倒装解题三步曲 张新稳.doc

倒装解题三部曲河北衡水中学 张新稳 英语中，通常句子的主语位于谓语动词的前面，这种语序叫自然语序或者陈述句语序。在某些固定的句型中，为了保持句子的平衡或为了强调某一部分并使上下文衔接紧密，会出现句子的谓语动词或谓语的一部分要放在主语的前面，这种语序的句子就叫倒装句。倒装句是中学英语中的重要语法项目和重要考点之一。笔者结合多年教学实践认为解答时只要做到三步，一切倒装试题就可以迎刃而解了。第一步：寻找信息分清倒装的类型【例1】 (2010年陕西高考题) John opened the door . There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl【例2】 (2005年辽宁高考题) In the dark forests _，some large enough to hold several English towns. A. stand many lakesB. lie many lakesC. many lakes lieD. many lakes stand【例3】(2007年上海高考题) How was the televised debate last night?Super! Rarely_so much media attention.A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate【例4】(2006年湖北高考题)_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you beB. Should you be C. Could you beD. Might you be【例5】(2006年福建高考题) Its burning hot today，isnt it? Yes._ yesterday.A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it【例6】(2007年全国卷) If Joes wife wont go to the party，_.A. he will either B. neither will heC. he neither will D. either he will倒装句分全部倒装和部分倒装两种。整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装；部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫部分倒装句。解题时寻找信息来判断倒装的类型是很关键的。【例1】和【例2】考查完全倒装。1) Here, there, now, then，up, down, in, out, away, off等表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是be, come, go, remain , stand, sit , lie等，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。【例1】中there位于句首。答案：D。2）作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。【例2】中把地点状语In the dark forests提前，构成了完全倒装句。题干的前半部分的正常结构应为:Many lakes lie in the dark forests。而此处如选A项可改为In the dark forests stand many monuments，stand表“耸立，屹立”，不能修饰lake。B项中的lie表“躺；位于”。 答案：B。【例3】【例4】【例5】和【例6】考查不完全倒装。1）将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类状语有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely.when, no soonerthan, not onlybut also, not until, nowhere, neithernor等。【例3】中rarely放到句首了，所以需部分倒装。答案：B。2) 在非真实条件句中含有were, had, should等助动词时，可以将if省略，把助动词放在非真实条件句的句首的部分倒装形式。【例4】句意为：如果你被炒了，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词可以用should +动词原形。从句中把if省略了，所以把should提前。答案：B。3）soneithernor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用部分倒装结构，形式为“soneithernor助动词系动词情态动词主语”（so表示肯定意义，neithernor表示否定意义）。【例5】“昨天也是这样（也很热）。”表肯定意义。答案：A。【例6】 “如果乔的妻子不去晚会，他也不去。”表否定意义。答案：B。注意：如果so表示强调， 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构则是“so主语助动词系动词情态动词”的形式，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。【例7】Well，I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. (05年辽宁卷) _. A. So it is B. So is it C. So does itD. So it does解析：肯定前一句话中的宾语从句 “the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal”, so引导的句子不进行倒装，而且so引导的句子中谓语动词要与该宾语从句中的谓语动词相一致。答案：A。第二步：研究标志-判断倒装的位置【例8】(2007年重庆高考题)_ ，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound【例9】(2009年海南高考题) The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was saved D. was saved teachers energy【例10】(2006年天津高考题) Did Linda see the traffic accident?No，no sooner _than it happened. A. had she goneB. she had goneC. has she goneD. she has gone【例11】(2009年四川高考题) Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went 【例12】(2009年山东高考题)So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 【例13】 (2008年江苏高考题) _ you eat the correct foods_ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will任何倒装句型都有其标志，这个标志也是构成倒装句型的条件。部分倒装句中，若有主从句，应认真研究标志词，判断哪句倒装。1）not until放句首作状语表示强调时,只倒主句。【例11】not until I came home last night位于句首时,要用部分倒装的句型，把助动词did提到主语Mum的前面。答案：B。2）Hardly when; No sooner.than句型中，只倒前面的主句 (主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时）。【例10】no sooner.than.为固定结构形式，表示“刚就”，no sooner位于句首，后常接“had+主语”这一倒装结构。答案：A。 3）neither nor(既不, 也不)句型，前后两个句子都倒装。如：Neither has he called her, nor will he do so. 他既没有给她打电话，他也不会打。4）not onlybut also（不但而且）句型中，前面的句子倒装。【例9】句意为：计算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师节省能量，而且学生对课程更感兴趣。not only放在句首作状语，句子则进行部分倒装。前一部分倒装，后一部分不倒装。答案： B。5）only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时，主句要倒装。【例13】句意为：只有吃适当的食物，你才能够保持健康。only if位于句首时，只有主句应用部分倒装形式。答案：A。 6）sothat/ suchthat(如此以至于) 中 so+ adj./adv或such提前到句首时，主句用倒装语序。【例12】so sudden置于句首，实行部分倒装，又sudden是形容词，作表语。答案：C。7）as（尽管）引导的让步从句中必须将表语或状语（名词、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词等）提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词+as +主语+谓语的其它部分”的倒装形式，有时用though代替as。【例8】句意为：尽管听起来奇怪，他的观点被所有与会人员接受。其结构为：adj. +as+主语+句子其他部分。答案：D。提示：使用as进行倒装时需要注意的是：句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。【例14】(2005年重庆高考题) _，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student 答案:B。句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 第三步：斟酌句意-确定倒装的时态【例15】(2007年辽宁高考题) I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom_so lonely asnow.A. have I felt B.I had feltC.I have felt D. had I felt【例16】(2005年上海高考题) Never before _in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was【例17】(2008年江西高考题) It was announced that only when the fire was under control_ to return to their homesAthe residents would be permitted Bhad the residents been permittedCwould the residents be permitted Dthe residents had been permitted【例18】(2005天津高考题)They have a good knowledge of English but little _they know about German.A. haveB. didC. hadD. do 解答倒装试题，在做好前两步的基础上，还要斟酌句意，确定倒装的时态，这是取胜的保障。【例15】当否定副词seldom置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式。将现在与以前相比较，故用现在完成时，句意为：我一直在美国住了20年了，但我很少感觉到像现在这样孤独。答案：A。【例16】当含有否定意义的never放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。句意为：这座城市从来没有比现在更需要现代公共交通运输系统。结合语境判断，本题应为完