳环26. odd a. 不寻常的27. infect v. 感染28. destined a. 预定的,31,1. be to do with 与有关2. be cit out for 有从事（某种工作）的才能3. joke about (sth.) / with (sb.) 拿谋事开玩笑，与某人开玩笑4. in someones stead5. in communion with 与感情思想交流6. fail apart 分裂,32,words related to jewels: precious stone 宝石 gem 宝石；珠宝 ruby 红宝石 sapphire 蓝宝石 emerald 祖母绿；绿宝石 opal 蛋白石 jade 玉，翡翠 amber 琥珀 jet 黑玉 topaz 黄晶，黄玉 pearl 珍珠,33,2. His father was to do with diamonds: When you say somebody is to do with something, it means he is destined to be related to something. e.g. Their conversation had been largely to do with work. Im sorry about the accident, but its nothing to do with me. 3. as had been his father: In this sentence, “as” is used to introduce a nonrestrictive attributive clause. This usage is frequently found in English. e.g. Sophia is not unconscious, as could be judged from her eyes. He is absent, as is often the case. When “as” is used to introduce attributive clauses, it is more often found together with “such” or “same”. e.g. He is not such a fool as he looks.,34,4. be true of / for: Something that is true of a group of people relates to all the people in that group. e.g. Parents of young children often become depressed, and this is especially true of single parents. Im very sorry that youve decided to leave, and Im sure that holds true for everyone else here.5. brilliant VS stupid: These two words are opposite in meaning when used to modify a person. e.g. a brilliant idea / invention / scientist a stupid person / idea It was stupid of you to turn it upside down without closing the lid.6. in particular: especially. e.g. I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an unusual color.,35,7. be cut out for sth. / to do sth.: 天生适合于 e.g. Im not cut out for city life. Bill was never cut out to be a parent.8. be apprenticed to : 成为学徒 e.g. She was apprenticed to a plumber(管道工)。 “apprentice(学徒)” can be also used as a noun. e.g. an apprentice electrician 电工学徒 take on a new apprentice 收学徒9. intuition n. 直觉（力） e.g. know sth. by intuition base ones judgment on intuition My intuition told me he wasnt to be trusted.,36,10. tension 1) n. 张力 e.g. The wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking. 2) n. (金属线、绳索、人体等) 绷紧（的程度） e.g. When he tightened the guitar string, it snapped under the tension. 3) n. 紧张；焦虑；焦急 e.g. Tension mounted (=increased) as we waited for the exam results to be published. 4) n. (一般用复数)紧张关系；紧张局势 e.g. reduce/ defuse international tension 缓和/消除国际紧张局势 The border dispute has been a continuing source of tension.,37,11. split vi / vt. 分裂；分开 e.g. Rutherford discovered how to split the atom by fission(裂变)。 The river splits into three smaller streams at this point.12. had families: had children (family=children). e.g. Have you any family?13. take ones time: 拖拉，慢吞吞 e.g. The workmen seem to be taking their time over repairing the road.14. joke about/ with: 开玩笑；说笑话 e.g. You must not joke with him about religion.15. choosy a. 挑剔的；难伺候的 e.g. He is very choosy about what he eats.,38,16. edge n. 尖刻 e.g. The remark has a biting edge to it.评语很尖刻。17. irritate vt. 激怒；使烦躁 e.g. Her habit of biting her nails irritates me. irritable a. 易怒的；易躁的 e.g. He gets irritable when hes got toothache. irritation n. 激怒；恼怒；生气 e.g. “Dont be so silly! ” he said with some irritation.,39,18. malicious a. 恶意的；恶毒的 e.g. a malicious attack on his reputation malice n. 恶意；害人之心 e.g. He got no advantage out of it; he did it from pure malice.19. bachelor: 1) n. 未婚男子；单身汉 e.g. a bachelor flat 单身公寓 2) n. 拥有学士学位的人 e.g. a Bachelor of Arts 文学士 a Bachelor of Science 理学士 bachelors degree学士学位,40,20. in someones stead: （正式）代替某人 e.g. The president is unable to attend, but will send the foreign minister in his stead.21. in communion with: (formal) in special relationship with someone or something which makes you feel that you understand them very well. e.g. He lived in close communion with nature / God. commune v. 密切关系 e.g. Lying in the grass, among the trees and birds, he felt he had communed with nature.,41,22. fall apart: to break (into pieces).分裂；破碎；崩溃 e.g. The old book fell apart in my hands.23. He should have flown home again: “should have +V-ed” refers to obligation unfulfilled, that is, an action which should take place in the past was actually not performed. e.g. You should have switched off the electric current. 你本应该把电源切断。24. odd a. 不寻常的；古怪的 e.g. odd behavior /people Its very odd that she didnt answer my phone. odd number 奇数 odd jobs 零活 odds and ends 零碎的东西,42,25. an odd chance that-unusual: “that” here is an adverb of degree, which means “so” or “ to such a degree”. e.g. It wasnt that good, actually. We havent seen all that much of her recently.26. destined a. 预定的；注定的； 命中注定的 e.g. They were destined never to see each other again. Beautiful and young, she seems destined for stardom at Holly wood.,43,27. infect 1) vt. （感情上）感染（别人） e.g. She infected the whole class with her enthusiasm. 2) vt. （疾病）传染（别人） e.g. The open wood soon became infected. Infection n. 传染；感染 e.g. a lung/chest infection infectious a. 传染性的 e.g. Colds are infectious.,44,. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings provided. Put the following words or expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text. Word study: For each of the following clues. Use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.,Exercises,45,1. What did Ephraims brothers do for a livelihood? The key comes from Paragraph 1: Diamond merchants. 2. What can be learned about the city of Johannesburg? The key comes from Paragraph 1: A city with many immigrants, a little over a century old. 3. What career arrangement was made for young Ephraim? The key comes from Paragraph 1: He was apprenticed to an uncle to learn the trade of diamond-cutting.,46,4. Why is diamondcutting compared to a samurais sword-thrust? The key comes from Paragraph 2: Spend time, study carefully, accumulate powers of attention, memory, intuition, accurate.5. What a life was Ephraim leading when he turned to be middle- aged? The key comes from Paragraph 3: He was joked by others. He was a good son, working nicely under his uncle ,and living respectably at home, and on Sunday nights playing poke with bachelor friends. He was alone in the family house after his father died. People stopped noticing him.,47,6. What did people think of Ephraim before he was recognized as one of the worlds master diamond-cutters? The key comes from Paragraph 3: His family said that he was choosy, and remain silent when others talked of him with that edge on their voice, irritated, a little malicious, even frightened, which is caused by those men and women who refuse to fulfil the ordinary purposes of nature. But some kind people said he was a good son.7. Why was Ephraim asked to fly to Alexandria for a special job? The key comes from Paragraph 4: He went there for a special job instead of a senior person, who was ill. He wished only the best for the diamond. Ephraim, revealed by this happening as one of the worlds master diamond-cutters.,48,8. What was the uncut diamond bought for? The key comes from Paragraph 4: A rich merchant had an uncut diamond as a present for his daughter, who was to be married shortly.9. Where did Ephraim stay when he cut the rich merchants diamond? The key comes from Paragraph 4: He spent some days in communion with the stone in a quiet room in the merchants house, and then caused it fall apart into three lovely pieces for one ring, two earrings.10. Whom did Ephraim meet at the merchants dinner? The key comes from Paragraph 5: He met the girl for whom the jewels were destined.,49,( ) 1. The main idea of the story is that _. a. Ephraim was bl