六级模拟考试.doc

六级模拟考试 080615大学英语六级模拟考试试卷 1（2008 年 6 月 15 日）Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1 上。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES)N (for NO)NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How the CIA worksDespite plenty of Hollywood films about the CIA and its spies, many people still dontknow what the agency actually does.The CIA stands for the Central Intelligence Agency. Its primary stated mission is to collect,evaluate and disseminate foreign intelligence to assist the president and senior United Statesgovernment policymakers in making decisions about national security. The CIA may also engagein covert (秘密的) action at the presidents request. It doesnt make policy. It isnt allowed to spyon the domestic activities of Americans or to participate in assassinations, eitherthough it hasbeen accused of doing both.Like other aspects of the U.S. government, the CIA has a system of checks and balances.The CIA reports both to the executive and legislative branches. During the CIAs history, theamount of oversight has ebbed and flowed. On the executive side, the CIA must answer to threegroups - the National Security Council, the Presidents Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board andthe Intelligence Oversight Board.Speaking of funds, the CIA budget is secret and the agency is allowed to keep its staffing,organizational structure, salaries and number of employees secret under an act passed in 1949.Heres what we do know: In 1997, the total budget for all U.S. government intelligence andintelligence-related activities was $26.6 billion. That was the first year the figure had been madepublic. In 1998, the budget was $26.7 billion. The intelligence budgets for all other years remainclassified. On the staffing front, the CIA employs about 20,000 people.1六级模拟考试 080615CIA HistoryThe United States has always engaged in foreign intelligence activities. Covert action aidedthe patriots in winning the Revolutionary War. But the first formal, organized agencies didnt existuntil the 1880s, when the Office of Naval Intelligence and the Armys Military IntelligenceDivision were created. Around World War I, the Bureau of Investigation (the forerunner of theFBI) took over intelligence-gathering duties. The intelligence structure continued through severaliterations. For example, the Office of Strategic Services, known as the OSS, was established in1942 and abolished in 1945.After World War II, U.S. leaders struggled with how to improve national intelligence. ThePearl Harbor bombing, which brought the United States into World War II, was considered amajor intelligence failure.In 1947, President Harry Truman signed the National Security Act, which created the CIA.The act also created a director of central intelligence, who had three different roles: thepresidents principal adviser on security issues, the head of the entire U.S. intelligence communityand the head of the CIA, one of the agencies within that intelligence community. This structurewas revised in 2004, with the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, which createdthe position of director of national intelligence to oversee the intelligence community. Now, thedirector of the CIA reports to the director of national intelligence.Two years later, Congress passed the Central Intelligence Agency Act, which allows theagency to keep its budget and staffing secret. For many years, the agencys primary mission was toprotect the United States against communism and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Thesedays, the agency has an even more complex job - to protect the United States from terroristthreats from all over the globe.CIA StructureThe CIA is broken down into four different teams, each with its own responsibilities:National Clandestine ServiceThis is where the so-called spies work. NCS employees go undercover abroad to collectforeign intelligence. They recruit agents to collect what is called human intelligence. Whatkinds of people work for the NCS? NCS employees are generally well-educated, know otherlanguages, like to work with people from all over the world and can adapt to any situation,including dangerous ones. Most people, including their friends and family members, will neverknow exactly what NCS employees do. Later well take a look at how the spies stay undercoverand check out some of their cool gadgets.Directorate of Science and TechnologyThe people on this team collect overt or open source, intelligence. Overt intelligence consistsof information that appears on TV, on the radio, in magazines or in newspapers. They also useelectronic and satellite photography. This team attracts people who enjoy science and engineering.Directorate of IntelligenceAll of the information gathered by the first two teams is turned over to the Directorate of2六级模拟考试 080615Intelligence. Members of this team interpret the information and write reports about it. A DIemployee must have excellent writing and analytical skills, be comfortable presentinginformation in front of groups and be able to handle deadline pressure.Directorate of SupportThis team provides support for the rest of the organization and handles things like hiring andtraining. The Directorate of Support attracts the person who may be a specialist in a field such asan artist or a finance officer, or a generalist with many different talents, according to the CIAWeb site.Spy StuffAbout a third of the agencys estimated 20,000 employees are undercover or have been atsome point in their CIA careers, according to a Los Angeles Times story, which explored just howthey keep those covers.Most of the agencys overseas are under official cover, meaning they pose as employees ofanother government agency, such as the state department. A much smaller number are undernonofficial cover or NOC (pronounced “knock”). This means they usually pose as employees ofreal international corporations, employees of fake companies or as students. Valerie Plameworked as a NOC, posing as the employee of a shell company in Boston called Brewster-Jennings.NOC is more dangerous than having an official cover, because if NOCs are caught by a foreignintelligence service, they have no diplomatic immunity to protect them from prosecution in thatcountry.In a newspaper interview, an anonymous source said that he posed as a mid-level executiveat multinational corporations while collecting intelligence overseas for more than a decade. Heworked several years as a business consultant before joining the agency, giving him a greatresume for the NOC program. Senior executives at his covert employers were aware of his realjob, but his coworkers day-to-day were not. He carried out the normal duties that someone in hiscover job would do, once even working on a $2 million deal. However, he also often spent threeor four nights a week holding secret meetings.There is plenty of lore (学问) about the cloak-and-dagger lives that spies lead. Some of it isjust that-lore. On the other hand, spies through the years really have used a variety of gadgets andtechnology to do their jobs. Some are now treasured up at the CIA Museum. Highlights of themuseum include:lllThe dead drop spike, a concealment device that has been used since the late 1960s to hidemoney, maps, documents, microfilm and other items. The spike is waterproof and can beshoved into the ground or placed in a shallow stream to be retrieved later.The Mark IV microdot camera was used to pass documents between agents in East and WestBerlin during in 1950s and 60s. Agents took photographs that were the size of a pinhead andglued them to typed letters. The agent who received the letter could then view the imageunder a microscope.The silver dollar hollow container is still being used today. It looks like a silver dollar and3六级模拟考试 080615can be used to hide messages or film.Though the agency has had its share of failures and scandals, the government still dependsheavily on the CIA to provide intelligence and assist with maintaining national security. Althoughterrorism intelligence is the CIAs current focus, the United States will always have a need forcounterintelligen