名词性从句 2

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious 主语从句 引导主语从句的关联词有三类 1 从属连词that 如 Thattheyweretruesisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem 很明显 她们确是亲姐妹 她们的脸型很相似 2 从属连词whether 如 Whetherhe llcomehereisn tclear 他是否会来这里还不清楚 3 连接代词who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever连接副词where when how why 如 Whatshedidisnotyetknown 她干了什么尚不清楚 Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone 这事怎样发生的 谁也不清楚 Whoevercomesiswelcome 不论谁来都欢迎 主语从句三要素 hebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall Iswhatyoutoldmereallytrue 谓语动词用单数 从句用陈述语序 不能省略关联词 注意 Whatweneedmostarebooks How 一 主语从句的连接词 1 that只起引导作用 本身无实际意义 不充当任何成分 但不能省略 Thatshelefthimmadehimheart broken Thatheisstillaliveisagoodnewstous 我们保持平衡饮食有益健康 2 置于句首只能用whether 是否 不充当从句的任何成分 他是否会参加这个话剧表演是显而易见的 isclear 他能否买到飞机票 doesn tmattermuch Whetherhecanbuytheplanetickets Whetherhe lltakepartintheplay Thatwekeepabalanceddietisgoodforourhealth 3wh 疑问词包含意思 并在从句中充当成分 shewillbebackisstillaquestion youtoldmejustnowwasreallyasurprise wewillholdthebasketballgametomorrowisnotimportant classwillwinthefootballgameisnotclear willmeethimisnotdecided When What Where Which Who breaksthelawshouldbepunished hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising tellsliesiswrong Whoever Whoever Whoever 1 willwinthegoldmedalremainstobeseen 2 wantstoaskquestionsiswelcomeanytime 3 Themanagerdecidedtoofferthejobto hebelievedhadastrongsenseofduty Who Whoever whoever Who whoever whomever 4 youchooseasyourwifehasnothingtodowithme 5 breaksthelawshouldbepunished 6 Thereisnodoubtthatanyone doesn tgiveintodifficultieswillbesuccessfulatlast Whomever Whoever who 1 yousaidyesterdayisright 2 sheisstillaliveisaconsolation 安慰 3 helostthebikeworriedhimalot 4 causedtheaccidentremainsunknown 5 mademattersworsewas nightbegantofall 6 wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave WhatThatThat 注 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 What Whatthat Whatwhat 二 it做形式主语为了防止句子头重脚轻 通常把形式主语it放在主语位置 真正主语搁置于句末 1 It be 名词 形容词 主语从句 Exx 很肯定他会赢得比赛的 thathewillwinthematch Itisafactthat 地球绕着太阳转 Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident Itiscertain theearthgoesaroundthesun 2 It 不及物动词 seem happen matter 主语从句 Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm 似乎 Ithappenedthattheywereabsent 碰巧 3 It 过去分词 从句 ItissaidthatPresidentObamawillvisitourschoolnextweek 据说 Itisdecidedthat 据决定Itisbelievedthat 据认为 ItisknowntoallthatLiHuaisthebeststudentinourclass 众所周知 1 Thisisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother 2 Itistruehehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry 3 Itdoesn tmatterthatheiswrongornot 4 ItisknowtoallthatLuXunisafamousauthor 改错 It that Whateverhesaysisofnoimportance Whoeversaysthisiswrong 但谓语动词用单数还是复数 不可一概而论 而要视句子的意义而定WhatIneedismoney WhatIneedarebooks 三 在主语从句中 谓语一般用单数 Whenandwherewe llholdthemeeting notbeendecidedyet A hasB isC haveD are Whateverandwhoever Whatever anythingthatWhoever anyonewho不管是谁犯了法 他都应该受到惩罚 Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished 在下列情况下 whether不能被if所取代 1 whether引导主语从句如 Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem 2 引导表语从句用whether 如 Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit 3 whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语 如 I mnotinterestedinwhetherthey llgoornot Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney 4 whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用 如 Ididn tknowwhethertolaughortocry Shehasn tdecidedwhethertogoornot whether与if IfMaryreallyheardhimwasdoubtful WhetherMaryreallyheardhimwasdoubtful ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim 主语从句置于句首时 不能用if引导如果用it作形式主语 就可以用if引导 不可省略的连词 1 引导主语 同位语 表语从句的连词不可省略 2 it作形式宾语的宾语从句3 并列宾语从句中 后面的从句引导词 Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon Thereasonisthatheistoocareless Ithinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadaloud Hetold that hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingbyhimself That的省略的问题 用it作形式主语的结构 1 1 Itis 名词 从句Itisafactthat 事实是 Itisanhonorthat 非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识 2 Itis 形容词 从句Itisnaturalthat 很自然 Itisstrangethat 奇怪的是 用it作形式主语的结构 2 3 Itis 不及物动词 从句Itseemsthat 似乎 Ithappenedthat 碰巧 Itappearsthat 似乎 4 It 过去分词 从句Itisreportedthat 据报道 Ithasbeenprovedthat 已证实 Itissaidthat 据说 Exercises PartOne 主语从句单选题 1 hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising A WhoB TheoneC AnyoneD Whoever D 2 Itwashesaiddisappointedme A what thatB that thatC what whatD that what A 3 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where B 4 wecan tgetseemsbetterthanwehave A What whatB What thatC That thatD That what A PartTwo 改错 1 Hedoesn tlikethemisveryclear Thathe 2 Thathashappenedprovesthatmyadviceisright Whathas 3 Becauseofmypoormemory thatyoutoldmehas beenforgotten whatyou allthatyou 4 Ifhehassignedhisnamedoesn tmatter Whether 5 Whatisthemostimportantinlifearen tmoney isn t 1 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness A WhatB WhoC ThatD Whether AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspacewhereB whatC thatD how C B 3 the2012OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet A WheneverB IfC WhetherD That 4 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where C B 5 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights A AnyoneB ThepersonC WhoeverD Who 6 isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage A ThereB ThisC ThatD It C D 7 inthenewspaperthatthepriceoffoodwillgoup A ItsaysB ItissaidC IthassaidD Heissaid 8 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey A whileB thatC ifD for B B 9 Thereisnodoubt A thatMr HansenisingoodhealthB whetherisMr HansenhealthyC ifMr Hansen shealthwasreturningD whetherMr Hanseninhealth A 10 TheForeignMinistersaid ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace A ThisisB ThereisC ThatisD Itis D 11 Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent atleastaforeignlanguage A mastersB shouldmasterC masteredD willmaster B 同位语从句 1 概念 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 2 功能 同位语从句对名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 引导同位语从句的that在从句中不充当任何成分 无任何具体意思 一般不省略 that引导同位语从句 e g 1 Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus 我们队得了第一名 这消息使我们都很兴奋 2 Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 3 WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina 4 ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline 5 ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 1 Ihavenoideahowhedidit 2 YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas 3 Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing 状语 除that外 其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义或成分 注意啦 状语 是否 3 常跟同位语从句的抽象词有 4 连词 常用的连词有 fact idea reason thought order doubt news hope truth belief suggestion advice view promise request proposal提议 建议 demand question等抽象名词 that whether who which what when where why how 想一想 大家注意啦 同位语从句与定语从句区别 Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad 据说他已经出国了 Ourteamhaswonthegame whichmadeusveryhappy 我们的队赢了 这让我们很高兴 定语从句 同位语从句 辨析 定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的修饰或限制 属于形容词性从句的范畴 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释 属于名词性从句的范畴 如 Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的 同位语从句 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息 Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的 定语从句 news在从句中作told的宾语 辨析 TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain Thehope that sheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain Let shaveatryatonce 同位语从句 theywouldcometovisitChina对hope进行具体的说明 定语从句 hope充当express的宾语 有些词如可以引导同位语从句 但不能引导定语从句 如 Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑 同位语从句 whether how what 引导词that引导定语从句时 在从句中一般作主语或宾语 指物时还可以用which代替 并且作宾语时常常省略 that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用 不充当任何成分 并且不能省略 也不能用which来代替 如 一起小结that Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday 我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了 同位语从句 是对order的具体解释 that虽不作成分 但不能省略 Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组 定语从句 是名词order的修饰语 that在从句中作received的宾语 可以省略 II 判断下列哪些含有同位语从句 哪些含有定语从句 Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld That sthebestpieceofnewsI veheard 同 定 Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7 I venohopethatmyparentshavebeenexpectingtome 同 定 Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn texistatall ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek 同 定 I 在空格处填上适当的词 使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整 Thenewswasveryexciting ourclasshadwonthefootballmatch Thisisthemountainvillage Istayedlastyear 3 Thepersonto youspokeisafamousactor where 练习坊 that whom 4 Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinion allmatterconsistsofatoms 5 ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain that that 6 Thisisouronlyrequest this should besettledassoonaspossible 7 Allagreedtohissuggestion abridgeacrosstheriver should bebuilt that that 例6和7中使用了虚拟语气 其中should可以省略 出现名词suggestion advice order request require proposal等时 例题6和7有什么特点 bebuilt should besettled should 1 Thefact sheworkshardiswellknowntousall A thatB whatC whyD which2 Thefact hewassuccessfulproveshisability A thatB whatC whichD why A A 练一练 3 Thenews hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly A whatB thatC whyD when4 Hissuggestion themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown A whichB thatC D it B B 5 Ihavenoidea hewillstart A whenB thatC whatD 6 I vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage themeetingwon tbeheldtomorrow A ifB thatC whetherD which B A 7 Thethought hemightfailintheexamworriedhim A whenB whichC whatD that8 Theorder theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate A whichB whetherC thatD what D C 9 Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient sfear hewoulddieofthedisease A thatB asC ofwhichD which A 10 Heoftenaskedmethequestion theworkwasworthdoing A whetherB whereC thatD when11 Theotherday mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed A asB whichC whatD that A B 11 Alongwiththeletterwashispromise hewouldvisitmethiscomingChrist