[教育精品]L4 PROFESSIONS FOR WOMEN.ppt

lessonfour professionsforwomen virginiawoolf author virginiawoolfisgenerallyregardedasoneofthegreatestwritersofmodernismaswellasoneofthepioneersofwomen sliberationfrompatriarchy virginiawoolf 1882 1941 abritishwriterandcriticwhowasthemostfamousmemberofthebloomsburygroupandisadmiredbyfeminists hernovels suchastothelighthouse 到灯塔去 1927 andthewaves 海浪 1931 usethestylecalledstreamofconsciousness 意识流 virginiawoolf sworks novels thevoyageout 远航 1915年 nightandday 时时刻刻 1919年 jacob sroom 雅各的房间 1920年 mrs dalloway 达洛维夫人 1925年 tothelighthouse 到灯塔去 1927年 orlando abiography 奥兰多 1928年 thewaves 海浪 1931年 theyears 岁月 1937年 betweentheacts 幕间 1941年 essays aroomofone sown 一间自己的房间 1929年 streamofconsciousness意识流 streamofconsciousness theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingsinwritingexactlyastheypassthroughyourmind withouttheusualstructuretheyhaveinformalwriting bloomsburygroup 布卢姆斯伯里团体 bloomsburygroup agroupofartistsandwriterswholivedandmeteachotherregularlyinbloomsburyintheearlypartofthe20thcentury modernism现代主义 现代派 modernism modernartisticorliteraryphilosophyandpracticeespecially aself consciousbreakwiththepastandasearchfornewformsofexpression popularespeciallyfromthe1940stothe1960s patriarchy patriarchyn asocialsysteminwhichtheoldestmanruleshisfamilyandpassespowerandpossessionsontohissons家长制 族长制 virginiawoolfisgenerallyregardedasoneofthegreatestwritersofmodernismaswellasoneofthepioneersofwomen sliberationfrompatriarchy style sheisknownforherexperimentationandinnovationinnovelwriting inhernovels emphasisisnotonplotoractionbutonthepsychologicalrealmofhercharactersandthemoment by momentexperienceofliving whicharedepictedbythetechniquesofinteriormonologueandstreamofconsciousness herbooksarealsonotedfortheirpoeticandsymbolicquality theirsubtlestyleandtheirrichhistoricalandliteraryreference virginiawoolf sexperimentationandinnovation 1 thepsychologicalrealmofhercharacters 2 themoment by momentexperienceofliving 人物的内心 心理世界 瞬间的生活经历 virginiawoolf stechniques 1 interiormonologue2 streamofconsciousness3 poeticandsymbolicquality4 subtlestyle5 richhistoricalandliteraryreference 内心独白 意识流 诗性 象征意义 风格微妙 丰富的历史与文学参照 引文 butthearticlechosenforthistextbookisrelativelyeasy withherthoughtswellorganized clearlypresentedandvividlyillustrated woolfisdifficulttoread firstobstacle theangelinthehousesolution killit sheusesavividmetaphor killingtheangelinthehouse todescribeherresolutiontoavoidthetraditionalwoman sroleasasympathizertomen toillustratethispoint sheemploysthesecondmetaphor theimageofafishermanlyingsunkindreamsonthevergeofadeeplake whotriestoexplorethedeepestpartofthelake butisdisturbedbysomethinghard secondobstacle gender consciousnesssolution trytoremainunconscious unsolved thirdmetaphor roomsofyourown inconclusion shestates youhavewonroomsofyourowninthehousehithertoexclusivelyownedbymen butthisfreedomisonlyabeginning theroomisyourown butitisstillbare ithastobefurnished ithastobedecorated ithastobeshared apaperreadtothewomen sserviceleaguein1931 professionsforwomen detailedstudyofthetext paragraph1 openingparagraphwhatisthemainideaofparagraph1 woolffindsthattherearefewerexperiencespeculiartowomenintheprofessionofliteraturethaninotherprofessions becausemanywomenwritersbeforeherhavemadetheroadsmooth q whyfewer a fortheroadwascutmanyyearsago theimpliedmeaningisthatotherprofessions suchasscience medicine law arenewerforwomen andthereforetheroadisharderforthem theprofessionofdramaisanexception likeliterature dramaalsoinvolvesmorewomenthanotherprofessions fortheroadwascutmanyyearsago byfannyburney byaphrabehn byharrietmartineau byjaneausten bygeorgeeliot manyfamouswomen andmanymoreunknownandforgotten havebeenbeforeme makingthepathsmooth andregulatingmysteps fannyburney 1752 1840 burney sfournovelshaveearnedherfavorablecomparisonstoothergiantsofthegenre austen richardson dickens andvirginiawoolf sdeclarationthatsheis themotherofenglishfiction fannyburney aphrabehn aphrabehn july10 1640 april16 1689 wasaprolificdramatistoftherestorationandthefirstprofessionalwomanwriterinenglishliterature englishwriter whosewritings characterizedbyadvancedviewsonsocial economic andreligiousquestions causedconsiderablecontroversyinhertime aferventabolitionist harrietmartineau 1802 1876 janeausten 1775 1817 englishnovelist notedforherwittystudiesofearly 19th centuryenglishsociety prideandprejudice senseandsensibilityemma georgeeliot 1819 1880 pseudonymofmaryannormarianevans englishnovelist whosebooks withtheirprofoundfeelingandaccurateportrayalsofsimplelives giveheraplaceinthefirstrankof19th centuryenglishwriters herfamewasinternational andherworkgreatlyinfluencedthedevelopmentoffrenchnaturalism adambede 1859 themillonthefloss 1860 andsilasmarner 1861 thus whenicametowrite therewereveryfewmaterialobstaclesinmyway q whatisimpliedinthisstatement a theimpliedmeaningisthatthereareotherobstaclesinherway probablyobstaclesopposedtomaterial thatis obstaclesofaspiritual mentalorpsychologicalnature thefamilypurse metonymy heretheword purse isusedfiguratively itstandsformoney financialconditions e g thefamilypurse 家庭财力 经济 thiskindoffigureofspeechiscalledmetonymy 换喻 转喻 inwhichthenameofonethingisusedinplaceofthatofanotherassociatedwithorsuggestedbyit e g thewhitehouse for thepresident thecrown for theking or thequeen metonymy 换喻 转喻 thepenismightierthanthesword heretheinstrumentpenorswordisusedasthenameofthepeoplewieldingit hesucceededbythesweatofhisbrow sweatofone sbrowstandsforone sownhardwork heistoofondofthebottle thecontainerisusedasanameofthethingcontained wine liqueur ordrinkingingeneral pianosandmodels paris viennaandberlin mastersandmistresses arenotneededbyawriter whatisimpliedhere ifyouwanttobeamusicianorapainter youmustownapianoorhiremodels andyouhavetovisitorevenliveinculturalcenterslikeparis viennaandberlin andalsoyouhavetobetaughtbymastersandmistresses however ifyouwanttobeawriter youdon tneedallthese thecheapnessofwritingpaperis ofcourse thereasonwhywomenhavesucceededaswritersbeforetheyhavesucceededintheotherprofessions q whatcanyouinferaboutwomenatthattime a alowerfinancialstatusthanmen paragraph2mainidea shetellsofhowshebecameabookreviewerwhenshewasagirl paragraphs1and2canbereadtogetherasthebeginningpartofthewholespeech introducingthetopicunderdiscussion fromlefttorightfrommorningtillnightfrombeginningtoendfromtoptotoefromchinatoperu redboxatthecorner breadandbutter synecdoche synecdochebywhichapartisusedforawhole anindividualforaclass amaterialforathing orthereverseofanyofthese synecdoche weneed50handsforthework handsratherthanfeetareusedtostandforpeople itwasafleetof20sails sailsforships haveyougotanycoppers coppersforpennies coinsmadeofcopper heisafootsoldier footforinfantry mainideaofparagraph3 thisparagraphisanimportantpartofherspeech inthisparagraphthespeakerfocusesonthefirstobstacletobecomingaprofessionalwomanwriter sheusesafigureofspeech killingtheangelinthehouse indescribingherdeterminationtogetridoftheconventionalroleofwomeninherwriting mainideaofparagraph4 aftertheangelwasdead thequestionwhichremainstobeansweredis whatisawoman itisatransitionallinkbetweentheauthor sfirstandsecondexperiences mainideaofparagraph5 inthisparagraphtheauthortalksabouthersecondexperienceinherprofessionofliterature asanovelist shewishedtoremain asunconsciousaspossible sothatnothingmightdisturbordisquiettheimagination butshewasfacedwiththeconflictbetweenherownapproachtoartandtheconventionalapproachexpectedofherbymalecritics shebelievedthatsex consciousnesswasagreathindrancetowomen swriting toillustratethispoint sheemploysasecondfigureofspeech theimageofafishermanlyingsunkindreamsonthevergeofadeeplake mainideaofparagraph6 thisparagraphsumsuptheauthor stwoexperiences pointingoutthatthesecondobstacleismoredifficulttoovercomethanthefirst womenhavemanyprejudicestoovercomeintheprofessionofliteratureandespeciallyinnewprofessionsthatwomenareentering 2 whyisthesecondobstaclemoredifficulttosolve thefirsthastodowiththeconsciouswayofthinking one seducation socialattitudesandtraditionalvalues etc thesecondexperiencehastodowithone sunconscious thedepthsoftheunconsciousbeing thusitismoredifficulttodefine toexamineandcertainlyhardertodealwith mainideaofparagraph7 inthislastparagraph woolfconcludesherspeechbyraisingsomeimportantquestionsconcerningthenewroleofwomenandthenewrelationshipbetweenmenandwomen paragraph3mainidea thefirstobstacletobecomingaprofessionalwomanwriter sheusesafigureofspeech killingtheangelinthehouse indescribingherdeterminationtogetridoftheconventionalroleofwomeninherwriting andwhileiwaswritingthisreview dobattlewithacertainphantom thiswordiswellchosenforthediscourse ithasaliterarymeaningandafigurativemeaning theliterarymeaning somethingapparenttosensebutwithnosubstantialexistence aspecterthefigurativemeaning somethingelusiveorvisionary anillusion theangelinthehouse thetitleofapoemwrittenbycoventrypatmore 1823 1896 in1854thefirstpartofthelongpoem theangelinthehouse appeared andthecompletepoemwaspublishedin1863 forpatmore hiswifeemilyrepresentedallthatwasperfectaboutavictorianwifeandheadofthehome thepoembecameveryfamousandattractedamultitudeofreaders angel theoriginalmeaningoftheword angel isamessengerofgodandasupernaturalbeing theconventionalizedimageofanangelisoneofawhite robedfigureinhumanformwithwingsandahalo whenusedfiguratively thewordmeansapersonregardedasbeingasbeautiful good innocent etc asanangel especiallysaidofwomenandchildren victorianera literally it susedtorefertothingsandeventsinthereignofqueenvictoria 1837 1901 connotations prudish repressed and oldfashioned victorianenglandsawgreatexpansionofwealth power andculture shewasintenselysympathetic shewasimmenselycharming shewasutterlyunselfish theauthorliststhreeimportantqualitiesofavictorianwoman intensely meanshavingorshowingstrongemotion firmpurpose andgreatseriousness ifsheisintenselysympathetic hersympathyisfirmandserious immensely meanslimitless vast andhuge utterly meansnotonlytotally completelybutalsounqualifiedandunconditionally 她有着强烈的同情心 她有着无限的魅力 她有着彻底的无私精神 sheexcelledinthedifficultartsoffamilylife sacrificedherselfdaily anothertwoqualitiesofavictorianidealwoman theyrevealwomen ssubordinateroleinthefamilyandsociety iftherewaschicken shetooktheleg q why a differencesineatinghabits iftherewasadraughtshesatinit q why a draught meansacurrentofairinaroom astheenglishweatheristypicallychilly itisnotpleasanttositinthedraught themostcomfortableplaceinanenglishhouseis bythefireplace shewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorwishofherown shewasmadeup formedordesignedinsuchawaythatsheneverhadanopinionorwishofherown bytheword constituted theauthordoesnotmeanphysicallyshewasbuiltthatway butthetraditionalvaluesthatweresodeeplyplantedinherminddeprivedherofamindofherown theword mind hasmultiplemeanings inthissentenceitmeanswhatonethinks opinion asin speakyourmind butpreferredtosympathizealwayswiththemindsandwishesofothers butpreferredtothinkandactinharmonywithotherpeople smindsandwishessympathize rare tobeinharmonyoraccord shewaspure ofallthequalities puritywasthemostimportantone theword pure meansvirgin chaste andvirtuous queenvictoria 1819 1901 queenofgreatbritainandireland empressofindia victoria slongreignbeganin1837andendedwhenshediedin1901 victoria sreignsawtherapidindustrializationofbritain andavastgrowthofnationalwealth reflectedintheimperialismofthelate19thcentury thewholereignmaybedividedintotwophases eachroughlythirtyyearslong thefirstperiodischaracterizedmainlybymoderateandgradualpoliticalreforms therapidgrowthofindustry anenormousincreaseinpopulationandtherisetopoweroftheindustrialmiddleclass queenvictoria 1819 1901 thesecondperiodischaracterizedbyadecliningbirthrate anincreasinglyjingoisticnationalism 沙文主义 theloomingspecterofmassunemploymentandeconomiccrisis thetendencyofthenewsciencetounderminedeeplyheldreligiousconvictionsandthereflectioninliteratureofagrowingdisillusionmentwithtraditionalmoralvalues theterm victorian isusedtorefertothe63 yearreignofqueenvictoria totheenglishpeopleoftheperiod totheliteraturewritteninthisperiod totheircharacteristics sentiments beliefs tastes andaccomplishments thistermisoftenusedtosuggestthequalitiesandattitudesprevailinginthetime suchasmoralseverityorhypocrisy middle classstuffiness 古板 andpompousconservatismthatareusuallyassociatedwiththetimeofqueenvictoria inthosedays thelastdaysofqueenvictoria everyhousehaditsangel thissentencecanbeinterpretedontwolevels onthefirstlevel inthelastdaysofqueenvictoria everyhousehadawomanlikethat whowassympathetic charming unselfishandaboveallpure onadeeperlevel inthelastperiodofthereignofqueenvictoria thebeliefthateverywomanshouldbesympathetic charming unselfish andaboveallpure wasprevalentinenglishsociety besympathetic betender flatter deceive usealltheartsandwilesofoursex 1 thesewordssaidbytheangelinthehousereflectthetraditionalvictorianvaluesaboutgenderroles assoonastheauthorbegantowriteherreview sheseemedtohearavoicetellingherwhattodo 2 tobesympatheticmeanstounderstandthemindofmenandnottodisagreewiththem 3 tobetendermeansshemustnotbetooharshinhercriticism 4 toflatter shemustpraisethebookinaninsincerewayinordertopleasethereadingpublic 5 todeceiveindicatesthatshecouldnotwritewhatshereallythought shewouldhavetotellliesinsteadoftellingthetruth andshemadeasiftoguidemypen paraphrase shemovedinawaythatmadeitseemthatshewasgoingtoguidemywriting makeasiftodosomething tomoveinawaythatmakesitseemthatyouaregoingtodosomething e g fred stillgrinning madeasiftohitme inowrecordtheoneactforwhichitakesomecredittomyself formyliving 1 credit uncountable approvalthatyougivetosomeoneforsomethingtheyhavedone creditforcreditforthiswingoestoeverybodyintheteam theynevergivegeneanycreditforalltheextraworkhedoes take claim deserveetc the creditshedeservescreditfortryingherbest tosomebody scredit usedtosaythatsomeonehasdonesomethinggood tojamie scredit heremainedcalm creditmustgotofionaformakingsureeverythingransmoothly 2 fivehundredpoundsayear backintheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury thiswasagoodsumofmoney 3 translate 我现在要讲件多少是我自己决定做的一件事情 当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我的了不起的祖先 是他们给我留下了一笔财产 比如说每年五百英镑吧 这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了 ifiweretobehadupinacourtoflaw paraphrase ifiweretobetakentocourthavesomebodyup britishenglish aninformalsetphrase meaningtotakesomeonetocourt especiallytoprovetheyareguiltyofacrime lastyearhewashadupfordrunkendriving hadinotkilledhershewouldhavekilledme theinversionisusedinthesubjunctivemood paraphrase ifihadnotkilledhershewouldhavekilledme rememberthatthephantomandtheangelareusedmetaphorically appliedtoastereotypedvictorianwoman orrather thetraditionalroleofavictorianwomanandthetraditionalvaluesaboutsuchastereotype sobykillingtheangel theauthormeansgettingridofthesevictorianattitudescompletely ifshehadnotdoneso theseconventionalideaswouldhavedestroyedher itisalife and deathstruggle for asifound directlyiputpentopaper abouthumanrelations morality sex paraphrase ifoundthatassoonasibeganwriting onemusthaveanabilityofindependentthinkingandhavethecouragetoexpresswhatonethinkstobethetruthabouthumanrelations moralityandsex allthesequestions accordingtotheangelinthehouse cannotbedealtwith tosucceed paraphrase accordingtothevictorianattitudes womenarenotsupposedtodiscussandexplorethesequestionsfreelyandopenly theymustusetheirfemininecharmtogainrecognitionfrommen theymustmakeconcessionsintheirarguments theymusttellliesinordertosucceedintheprofessionofwriting thus wheneverifelttheshadowofherwingortheradianceofherhalo flungitather paraphrase thus wheneverifelttheinfluenceofthevictorianattitudesonmywriting ifoughtbackwithallmypower notethatthissentenceispartofherextendedmetaphorofkillingtheangelinthehouse shediedhard paraphrase shedidn tdieeasily shehadtobekilled implication theimpliedmeaningisthatonehadtofightagainstthevictoriantraditionsbravelyandresolutelyinordertogetridofthem herfictitiousnaturewasofgreatassistancetoher itisfarhardertokillaphantomthanareality 1 thephantomortheangelinthehouseisnotarealperson theauthorisonlypersonifyingit itdoesnothaveaphysicalform infactitisamentalimageandhasanimaginarynature itisfarmoredifficulttodealwithaphantomthanareality thereasonisexplainedinthenextsentence 2 fictitious referringtothatwhichisinventedbytheimaginationandisthereforenotreal true oractuallyexistent shewasalwayscreepingbackwhenithoughtihaddispatchedher implication theimpliedmeaningisthatitishardtoovercomethoseprejudicesonceandforall whenyouthinkthatyouhavedoneawaywiththem youwillfindtheyarebackagain sothestruggletakesalongtime asexplainedinthenextsentence thoughiflattermyselfthatikilledherintheend thestrugglewassevere ittookmuchtimethathadbetterhavebeenspentuponlearninggreekgrammar orinroamingtheworldinsearchofadventures paraphrase althoughimademyselfbelievethatikilledherintheend thestrugglewassevereandittooksomuchmoretimethanhadbeenexpectedthatonewouldratherspendallthattimeonlearninggreekgrammarortravelingintheworldinsearchofadventures wordsandexpressions phantomreputablesympathizecreditdirectlypluckconciliatedispatch despatchbefall dobattlewithcall afterartsandwilesmakeasiftodoturnuponcatchsomeonebythethroathavesomeoneupbeboundtodoflatteroneselfthat themainideaofparagraph4 aftertheangelwasdead thequestionwhichremainstobeansweredis whatisawoman itisatransitionallinkbetweentheauthor sfirstandsecondexperiences idonotbelievethatanybodycanknowuntilshehasexpressedherselfinalltheartsandprofessionsopentohumanskill paraphrase notuntilawomanisabletodemonstrateherabilitiesinalltheprofessionsavailabletohumankind cansheknowwhatisawoman whydidwoolfwanttobecomeanovelist whatisanovelist schiefdesire whydoesanovelistwantlifetoproceedwiththeutmostquietandregularity whydoeshewanttodothesamethingdayafterdayandmonthaftermonth accordingtowoolf whatrousesawomanwriterfromhertrance domenallowwomenwriterstotalkabouttheirbodyandpassions paragraph5 themainideaofparagraph5 theauthortalksabouthersecondexperience asanovelist shewishedtoremain asunconsciousaspossible sothatnothingmightdisturbordisquiettheimagination yetsex consciousnessservedasagreathindrancetowomen swriting toillustratethispoint sheemploysasecondfigureofspeech theimageofafishermanlyingsunkind