American-Literature--Theodore-Dreiser.ppt

美国文学课件制作人 谭宗燕 1 PartIVTheodoreDreiser 1871 1945 I Assignment checkingII WorkonTheodoreDreiserIII ShortSummaryIV After classAssignments 2 StepIAssignmentchecking ReviewJackLondonClassificationofhisworksBuckcharacterizationThemesWritingstylePreviewTheodoreDreiserLifestoryMainworksStoryofSisterCarrie 3 StepIIWorkonTheodoreDreiser Americannovelist journalistofthenaturalistschooloneoftheleadingliteraryfigurestoemploynaturalisminhiswritings美国评论家把德莱塞跟福克纳 海明威并列为第一次世界大战后美国的三大小说家 德莱塞在 嘉丽妹妹 里满怀同情地刻画了嘉丽利用自己性的魅力改变了自己的命运 正是由于德莱塞真实地描写了芝加哥以及美国城市迅速腾飞的原始动力才赢得了当时众多年轻追随者和崇拜者 德莱塞之前和之后的美国文学的变化就如达尔文之前和之后生物学上的变化一样大 德莱塞 是美国最后一位毫无窘迫或者俯就地直接为大众 也就是直接为大众进行创作的一位大作家 他是一股强大的原动力 使美国文化在传达性行为 心理和政治原动力方面更全面更率直 4 OutlineofDreiser 1 LifeExperience2 Dreiser smajorworks3 AnalysisofSisterCarrie4 TheodoreDreiser swritingstyle5 Dreiser sliterarynaturalism 5 1 LifeExperience borninTerreHaute Indiana spenthischildhoodinbitterpoverty lackingeducation skillandstatus Fromtheageoffifteen heearnedmeagersupportfromavarietyofmenialjobs attendedanIndianahighschoolandthendroppedouttoseekjobsinChicago OneteacherrecognizedhistalentandinsistedonlendinghimmoneytogotoIndianaUniversityin1889 6 LifeExperience From1892to1902 heworkedasanitinerantjournalist In1990 Dreiser sfirstnovelSisterCarriewaspublished In1904 hewasonthewaytoseveralsuccessfulyearsasaneditor In1910 heresignedtowriteJennieGerhardt 7 LifeExperience In1925 hisnovelAnAmericanTragedyPublished In1927 hevisitedtheSovietUnionandpublishedDreiserLooksatRussia In1945 hejoinedtheCommunistPartyofAmerica OnDec 28diedofheartfailureinHollywood 8 9 2 MajorWorks SisterCarrie1900 greatestofallAmericanurbannovels JennieGerhardt1911TheTrilogyofDesire TheFinancier1912TheTitan1914TheStoic posthumously 1947TheGenius autobiographical AnAmericanTragedy1925masterpieceDreiserLooksatRussia1928 10 AnAmericanTragedy peakofhisliterarycareerhisfirstcommercialsuccesspublishedin1925madeintoafilmin1931andagainin1951Timemagazineincludeditinits100BestEnglish languageNovelsfrom1923to2005list 11 AnAmericanTragedy ItisadetailedportrayalofthedarksideoftheAmericanDream thestoryofwhatcanhappenwhenanordinaryman sdesireforwealthandstatusoverwhelms ClydeGriffiths hismoralsense Fortunehuntingbecameadisease murderformoney 12 JennieGerhardt apoorgirlJennyfellinlovewithSenatorGeorgeBrander buttheSenatordied leavingherandtheirdaughter 13 Whensheworkedasamaid shemetLesterKane amanufacturer sson Jenniefellinlovewithhimandbecamehismistress howeverbecauseofhisfamily sdisapproval theyseparated Atlast Jennielostherdaughtertotyphoid伤寒 14 3 AnalysisofSisterCarrie 15 SisterCarrier Dreiser sfirstnovel Becauseitdepictedsocialtransgressionsbyusing strong languageandusednamesoflivingpersons itwasvirtuallysuppressedbyitspublisher 16 SisterCarrie 通过农村姑娘嘉莉到芝加哥谋生而成为名演员的故事 揭露了资本主义社会繁荣的表面底下的失业 贫困和饥饿 对美国贫富对立的社会作了深刻的描写 嘉莉妹妹 用巴尔扎克式的现实主义写作手法为美国文学开创了一个新的天地 它虽在美国被禁 后来却在英国出版 1907年终于在美国再次出版 17 a Plotsummary Ittellsthestoryoftwocharacters CarrieMeeber anordinarygirlwhorisesfromalow paidwageearnertoahigh paidactress andGeorgeHurstwood amemberoftheuppermiddleclasswhofallsfromhiscomfortablelifestyletoalifeonthestreets NeitherCarrienorHurstwoodearntheirfatesthroughvirtueorvice butratherthroughrandomcircumstance Theirsuccessesandfailureshavenomoralvalue thisstancemarksSisterCarrieasadeparturefromtheconventionalliteratureoftheperiod 18 19 b Characters Caroline Carrie Meeber theprotagonist travelstoChicagotostaywithhersisterandherbrother in law ThecosmopolitanconsumerworldofChicagoenthrallsher andsheconstantlywantstobuythings Herfirstjobisalow paid arduouspositioninafactory Whenshelosesherjob hersisterandbrother in lawcannotsupporther soshebecomesCharlieDrouet smistress Afterward shebecomesinfatuatedwithGeorgeHurstwood CarrieandHurstwoodruntoNewYork wheretheydiscoverthatmarriedlifeisfarlessexcitingthantheiraffair CarrieleavesHurstwoodbecausehefailstoprovideherwiththelavishlifeshewants Shebecomesafamous high paidactressinNewYork 20 CharlieDrouet acharming flashysalesmanwithastrongappetiteforromance Althoughheiswarm hearted henevertakesanyofhisromanticaffairsseriously HeprovidesCarriewithaplacetostayaftersheisforcedtostoplivingwithhersister healsopromisestomarryher butheneverreallyintendsonfollowingthrough HelosesCarrietoHurstwoodandthen yearslater aftershehasbecomeafamousactress triesunsuccessfullytowinherback 21 GeorgeHurstwood themanagerofFitzgeraldandMoy s asalooninChicago HefallsinlovewithCarrieaftermeetingherthroughDrouet HetellsCarriethathelovesher buthefailstomentionthatheismarried AfterhiswifediscovershisaffairwithCarrieandfilesfordivorce hestealstenthousanddollarsandfleeswithCarrietoMontreal There hemarriesherbeforehisdivorcewithJuliaiscomplete AlthoughhekeepshistheftasecretfromCarrie heisdiscoveredbyaninvestigatorandrequiredtoreturnmostofthemoneyinordertoprotecthisreputation InNewYork Hurstwoodslowlydescendsintoapathyandpoverty AfterCarrieleaveshim hebecomesahomelessbeggarandeventuallycommitssuicide 22 ChapterIWhenagirlleaveshomeateighteen shedoesoneoftwothings Eithershefallsintosavinghandsandbecomesbetter orsherapidlyassumesthecosmopolitanstandardofvirtueandbecomesworse 一个十八岁的姑娘离家出门 她的遭遇不外乎两种 不是碰到有人相助而好起来 就是迅即接受花花世界的道德标准而堕落下去 23 Studyingquestions 1 WhatdidSisterCarrieownwhensheboardedthetrainforChicago WhydoesDreisercarefullycataloguesinspecificdetaileverythingCarrieowns 2 WhydoesCarriehesitatetogiveDrouetheraddressinChicago WhydoenotshewanthersistertoseeherwithDrouetatthestation 24 1 WhatdidSisterCarrieownwhensheboardedthetrainforChicago WhydoesDreisercarefullycataloguesinspecificdetaileverythingCarrieowns OneofthebiggestchangesthatcapitalismbroughttoAmericanculturewasanoverwhelmingemphasison conspicuousconsumption orthepurchasingofgoodsandservicesinsuchawaythatone sbuyingpowerbecomesimmediatelyevident DreisercarefullycataloguesinspecificdetaileverythingCarrieowns acheapimitationalligator skinsatchel ayellowleathersnappurse andfourdollars BecauseCarriecannotaffordarealalligatorskinsatchel butstillwantsthestatusthatconspicuousconsumptionwouldgiveher sheownsthecheapimitation Ineffect conspicuousconsumptionofgenuineluxuriesproducedamarketforcheaperimitations 25 BecauseweknowsolittleaboutCarrie sidentity ourfirstimpressionofherisformednotbyheractionsorheropinionsbutbyherbelongings Dreiser sdescriptionofherendswiththeexactamountofmoneysheholds Thisemphasisonmoneywillbeaprimarythemethroughouttherestofthenovel Inadditiontorepresentingconsumerism CarriealsoservesasasymboloftheAmericanmiddleclass Carrieis ambitioustogaininmaterialthings HerpersonalityreflectsthematerialdesiresofthegrowingAmericanmiddleclass Shewantstoaccumulatematerialpossessionsbecausesheknowsthatitisthesurestroutetohighstatus 26 2 WhydoesCarriehesitatetogiveDrouetheraddressinChicago WhydoenotshewanthersistertoseeherwithDrouetatthestation In1889theUnitedStateseconomywasexpandingrapidly Becauselargecitieswerecentersofintenseeconomicactivity peoplelookingforworkconvergedonthem Theneedforlaborwassogreatthatnotonlymen butalsolargenumbersofyoung unmarriedwomenenteredtheworkforce However althoughsinglewomenwerenowfreertomovearound theywerestillsubjecttotheconventionalrulesthatgovernedtheirrelationshipswithmen 27 WhenCarrienoticesDrouet sinterestinher shewaversbetweenpleasureandreserve Althoughsheisnolongerundertheconstantsurveillanceofherparents hersocialconditioningstillrestrainsher AlthoughsheseemstowanttopursuearelationshipwithDrouet shefeelscompelledtohideherdesirebecausesucharelationshipwouldbe improper accordingtoconventionalvalues Carrie sattractionforhimlieslargelyinhisbuyingpower Hisexpensive flashyclothingandadornmentspromiseherthepleasuresofmaterialwealth ThisisthefirstofmanyinstancesinSisterCarrieinwhichweseeaconsumer smentalitygoverncharacters interpersonalrelationships 28 c ThemesofSisterCarrie AmericanDreamChangeandTransformationChoicesandConsequencesWealthandPovertySexHowshouldweliveinmodernworld Whatisyourideallife Whatshouldwepursue 29 4 HisStyle Hisstyleisnotpolishedbutveryseriousandwellcalculatedtoachievethethematicendshesought Hiswritingsappearmoreinclusiveandlessselective andthereadersaresometimesburdenedwithmassivedetaileddescriptionsofcharactersandevents 30 1 Withoutgoodstructure 2 Deficientcharacterization 3 Lackinimagination 4 Journalisticmethod 5 Techniquesinpainting 31 5 Dreiser sliterarynaturalism Asagenre naturalismemphasizedheredityandenvironmentasimportantdeterministicforcesshapingindividualizedcharacterswhowerepresentedinspecialanddetailedcircumstances Manisa victimofforcesoverwhichhehasnocontrol Lifeis sosad sostrange somysteriousandsoinexplicable 32 SisterCarriebestembodiesDreiser snaturalisticbeliefthatmenarecontrolledandconditionedbyheredity instinctandchance ToSisterCarrie theworldiscoldandharsh Aloneandhelpless shemovesalonglikeamechanismdrivenbydesireandcatchesblindlyatanyopportunitiesforabetterexistence opportunitiesasofferedfirstbyDroust andthenbyHurstwood 33 StepIIISummary MajorworksThemesWritingstyle 34 StepIVAfter classassignments PreviewPartV Whatismodernism WhatisImagismandits3principles WhatarethemajorpoemsofEzraPound ReadInaStationoftheMetro 35 Exam relatedExercises 1 TheodoreDreiserbelongstothestreamofA NaturalismB RealismC RomanticismD Modernism2 AllthefollowinghaveexertedgreatinfluenceonTheodoreDreiserexceptA CharlesDarwinB ThomasHuxleyC HerbertSpencerD KarlMarx 36 3 ChoosefromthefollowingtheworkswrittenbyTheodoreDreiserA TheCalloftheWildB AnAmericanTradegyC Main TraveledRoadsD TheLuckofRoaringCamp4 AllthefollowingworksbelongtonaturalismexceptA TheCalloftheWildB AnAmericanTragedyC Main TraveledRoadsD SisterCarrier 37 5 isthefirstnovelbyTheodoreDreiserA SisterCarrierB AnAmericanTragedyC TheFinancierD JennieGerhardt6 ThefollowingformtheTrilogyofDesirebyTheodoreDreiserexceptTheFinancierB TheTitanC TheStoicD TheGolden Bowl 38 7 ThepessimismanddeterministicideasofnaturalismpervadedtheworksofsuchAmericanwritersas A StephenCraneB FrankNorrisC JackLondonD HenryJamesE TheodoreDreiser 39 8 TheLureoftheSpirit TheFleshinPursuit isthetitleofonechapterinDreiser snovel A AnAmericanTragedyB SisterCarrieC DreiserLooksatRussiaD JennieGerhardt9 TheodoreDreiserwasleft orientedinhisviews HevisitedRussiaandwroteand toexpresshisnewfaith andshortlybeforehisdeath hejoinedtheCommunistParty A DreiserLooksatRussiaB TragicAmericaC AnAmericanTragedyD TheTitan 40 10 TheodoreDreiserisgenerallyregardedasoneofAmerica s A naturalistsB realistsC modernistsD romanticists 41 Identification Whenagirlleaveshomeateighteen shedoesoneoftwothings Eithershefallsintosavinghandsandbecomesbetter orsherapidlyassumesthecosmopolitanstandardofvirtueandbecomesworse Nametheworkandtheauthoroftheselection Whoisthegirlintheselection Whatisherfateinthisnovel Howdoyouunderstand thecosmopolitanstandardofvirtue Isthereanynaturalisttendencyinthispassage 42 Appreciation Legacy AlfredKazincharacterizedDreiseras strongerthanalltheothersofhistime andatthesametimemorepoignant greaterthantheworldhehasdescribed butassignificantasthepeopleinit 43 Renownedmid centuryliterarycriticIrvingHowespokeofDreiseras amongtheAmericangiants oneoftheveryfewAmericangiantswehavehad Dreiser sgreatthemewasthetremendoustensionsthatcanariseamongambition desire andsocialmores 44 In2008 theLibraryofAmericaselectedDreiser sarticle DreiserSeesErrorinEdwardsDefense forinclusioninitstwo centuryretrospectiveofAmericanTrueCrime 45 Laterlife Inhislaterlife Dreiserbecameinterestedinsocialism visitingtheSovietUnionasaguestofthegovernment In1945 DreiserjoinedtheAmericanCommunistPartyjustbeforehisdeath 46 Inthelasttwodecadesofhislife hehadalwayspridedhimselfonbeingwhathecalled radicallyAmerican DreiserjoinedmanyAmericanintellectualswhoseidealizationoftheSovietUnionwasstimulatedbytheeconomicbreakdownandsocialmalaiseoftheDepressionyears 47 1944 traveledtoNewYorktoreceivetheAwardofMeritfromtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters 1945 DreiserdiedofheartfailureathishomeinHollywood Californiaattheageof74 onDecember28 HewasburiedatForestLawnCemeteryinHollywood 48 DowntownTerreHaute lookingsouthwest 49 50 51 TheSampleGates 52 Library 53 StudentBuilding 54 CityofWarsaw Indiana 55 56 KyraMarkham 1891 1967 wasanactress figurativepainterandprintmaker 57 CityofPineville 58 Harlan 59 AlfredKazinwasanAmericanwriterandliterarycritic manyofwhosewritingsdepictedtheimmigrantexperienceinearlytwentiethcenturyAmerica 60 IrvingHowe June11 1920 May5 1993 wasanAmericanliteraryandsocialcriticandaprominentfigureoftheDemocraticSocialistsofAmerica 61 TheLibraryofAmerica LoA isanonprofitpublisherofclassicAmericanliterature VolumesintheLibraryofAmericaseries 62 TheSovietUnionwasoneofthedominantpoliticalentitiesofthetwentiethcentury TheofficialnamewastheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics USSR TheRussianRevolutionbroughttopowerthefirstcommunistpartyinhistory SovietCoatofArms 63 64 ModernHollywood 65 66 67 68 Thankyou 69 JohannPaulDresser Jr April22 1857 January31 1906 wasapopularAmericansongwriterofthelate19thcenturyandearly20thcentury 70 Works MajorWorks 1 SisterCarrie 嘉莉妹妹 1900 2 JennieGerhardt 珍妮姑娘 1911 3 TheTrilogyofDesire 欲望三步曲 1 TheFinancier 金融家 1912 2 TheTitan 巨人 1914 3 TheStoic 斯尔葛 1947 4 TheGenius 天才 1915 5 AnAmericanTragedy 美国的悲剧 1925 6 TheBulwark 堡垒 1946 71 SisterCarrietellsthestoryoftwocharacters CarrieMeeber anordinarygirlwhorisesfromalow paidwageearnertoahigh paidactress andGeorgeHurstwood amemberoftheuppermiddleclasswhofallsfromhiscomfortablelifestyletoalifeonthestreets NeitherCarrienorHurstwoodearntheirfatesthroughvirtueorvice butratherthroughrandomcircumstance Theirsuccessesandfailureshavenomoralvalue thisstancemarksSisterCarrieasadeparturefromtheconventionalliteratureoftheperiod Summary 72 PLOT DissatisfiedwithlifeinherruralWisconsinhome 18 year oldCaroline SisterCarrie MeebertakesthetraintoChicago whereheroldersisterMinnie andherhusbandSvenHanson haveagreedtotakeherin Carrietakesajobrunningamachineinashoefactory Oneday afteranillnessthatcostsherjob sheencountersDrouetonastreet Hepersuadeshertoleavehersisterandmoveinwithhim 73 Drouetinstallsherinamuchlargerapartment andtheirrelationshipintensifiesasMinniedreamsabouthersister sfallfrominnocence BythetimeDrouetintroducesCarrietoGeorgeHurstwood themanagerofFitzgeraldandMoy s Hurstwood becomesinfatuatedwithCarrie syouthandbeauty theystartanaffair communicatingandmeetingsecretlyintheexpanding anonymouscity 74 Drouetdiscovershehasbeencuckolded CarrielearnsthatHurstwoodismarried andHurstwood swife Julia learnsfromanacquaintancethatHurstwoodhasbeenoutdrivingwithanotherwomananddeliberatelyexcludedherfromtheElkstheatrenight HurstwoodmollifiesCarriebyagreeingtomarryher andthecouplemovetoNewYorkCity 75 InNewYork HurstwoodandCarrierentaflatwheretheyliveasGeorgeandCarrieWheeler Hurstwoodbuysaminorityinterestinasaloon atfirst isabletoprovideCarriewithasatisfactory Afteronlyafewyears thesaloon slandlordsellsthepropertyandHurstwood sbusinesspartnerexpresseshisintenttoterminatethepartnership CarrieturnstoNewYork stheatresforemploymentandbecomesachorusgirl HurstwoodultimatelyjoinsthehomelessofNewYork takingoddjobs fallingillwithpneumonia andfinallybecomingabeggar 76 Themes AmericanDreamEachofDreiser scharactersinSisterCarriesearchfortheirown AmericanDreams theonesofferedbyagrowingandprosperousdemocraticcountry Carrie apoorcountrygirl arrivesinChicago filledwiththeexpectationsofacquiringthefinerthingsinlife 77 ChangeandTransformationCarrieandHurstwoodundergodramaticchangesfromthebeginningofthenoveltotheend Thoughgradual theirtransformationscreateimmediaterepercussionsalongtheway ChoicesandConsequencesHurstwoodmakesonechoicethatdramaticallyaffectstherestofhislife Whileallchoicesresultinconsequences thoseconsequencescanbepositiveornegative Hurstwood sdecisiontotakethemoneyfromhisemployer ssafestartshisdownwardspiraltohiseventualsuicide 78 SexIntheearly1900s themoralsandvirtuesoftheVictorianerastillguidedpeople sactions Peoplewithproperupbringingdidnotspeakofsex ThepublicwasshockedthatDreiser scharacterssoopenlyparticipatedinexplicitrelationshipsandthatDreiserseemedtocondoneit 79 ClassConflictIndustrialgrowthbroughttheUnitedStatesaperiodofprosperityduringthelate1800sandearly1900s Factoryworkers however notonlyearnedlowincomes buttheyalsoworkedlonghours Consequently awidedivisionexistedbetweenthewealthyandthepoor ThroughoutSisterCarrie thedistinctionbetweensocialclassesisobvious Theclothespeoplewear thehomesinwhichtheylive andtheactivitiesinwhichtheyareinvolveddistinguishtherichfromthepoor 80 IdentityExperiencescontributegreatlytoshapingpeople sidentities Carrie stransformationfromthebeginningofthenoveltotheendoccursasaresultofherresponsestoherexperiences sheneverreallyhasanidentitybutadjustsher act tofitthesituation 81 Characters CarolineMeeber a k a Carrie ayoungwomanfromruralWisconsin theprotagonist MinnieHanson Carrie sdoureldersisterwholivesinChicagoandputsheruponarrival SvenHanson Minnie shusband ofSwedishextractionandtaciturntemperament CharlesH Drouet abuoyanttravelingsalesmanCarriemeetsonthetraintoChicago GeorgeW Hurstwood awell to do sophisticatedmanwhomanagesFitzgeraldandMoy sresort 82 JuliaHurstwood George sstrong willed social climbingwife JessicaHurstwood GeorgeandJulia sdaughter whoshareshermother saspirationstosocialstatus GeorgeHurstwood Jr GeorgeandJulia sson TheVances awealthymerchantandhiswife wholiveinthesamebuildingasHurstwoodandCarrieinNewYorkCity RobertAmes Mrs Vance scousinfromIndiana ahandsomeyoungscholarwhomCarrieregardsasamaleideal LolaOsborne achorusgirlCarriemeetsduringatheatreproductioninNewYork whoencouragesCarrietobecomeherroommate 83 Plotsummary JennieGerhardt adestituteyoungwoman whilstworkinginahotelinColumbus Consequently shemeetsLesterKane aprosperousmanufacturer sson JenniefallsinlovewithhimandtheyvisitNewYorktogether 84 Onhearingthewill sterms itisJenniewhodemandsthattheyseparate Kane afterprovidingforher marriesLettyandresumeshisformersocialstatus Jennielosesherdaughtertotyphoidandadoptstwoorphans butthroughitall continuestolovehim Kanebecomesill tellsJenniehestilllovesher andshetendshimuntilhisdeath mourningsecretlyathisfuneral 85 86 Plotsummary TheambitiousbutimmatureCl