词汇最后一讲.doc

高中英语词汇复习纲要形似词1. aboard abroad 2. adopt adapt 3.altitude attitude4. angel angle 5. architect 建筑师 architectecture 建筑， 建筑学6. Arctic Antarctic Atlantic 7. arise arouse8. award reward 9. bath bathe 10. present; peasant; parent 11. college, village , knowledge, message passage storage voyage 12. assess access 13. attack attract 14. beside besides15. board broad 16. aboard abroad17. breath breathe 18. company accompany19. confident 自信的 confidential 机密的20. conscience n. 良心，良知 conscious adj. 意识到， 注意到21. considerate adj. 体贴的 considerable adj. 相当多的， 可考虑的22. contact n. 联系， 接触 contract n. 合同 contrast n/v 对比23. content n. 目录，内容 contest 比赛 context n. 上下文，语境 directory 目录24. contrary a. 相反的 country n. 国家，乡村 county n. 县25. custom n. 风俗，习俗 customs n. （单数） 海关 consume v. 消耗26. data 数据 date 27. dawn 黎明 down28. delicate a. 精致的 dedicate vt. 奉献 29. fellow follow30. flesh fresh 31. late later latter latest lately 32. principle principal 33. release relieve 34. reward award 35. rough tough36. invention invitation 37. sign sigh38. statue status 39. thorough through though thought 40. precious 珍贵的 previous 先前的 41.medal metal mental 42. access assess 43. wonder wander 44. chicken kitchen45. quantity quality 46.vocation 职业 vacation 假日or 结尾author, bachelor ,conductor, competitor, director, calculator , creator n.创造者；创作者, educator 教育者, -governor n.统治者, 管理者, translator, visitor, monitor n. 班长survivor n. 幸存者 , editor n. 编辑, emperor n. 皇帝, error n. 错误ambassador, ancestor, factor , inventor, mirror, motor, operator, professor, refrigerator， mayor, major, sailor, sector,factor, sponsor, tailor ,terror, tutor单数变复数特例 细菌bacteriabacterium datadatum media-medium analysis-analyses basis-bases crisis-crisescriterioncriteria phenomenon-phenomenadescribedescription explain-explanation destroydestruction加后缀去e: 以ve,ue结尾的词 去e加ly 以le结尾的词 去e加y其他以e结尾的词 一律加ly nice-nicely , wise-wisely , polite-politely1. argue (v.) 争辩，辩论argument (n.) 注意： achievement, improvement2. believe (v.) - believable (a.) 3. value n. valuable a.4. true-truly 5. gentle-gently 6. possible-possibly 加后缀不去eabsolute (a.) 绝对的；完全的-absolutely (adv.)accurate (a.) 正确的，精确的accurately (adv.)achieve (v.) 取得，达到 - achievement (n.)amuse (v.) 使快乐 - amusement (n.)announce (v.) 宣布, 宣告 - announcement (n.)arrange (v.) 安排 - arrangement (n.) change n changeable adj.可改变的deliberate adj. deliberately adv.故意地-fortunate adj. -fortunately adv.improve v.改善, 改进-improvement n. 改进, 进步manage -management n.经营,peace （和平）/n.-peaceful /adj.require (需求)/v-requirement /nseparate a.-separately adv. 以cial 结尾artificial beneficial commercial official social financial racial种族的，人种的superficial（表面的）以tial结尾的单词initial adj.开始的，最初的n.（常pl.）（姓名等）首字母substantial adj.大量的；牢固的；实质的，真实的essential（必不可少的）potential （可能的）influential （有影响的）partial （偏爱的）confidential 机密的以ary 结尾boundary contrary contemporary literary military necessary primary salarysecondary secretary summary vocabulary voluntary ory 结尾dormitory factory history memory theory victory 注意destroy ery 结尾nursery scenery slavery surgery 结尾的r双写preferpreferred transfer transferred refer-referred occuroccurred inferred不双写suffer -suffered, offeroffered, difered, 特殊过去式，过去分词1. bleed bled bled , 2. bend bent bent send sent sent3. flee v. 逃避, 逃跑, 逃走 -fled-fled4. blow blew blown, throwthrew-thrown grow vi.生长, 成长, 渐渐变得, 增长, 增高 vt. 种植-(grew, grown)-growth n. 但， flow n.流程, 流动, vi.流动, 涌流( flowed, flowed)5. burst burst burst6. hide vt.隐藏, 掩藏, 隐瞒, 掩饰-(hid-hidden) 7. beat beat beaten8. mean meant meant9. deal dealt dealt10. shake v.,-shook,-shaken11. sink vi (sank,sunk)下沉 spring sprang sprung shrink shrank shrunk12. bitebitbitten 13. seek-soughtsought14. shine -shone-shone15. slide - slid -slid16. stickstuckstuck strikestruck-struck/stricken17. sweep -sweptswept18. swingswang - swung 19. teartoretorn wearworeworn 20. wind -woundwound词的特殊意义1. weather vt.平安渡过; 挨过The country had weathered a serious crisis.weather the storm战胜暴风雨We have weathered another war.vi.经过风暴、危险、困难而安然度过It was a difficult time for her, but she weathered through beautifully.2. air vt. & vi.晾晒, 烘干The straw mattresses are airing there.播送, 广播The program airs daily.vt.使房间通风, 透气We air the room by opening the windows.n. 外观, 态度, 风度, 风格, 气派a concerned air关切的神情He has an air of mystery.他态度神秘。He put on high airs with his learning.他以饱学而自傲。3. perfect vt.使完美; 改善He went to Italy to perfect his singing voice.他去意大利提高自己的歌唱技艺。4. better vt.改善; 提高The government hopes to better the conditions of the workers.5. must n.必须做的事, 必不可少的事物Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.6. well adv. 很, 相当 You may well be right.很可能是你对。He must be well over fifty.他一定大大超过五十岁了。It may well be that.那很可能是.Well begun is half done.谚良好的开端, 成功的一半。Well fed, well bred.谚吃得饱, 懂礼貌。vi.(液体)涌出; 流出; 涌流Oil welled out of the ground.易忘形容词abrupt adj.突然的, 意外的his abrupt leave唐突的, 鲁莽的She always sounds abrupt on the telephone.abstract adj.抽象的 -concrete adj.实体的, 有形的,确实的, 明确的, 确定的absurd adj.荒谬的, 荒唐的fantastic, ridiculousabundant adj.大量的, 充足的 be abundant inacute adj.极大的, 严重的Theres an acute shortage of water.敏锐的, 深刻的, 剧烈的He is an acute observer.急性的They think his mothers illness is acute rather than chronic.adequate adj.充分的, 足够的There was adequate rain and snow last winter.适当的, 胜任的Though a bit too old, he is still adequate to the work.指“足够符合特定(有时可指最低)的资格、分量、才能等”着重“符合一个客观要求或标准的”enough 系常用词,它除表示“足以满足需要的”外, 还含有“数量很多使人心满意足的”的意思sufficient 和enough 在含义上几乎没有差异，只是enough的用法较多，这两个词都表示“完全满足需要，而且既不多余，也不缺少”。ample adj.足够的The sun was setting fast, but there was still ample light.大量的, 丰富的The election was given ample coverage on TV.aggressive adj.好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的allergic adj.过敏的be allergic to be sensitive to alternative adj.两者择一的, 供替代的We returned by the alternative road.不寻常的, 非传统性的These are alternative medicine.非正统的This kind of newspaper is alternative press.n.取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting.选择的余地, 可供选择的机会Im afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police.amateur adj. n. 业余的, 非职业的, 外行的ambiguous adj.引起歧义的; 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的Its an ambiguous statement.appropriate adj.适当的, 恰当的approximately adv.近似地,大约arbitrary adj.随意的, 主观的, 专横的, 独断专行的authentic adj.真的, 真正的, 可靠的, 可信的awkward adj.笨拙的, 不灵活的, 难操纵的, 使用不便的, 尴尬的, 棘手的awesome adj.令人敬畏的; 使人畏惧的; 可怕的, 棒极了bureaucratic adj.官僚的, 官僚主义的, 官僚作风的casual adj.偶然的, 碰巧的, 临时的, 即席的, 不定期的, 不小心的, 疏忽的, 漫不经心的, 马虎的; 不规则的,随便的, 非正式的, 不费力的; 轻易的; 自然的a casual visitor不速之客a casual meeting偶然的聚会casual expenses临时费用a casual air满不在乎的态度dressed in casual clothes穿着便服clumsy adj.笨拙的, 笨重的compulsory adj.必须做的, 强制性的 - optionalconcrete adj.实体的, 有形的, 确实的, 明确的, 确定的-abstractconsistent adj.一贯的， 始终如一的, 和.一致的（with）contemporary adj.当代的, 同时代的, 同属一个时期的n.同代人, 同龄人 temporary adj.临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的 permanent adj.永久(性)的, 固定的contradictory adj.矛盾的; 抵触的. 矛盾的， 同.相反的（to）controversial adj.争论的； 引起争论的； 被议论的； 好议论的； 可疑的a controversial question引起争论的问题controversy n.公开辩论, 论战give rise to much controversy引起许多争论conventional adj.依照惯例的, 约定俗成的, 依照传统的cosy adj.温暖舒适的cute a. 可爱的，迷人的，漂亮的delicate a. 娇弱的, 纤细的, 易碎的, 脆弱的, 微妙的, 有技巧的, 得当的,精美的, 雅致的diverse adj.不同的, 多种多样的domestic adj.本国的, 国内的This is domestic news.家庭的, 家用的She does the domestic affairs every day.驯养的This cat is domestic.due adj.适当的; 应有的due reward应得报酬应做的; 应 得的; 正当的; 充分的; 足够的(to) after due discussion经过充分讨论(车、船等)预定应到的; 约定的; 预定的When is the train due at Shanghai?火车该什么时候到上海?应支付的; (票据等)到期的; 期满的When is my salary due?什么时候付我工资?应给予的; 应归于的; 起因于.; 由于a mistake due to carelessness由于粗心而犯的错误Respect is due to teachers.教师应受尊敬。dynamic adj.有活力的, 强有力的不断变化的This is a dynamic world.essential adj.必不可少的, 绝对必要的; 非常重要的Food is essential for life.本质的, 实质的, 基本的There are essential differences between the two.explicit adj.详述的, 明确的, 明晰的Its an explicit statement.直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的She was quite explicit about why she left.fantastic adj.荒诞的, 奇异的, 古怪的, 极大的, 异乎寻常的极好的, 极出色的, 了不起的What a fantastic goal!这球进得多漂亮！fascinating adj.迷人的, 有极大吸引力的flexible adj.易弯的, 挠性的, 有弹性的a flexible schedule柔韧的; 柔顺的灵活的; 可塑造的He has a flexible mind.former-latterfragile adj.易碎的, 脆的This glass disc looks very fragile.虚弱的, 脆弱的; 经不起折腾的The old lady was increasingly fragile after her operation.fragrant adj.芬芳的, 香的, 愉快的fragrant flowers香花fragrant memories愉快的回忆fundamental adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的Fresh air is fundamental to good healthgrateful adj.感恩激的, 致谢的a grateful letter感谢信be grateful to sb. for 感谢某人make a grateful acknowledgement for对 表示衷心的感谢可喜的, 令人愉快的a grateful rain一场喜雨moral adj.道德上的, 有道德的He turns every subject into a moral discussion.道义上的n.教育意义, 寓意, 道德, 品行, 道德规范outgoing outspoken outstandingprecise adj.精确的, 准确的， 明确的; (言语等)清晰的ridiculous adj.可笑的, 荒谬的rigid adj.坚挺的; 不能弯曲的, 刚硬的坚强的; 不屈的; 刚直的rigid in ones veiws意志坚定严格的; 严厉的; 严密的(实验等) rigid adherence to rules严守规则ripe adj.熟的; 时机成熟的; 准备好的be ripe for harvest已成熟, 可以收割成年的; 老练的ripe judgement experience成熟的判断经验rough adj.凹凸不平的; 粗糙的; 崎岖的a rough road崎岖的小路毛茸茸的, 蓬乱的rough hair乱蓬蓬的头发未加工的, 粗制的; 干粗活的rough hands粗糙的手粗略的, 大致的, 初步的, 草率的a rough estimate粗略的估计a rough guess瞎猜简陋的; 不讲究的a rough life艰苦的生活粗暴的; 无礼的a rough temper粗暴的脾气暴风雨的; 狂暴的, 剧烈的rough weather狂风暴雨的天气sceptical adj.不肯相信的; 常怀疑的 doubtfulshabby adj.褴褛的; 破旧的; 衣着不整齐的wearing a shabby overcoat穿着一件破旧的外衣be shabby in dress衣衫褴褛不公平的; 卑鄙的a shabby excuse不正当的藉口play a shabby trick玩弄卑鄙的手法shallow adj.浅的, 浅薄的, 肤浅的, 不认真的, 表面的shallow water浅水a shallow argument浅薄的议论a shallow mind浅薄的头脑significant adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的This is a significant contribution to knowledge.有意义的, 有用意的I dont think that is significant.意味深长的He gave her a significant look. of great significancesolid adj.固体的Ice is water in a solid state.实心的A bar of iron is solid; a pipe is hollow.结实的; 稳定的 lay a very solid foundation可靠的I know that James is a solid type of person.纯粹的; 纯质的; 纯色的The curtains are solid blue.n.固体Iron, wood and ice are solids.Sound adj.健全的, 完好的The child has a sound mind in a sound body.明智的, 有判断力的, 正确的Thats very sound advice; you should take it.彻底的, 完全的They made a sound investigation.stout adj.粗壮的; 结实的; 坚固的straight adj.直的, 笔直的There is a straight line under the sentence.连续的; 不间断的The straight flow of the brook formed a ravine.直率的He is straight in his dealings.adv.直接地; 径直地His hot pancakes are delicious, you buy them straight from the kitchen to eat in your hands.立即, 马上He went straight from school to university.Subjective adj.(思想、感情等)主观的, 主观的(以个人好恶、观点等为依据)objectiveSubject adj.常有常患, 常遭受的; 倾向于的He is subject to fever.须服从的; 受支配的We are subject to our countrys laws.受约束管辖的, 不独立的This is a subject tribe.取决于的, 有待于的The plan is subject to the managers approval.vt.使服从, 征服, 制伏He tried to subject the whole family to his will.straightforward adj.(人或其态度)正直的, 坦率的; She gave me a straightfor-ward answer.简单的; 易懂的This is a straightforward task.superb adj.卓越的, 杰出的, 极好的supreme adj.最高的; 至上的, 最重要的tentative adj.试探性的; 试验的; 尝试性的tight adj.牢的; 紧的take a tight hold of紧身的, 紧贴的a tight dress. (安排)紧凑的, 紧密的a very tight schedule tight security不漏的, 不透的银根紧的, 难借得到的Money is tight.tough adj.坚韧的He has a tough character.坚强的She is a tough person.粗暴的He is dreadfully tough.老的, 硬的The meat is too tough to eat.严格的, 强硬的They are very tough on drunk drivers.困难的This is a tough problem.rough adj.粗糙的; 不平的The rough road made the car vibrate.粗鲁的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 剧烈的Football is a rough sport.粗制的; 粗略的; 概略的As the jewel was in the rough state, he had no idea what size it would be when cut. (味道、声音等)令人不快的; 难吃的; 刺耳的The little boy has a rough tongue.不舒服We had rather a rough time.vt.过艰苦生活The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.unique adj.独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的I am in a rather unique position, as my job is different from anyone elses.异常的, 特有的, 少见的This is a rather unique position.universal adj.全体的His speech met with universal applause.广泛的, 普遍的Its a universal truth. universal rules一般的原则 在世界各地的, 世界性的Climate change is a universal problem.urgent adj.急迫的, 紧要的, 催促的vacant adj.未被占用的, 空的There were many vacant seats in the theatre. (指职位)空缺的Are there any vacant positions in your firm?茫然的, 空虚的He stared into space with a vacant expression.vague adj.模糊的Through the mist I could just make out a vague figure.含糊的, 不明确的, 不清楚的He had a vague idea of finding Anne and explaining it all to her.不具体的; 不精确的Our holiday plans are still rather vague.vain adj.自负的; 爱慕虚荣的She is one of those vain people who never take others advice.徒劳的, 无用的, 无效的He made a vain attempt to reach the drowning child.valid adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的Do you have valid reasons for your absence?有效的He has a valid passport.有法律效力的This is a valid will.vertical adj.垂直的, 竖的He climbed the vertical cliff.visual adj.视觉的, 看得见的The film is a visual art.visible adj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的It is a visible star in the sky. sth is visible to sb 明显的, 可察觉到的It seems to serve no visible use.vital adj.极重要的, 必不可少的 be vital to 维持生命所必需的; 生命的We must try to ensure that vital food supplies are maintained. 有生气的, 充满生机的His vital and cheerful manner filled the whole team with courage.vivid adj.(光、色)鲜明艳的; 闪亮的; 强烈的 vivid green活泼的; 生动的; 栩栩如生的 vivid description明显的; 清楚的; 逼真的; 如在眼前的 It is still vivid in my memory.动词1. abuse n. 滥用, 妄用, 虐待Im afraid the position is open to abuse.恶习, 不正之风They decided to reform social abuses.他们决定改革社会陋习。恶言, 辱骂He burst into a storm of abuse.他破口大骂。vt. 滥用, 妄用He never abuses his privilege.他从不滥用特权。虐待, 伤害Stop abusing the child.住手, 不要伤害这孩子。辱骂, 毁谤Most of the foremen abused the workmen in the foulest languages.2. accelerate vt. & vi.(使)加快, (使)增速 speed up-slow down3. accomplish accomplish the purpose/ object/ mission complete complete the task complete repairing the car achieve achieve ones purpose /success/ victory4. acknowledge vt.承认, 供认He grudgingly acknowledged having made a mistake.acknowledge ones defeat承认失败告知已收到We must acknowledge his letter.我们应当告诉他信收到了。鸣谢, 感谢They wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the police in the making of this film. acknowledge the applause谢幕It is universally acknowledged that. .是大家所公认的5. allocate vt.分配, 分派You must allocate the money carefully.把拨给They allocated funds for the new school.distribute vt.分配, 分给The foreman distributes the work every morning.散发; 散播; 分布These books are distributed freely.6. appeal n.呼吁, 恳求His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.感染力, 吸引力This kind of music hasnt much appeal for me.vi.呼吁,有吸引力This job rather appeals to me.vt. & vi.上诉Five times he appealed the case, always losing.appealing adj.吸引人的,哀诉似的,恳求似的7. appreciate vt.感激, 感谢I appreciate your help very much. I will appreciate it if you. appreciate your kindness thank you for your kindness欣赏, 赏识, 重视You cant appreciate English poetry unless you understand its rhythm.意识到, 体会I really appreciate the danger of this job.vt. & vi.(使)增值, 涨价Things appreciate as time goes on.8. approve vt. & vi.赞成, 同意Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.vt.批准, 通过The minister approved the building plan.Congress approved the budget9. arise (arose, arisen) vi. & link v.呈现; 出现; 发生During the night a great storm has arisen.Accidents arise from carelessness.vi.起身, 起来, 起立10. arrest vt.逮捕; 拘捕Policemen have authority to arrest lawbreakers.制止; 阻止A driver uses brakes to arrest his cars speed.吸引Her earnest manner arrested me.11. assume vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想We cant assume anything in this case.assume this to be true假装He assumed a look of innocence.承担, 担任, 就职assume office assume responsibility负责, 承担责任呈现, 采取We assumed a new method.assume a new aspect呈现新的面貌assume airs of摆.架子21. assure vt.使相信; 使确信He assured me success.保险 ensure vt. 保证; 担保, 保险ensure success safety, supplies保护; 使安全(against, from) ensure sb. againstfrom danger保证给, 赋予(to, for) A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. insure vt.给.保险; 保.险insure sb.s property against fire have ones life insured 保障; 保证; 确保Carefulness insures you against errors.22. boom vi.激增, 猛涨, 兴隆Business is booming.生意日趋繁荣。There is a boom in.发出隆隆声The guns boomed.n.(营业等的)激增, (经济等的)繁荣, 迅速发展, 隆隆声15. boycott vt.联合抵制, 联合起来拒绝购买或绝交boycott a nationboycott a commercial productboycott sb.一致不与某人往来16.cast vt. & vi.投, 掷, 扔This is a good place to cast. cast an anchor抛锚cast seed播种 cast sb a look浇铸Iron casts better than copper.vt.投射, 加于She cast him a significant smile.分配(演戏剧等的)角色He was cast asfor the part of Hamlet.n.投, 掷, 抛, 扔He made a cast with a fishing line.铸造物; 塑件She made a plaster cast of a bust of Lincoln.演员表, 全体演员The cast isare waiting on the stage.a man of noble cast人品高尚的人a stones cast/ throw投石可及的距离, 一箭之遥17. claim vt.声称, 断言They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease. (灾难等)使失踪或死亡Th