儿童生长发育对照表.doc

表1 中国018岁男童体重参照值(kg)年龄组下 等中下等中 等中上等上 等初 生2.542.923.303.684.061月3.844.475.105.736.362月4.725.446.166.887.603月5.406.196.987.778.564月5.946.757.568.379.185月6.267.148.028.909.786月6.747.688.629.5610.508月7.198.199.1910.1911.1910月7.578.619.6510.6911.7312月8.089.1210.1611.2012.2415月8.489.5910.7011.8112.9218月8.8710.0611.2512.4413.6321月9.3110.5711.8313.0914.352.0岁10.0111.2912.5713.8515.132.5岁10.9012.2313.5614.8916.223.0岁11.4012.9114.4215.9317.443.5岁12.2713.8215.3716.9218.474.0岁12.6914.4616.2318.0019.774.5岁13.3615.3017.2419.1821.125.0岁14.0816.2118.3420.4722.605.5岁14.8817.1319.3821.6323.886.0岁15.7718.3720.9723.5726.177.0岁15.2519.3023.3527.4031.458.0岁16.2120.9725.7330.4935.259.0岁17.2222.9428.6634.3840.1010.0岁18.4225.1531.8838.6145.3411.0岁20.1527.9235.6943.4651.2312.0岁22.2831.0139.7448.4757.2013.0岁27.0636.5145.9655.4164.8614.0岁31.2341.0350.8360.6370.4315.0岁36.3345.2254.1163.0071.8916.0岁39.3448.0756.8065.5374.2617.018岁41.3349.7958.2566.7175.17中国018岁女童体重参照值(kg) 年龄组下 等中下等中 等中上等上 等初 生2.482.843.203.563.921月3.674.244.815.385.952月4.445.095.746.397.043月5.025.726.427.127.824月5.516.267.017.768.515月5.996.767.538.309.076月6.207.108.008.909.808月6.717.688.659.6210.5910月7.118.109.0910.0811.0712月7.428.479.5210.5711.6215月7.999.0410.0911.1412.1918月8.439.5410.6511.7612.8721月9.0110.1311.2512.3713.492.0岁9.5810.8112.0413.2714.502.5岁10.3111.6412.9714.3015.633.0岁11.1512.5814.0115.4416.873.5岁11.9013.4214.9416.4617.984.0岁12.4514.1315.8117.4919.174.5岁13.0414.9216.8018.6820.565.0岁13.9015.8717.8419.8121.785.5岁14.3616.5818.8021.0223.246.0岁15.2617.8120.3622.9125.467.0岁15.0818.7022.3225.9429.568.0岁16.1220.3524.5828.8133.049.0岁17.3322.3927.4532.5137.5710.0岁18.6924.9031.1137.3243.5311.0岁21.1228.4435.7643.0850.4012.0岁24.6632.4240.1847.9455.7013.0岁28.9336.6944.4552.2159.9714.0岁32.5139.6246.7353.8460.9515.0岁34.6061.6548.7055.7562.8016.0岁36.4143.1949.9756.7563.5317.018岁37.1943.7850.3756.9663.55中国018岁男童身高参照值(cm) 年龄组下 等中下等中 等中上等上 等初 生47.048.750.452.153.81月52.354.656.959.261.52月55.658.060.462.865.23月58.460.763.065.367.64月60.762.965.167.369.55月62.464.767.069.371.66月64.466.869.271.674.08月67.069.572.074.577.010月69.472.074.677.279.812月71.974.677.380.082.715月74.777.580.383.185.918月76.579.682.785.888.921月79.282.485.688.892.02.0岁82.385.789.192.595.92.5岁86.389.893.396.8100.33.0岁89.493.196.8100.5104.23.5岁92.696.4100.2104.0107.84.0岁95.599.6103.7107.8111.94.5岁98.9103.0107.1111.2115.35.0岁102.1106.3110.5114.7118.95.5岁104.7109.2113.7118.2122.76.0岁108.5113.2117.9122.6127.37.0岁112.5118.2123.9129.6135.38.0岁116.8122.7128.6134.5140.49.0岁121.6127.7133.8139.9146.010.0岁125.6132.2138.8145.4152.011.0岁130.1137.3144.5151.7158.912.0岁134.0142.2150.4158.6166.813.0岁142.1150.4158.7167.0175.314.0岁149.5156.9164.3171.7179.115.0岁155.0161.3167.6173.9180.216.0岁157.3163.4169.5175.6181.717.018岁158.3164.3170.3176.3182.3中国018岁女童身高参照值(cm) 年龄组下 等中下等中等中上等上 等初 生46.648.249.851.453.01月51.753.956.158.360.52月54.656.959.261.563.83月57.259.461.663.866.04月59.461.663.866.068.25月60.963.265.567.870.16月62.865.267.670.072.48月65.668.170.673.175.610月68.170.773.375.978.512月70.373.175.978.781.515月73.376.178.981.784.518月75.878.781.684.587.421月78.581.584.587.590.52.0岁81.384.788.191.594.92.5岁84.888.492.095.699.23.0岁88.792.395.999.5103.13.5岁91.695.499.2103.0106.84.0岁95.098.9102.8106.7110.64.5岁97.8102.0106.2110.4114.65.0岁101.6105.7109.8113.9118.05.5岁103.9108.4112.9117.4121.96.0岁108.1112.6117.1121.6126.17.0岁111.7117.2122.7128.2133.78.0岁116.2122.0127.8133.6139.49.0岁120.7127.1133.5139.9146.310.0岁125.3132.4139.5146.6153.711.0岁131.6138.9146.2153.5160.812.0岁138.5145.1151.7158.3164.913.0岁143.7149.7155.7161.7167.714.0岁146.0151.6157.2162.8168.415.0岁147.3152.8158.3163.8169.316.0岁147.6153.1158.6164.1169.617.018.0岁147.7153.2158.7164.2169.7中国07岁儿童头围参照值(cm) 男童女童年龄组下平均值上等下平均值上等初 生31.934.31.236.731.533.91.236.31月35.538.11.340.735.037.41.239.82月37.139.71.342.336.538.91.241.33月38.441.01.343.637.740.11.242.54月39.742.11.244.538.841.21.243.65月40.643.01.245.439.742.11.244.56月41.544.11.346.740.443.01.345.68月42.545.11.347.741.544.11.346.710月43.045.81.448.642.444.81.247.212月43.946.51.349.143.045.41.247.815月44.547.11.349.743.646.01.248.418月45.247.61.250.044.146.51.248.921月45.548.11.350.744.546.91.249.32.0岁46.048.41.250.845.047.41.249.82.5岁46.649.01.251.445.648.01.250.43.0岁47.049.41.251.846.248.41.150.63.5岁47.449.81.252.246.448.81.251.24.0岁47.550.11.352.746.749.11.251.54.5岁47.850.41.353.047.049.41.251.85.0岁48.350.71.253.147.349.71.252.15.5岁48.550.91.253.347.650.01.252.46.07.0岁48.951.31.253.747.750.31.352.9 生长发育是婴幼儿及青少年期所特有的生理现象。但生长发育不是简单的身体由小增大的过程，而是一个十分复杂的现象。牵涉到个体细胞的增加、分化，器官结构及功能的完善。小儿生长发育总的特点为：出生后头2年身高、体重增长较快，2岁至青春期以前有较为稳定的增加，青春期快速增长，以后渐渐停止。体格发育有头尾规律，即：婴幼儿期头部发育领先，随着年龄的增长，头增长不多而四肢、躯干增长速度加快。婴儿期头部高度占全身的1/4，成人头高占身高的1/8。 常用的小儿生长发育指标有：体重、身高、头围、胸围。 一、体重 体重是反映小儿生长发育的最重要也是最灵敏的指标。因为体重反映孩子的营养状况，尤其是近期的营养状况。体重可以受多种因素如：营养、辅食添加、疾病等的影响。体重在出生头3个月增长最快，一般为月增长6001000克，最好不低于600克。36个月次之，一般月增长60 0800克。612个月平均每个月增长300克。1岁后小儿生长速度明显减慢，13岁小儿平均每个月体重增长150克。1岁后小儿的体重可用下列公式计算：体重（kg）=年龄（岁）2+7（或8） 二、身长 身长也是小儿生长发育的重要指标，但它反映的是长期营养状况，短期内影响生长发育的因素（营养、疾病等）对身长影响不明显。它主要受遗传、种族和环境的影响较为明显。身长的增加同体重一样，也是在生后第一年增长最快，平均年增长25厘米。第二年平均增长10厘米，第三年平均增长47.5厘米。 幼儿期孩子的体型由婴儿期的肥墩型向瘦长型转变。这期间躯干稍长些，下肢稍短些。幼儿期后，四肢的增长逐渐快于躯干的增长。一岁以后平均身长的公式为：身长（cm）=年龄（岁）5 +80（cm）。小儿的身长与体重都可以用国际卫生组织的标准来评价。 三、头围 头围是反映孩子脑发育的一个重要指标。头围在生后第一年增长最快。出生时头围平均34cm；1岁时平均46cm；第二年增加2cm，第三年增长12cm。3岁时头围平均为48cm，已与成人相差不很多了。由此可看出，脑发育主要在生后头3年。正常小儿后囟门3个月闭合，前囟门1岁1 岁半闭合。过迟闭合要考虑有无佝偻病的可能。有的孩子出生时囟门就较小，闭合也会早些。这与母亲孕期营养状况较好有关。因此要综合看待这个问题，如果没有超