定语从句归纳总结.doc

定语从句归纳总结定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。一几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as（2）关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】6.引导词的功能（作用）：（1）连接先行词和定语从句。（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。7.定语从句的类型：（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who youre talking to is my friend. 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导The man to whom youre talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 直接由引导词引导定语从句。 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.This is the man to whom I gave the book. 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad.(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。The man, _ is sitting on the chair, is my father.The woman, _ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.The city, _ is far away, is very beautiful.He went to America, _ his parents live.He joined the Army yesterday, _ I left, too.4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：The house, whose window faces south, is mine.=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now? 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.I didnt find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾）The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。 当作介宾时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is