(国考)同等学力英语—基础写作 PPT课件

词性 n pron v adj adv prep a 1 名词 可数名词 C不可数名词 U 单复数变化 可数名词单复数变形 单数名词词尾直接加 s boy boys pen pens 以s x ch sh结尾的单词一般加 es glass glasses box boxes watch watches brush brushes 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es baby babies lady ladies fly flies 以 o 结尾的多数加 es tomato tomatoes potato potatoes hero heroes 但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加 s radio radios zoo zoos photo photos 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词复数形式变 f 或 fe 为 v 之后再加 es wife wives life lives knife knives wolf wolves self selves leaf leaves 改变元音字母man men mouse mice foot feet woman women tooth teeth ox oxen sentencecorrectionEmployeecangetmorebenefitsfromtelecommutingthanemployer Conflictsmayarisebetweentouristandlocalresident Communityserviceofferwrongdoerchancecorrecttheirmisconductandstartnewlife 2 名词的所有格 的 1 s有生命事物 的 Tom skite thepresident sreport用于表示时间 距离 价格 重量等的名词后today snewspaper fiveminutes walk fivepounds weight tendollars worthofcoffee 用于表示国家 世界 城市等地方的名词后 theearth splanet theword spopulation China sindustry NewYork sparks 2 of表示无生命事物 的 thedevelopmentofsociety theadventoftheInternet theseriousnessofdesertification 名词与代词的转化 使用注意 1 性数一致2 紧跟名词Somepeopledonotobeytrafficruleshimself Toerrishuman Nomatterhoweminentoneis hewillmakemistakes 动词 1 主谓一致 1 Theteacher with6girlsand8boysofherclass visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck AwasBwereChadbeenDwouldbe2 Shehassetanewrecord thatis thesalesofherlatestbook 50million A havereachedB hasreachedC arereachingD hadreached 3 Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager toworkonlineathome A encouragesB encourageC isencouragedD areencouraged4 NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign A knowsB knowC haveknownD amtoknow 2 动词的时态 present past future 现在时 1 一般现在时构成 s es 其他I we you theyworkHe she itworks标志词 often usually always sometimes seldom never everyday onceaweek yearly monthly经常性动作或状态 Weoftenwritetoeachother Fatheralwaysreadsnewspaperafterbreakfast 讲述事实或普遍真理 Lightgoesfasterthansound Thesunrisesintheeast z z 2 现在进行时构成 be doingIamworkinghe she itisworkingwe you theyareworking标志词 now atpresent atthistime today thisweek thisyear atthemoment 现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态It sfouro clockintheafternoon Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground Weareworkinginafactorythesedays 在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作 TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon 表达说话这个人情感always forever allthetimeHeisalwayscomplaining 3 现在完成时构成 have hasdoneI we you theyhaveworkedHe she ithasworked标志词 since for recently yet ever already uptonow sofar untilnow表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作 这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用 I msorryIhavelostmykey Ican topenthedoor Shehasleft Ifyouwanttoseeher you llhavetocometomorrow 动作与过去发生 持续到现在的动作 可能将继续发生 到目前为止 这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用 WehavelivedheresincelastOctober ShehasstudiedEnglishfor5years 4 现在完成进行时构成 have hasbeendoingI we you theyhavebeenworkingHe she ithasbeenworking标志词 allthismorning all for 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作 并且还将持续下去 TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears 过去时 1 一般过去时构成 ed 不规则变化I we you theyworkedHe she itworked标志词 yesterday lastnight atthattime justnow afewdaysago then lastyear in1999 twodaysago过去的动作或状态Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday Wedidn thaveclasseslastweek 2 过去进行时构成 was weredoingI he she itwasworkingwe you theywereworking标志词 atacertaintimeyesterday过去某时刻正在进行的动作AtthattimeshewasworkinginOxford 过去某段时间内持续的动作HewasstudyinginCambridgebetween1999and2001 过去将来的动作come go leave depart startHedidn tknowwhethershewascoming 3 过去完成时构成 haddoneI we you theyhadworkedHe she ithadworked过去某时间之前发生的动作 过去的过去 常与when before after等连词引导的时间状语从句连用 WhenIwokeupithadalreadystoppedraining Ihadn tlearnedanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere 4 过去完成进行时构成 hadbeendoingI he she you we theyhadbeenworking过去的过去发生的动作持续到过去某时Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered 将来时1 一般将来时构成 shall willdoI weshallworkhe she it you theywillwork标志词 tomorrow nextyear fromnowon inamonth inthefuture today thisevening thisweek thismonth thisyear将来时间的动作或状态PerhapsIshall will payavisittoFrancethiswinter 一般将来时其他表现形式1 begoingto do 多用于口语中 表示打算 将要发生的事 WearegoingtovisittheSummerPalacenextweek Lookatthedarkclouds thereisgoingtobeastorm 2 be todo 表示安排或计划好了的动作 ThequeenistovisitJapannextyear 3 beabout 不定式 表示即将发生的动作 注意 beaboutto一般不与时间状语连用 Heisabouttoretire 2 将来进行时构成 will shallbedoingI weshallbeworkinghe she it you theywillbeworking表示人们确信某事肯定会发生 WhenIarriveattheairport mywholefamilywillbewaitingforme 表示预测或希望某事会发生 WhenIgethome mywifewillprobablybewatchingTV 3 将来完成时构成 will shallhavedoneI weshallhaveworkedHe she it you theywillhavedone预期将来某时间 已完成 Ishallhavefinishedreadingthebookbytheendofthisweek 4 将来完成进行时构成 will shallhavebeendoingI weshallhavebeenworkingHe she it you theywillhavebeenworking预期将来某时间一直在做某事HewillhavebeenspendingholidayinHKinSeptember 3 动词的被动语态 Heanswersthequestionsinpublic Thequestionswereansweredinpublic SentenceCorrectionWorkathomeusingmoderntechnologycangreatlyenhanceourefficiency Theproblemsthatarecreatedbyenvironmentalcontaminationisveryhardtoresolve Manystudentsarelikestudyinghomeeconomics Today culturesaroundtheworldwerebecomingincreasinglysimilar Childrenwhoareraiseinimpoverishedfamiliescangenerallydealwithproblemsmoreefficientlyintheiradultyears 形容词与副词 作用 1 形容词 修饰名词theinterestingmovie theharshcondition themildenvironment2 副词 修饰动词 形容词或句子Heescapedimmediatelyaftertheaccident Peopletendtochoosetheenvironmentallyfriendlyproductsrecently Generally complicatedmachinesareeasiertobreakdown adj adv 等级 as as 结构1 Johnisthetallestboyintheclass accordingtohimself A fivefooteightastallasB astallasfivefooteightC asfivefooteighttallasD astallfivefooteightas2 Whatatable I veneverseensuchathingbefore Itis itislong A halfnotaswideasB widenotashalfasC nothalfaswideasD aswideasnothalf 比较级与最高级 1 比较级形式 erthanmore adj adv than1 Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas thanexpected Thereweremanyticketsleft A muchsmallerB muchmoreC muchlargerD manymore2 Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum Ithoroughlyenjoyedit ItwasthanIexpected A farmoreinterestingB evenmuchinterestingC somoreinterestingD alotmuchinteresting 2 最高级adj adv est of among themost adj adv of among1 Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels desiretogotobed A themostB moreC worseD theleast2 Greenland islandintheworld coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers A itisthelargestB thatisthelargestC isthelargestD thelargest 3 the 比较级 the 比较级越 就越 Theharderyouwork thegreaterprogressyou llmake Themorecomplicatedthesystemis themorechanceitwillhavetobreakdown 句子基础 基本句子结构 简单句 Pattern1ManyserioussocialproblemsariseasaresultofthewidespreaduseofInternet Juveniledelinquencyhasrisendramaticallyinrecentyears S Vi 基本句子结构 简单句 Pattern2Theinstallationofcamerasinpublicplacesdeterswould becriminals Thegovernmentshouldconstitutemorerigidlawsandregulationstocurbthesoaringcrimerate S Vt O 基本句子结构 简单句 Pattern3Povertyisoneofthereasonsforyoungsterstoskipschoolandcommitcrimes Theviolentscenesonthescreenis tosomeextent responsibleforaperceivableincreaseinrealviolence S Vl P 基本句子结构 简单句 Pattern4Violentandpornographicscenesonmassmediapresentchildrenabadexample Weshouldaskourselveswhatthemostimportantthinginourlivesis S Vt Oi Od S Vt Od prep Oi 基本句子结构 简单句 Pattern5Children sinexperienceandimmaturitymakethemvulnerabletocrimes Weconsidergreedthesourceofevils S Vt O Oc 句子成分 句子成分 主语 AlldoctorsandnursesshouldgetvaccinatedagainsttheH1N1flu Smokingisapersonalchoiceratherthanamoralissue Beingphysicallyactivecanreducestresslevelsandlowerbloodpressure Itishardtoreachaconsensusonthisaffair Itiswelldocumentedthathighschoolstudentstendtogainweightandsufferfrommanystress relatedillnessesbecauseofthestrongpressureonthem 形式 名词 短语 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 主从 句子成分 谓语 Inthisdayandage anincreasingnumberofpeopleagreethatgamblingisanunwholesomehobby Lifehasbeenfilledwithchallengesandwealwaysneedtoprepareourselvesonvariousfronts 形式 动词 句子成分 宾语 表语 Junkfoodunderminespeople shealth Studiesrevealthatthereisadefinitelinkbetweenobesityandseriousdiseasesuchasheartattacks Whatweshoulddoistotellchildrenhowtothinkinsteadofhowtomemorizethings Whatweareconcernedaboutisthattowhatextenttestsareharmfultostudents creativity 形式 名词 短语 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 主从 句子成分 定语 Inrecentyears theInternethasbeengainingpopularityatanamazingrate Thosewhohavespentsometimetravelingtootherplaces haveabroaderviewoflife 形式 形容词 介词短语 定语从句 句子成分 状语 Outdooractivitiescangreatlyimproveourhealth Likeself awareness self criticismisalsohardtoachieve Weshouldtakestepstoconserveendangeredanimalsbeforeitistoolate Somepeoplewallowinpetstotheextentthattheyneglecttheemotionalneedsoftheirfamilymembers Thoughmanisthedominantspeciesontheplanet otherspeciesenjoythesamerighttosurvive 形式 副词 介词短语 状语从句 句子成分 补语 Thegraduatefindthejobmarketfrustratingbecauseoftheeconomicrecession SomeindividualsareconcernedtheInternetwillrenderinternationaltourismobsolete Peoplewithallergiesaresuper sensitivetothingsthatmostpeoplefindharmless includingpollenfromplants dust andfood 形式 名词 形容词 不定式 动名词 句子成分 同位语 Shopping anecessarypartofdailylife isincreasinglytime consumingduetothemultipleoptionsavailabletoconsumers Theideathattraditionalclotheslookout of datehasoccurredtoagreatnumberofpeople Thereisanincreasingrecognitionthatlearningcantakeplaceoutsidetheclassroomandisalifelongexperience 形式 名词 短语 同位语从句 代词 并列句 结构 简单句并列连词conj 简单句 并列句 1 顺承 and notonly butalso neither nor Lawisnotonlytopunishthewrongdoersbutalsoitistoregulateandsuper