Past perfect tense (牛津9A unit5grammar)过去完成时态精品ppt课件

Unit5GrammarPastperfecttense 知识回顾 1 Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday 一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 强调过去某一特定的时间 2 Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去 但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响 与现在有关 其结构为 助动词have has 过去分词 温故而知新 Shehadputmostofhereffortintoballettrainingbeforesheenteredthefilmindustry ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar a Sheputmostofhereffortintoballettraining Whathappenedfirst b Sheenteredthefilmindustry a Shewasamodel Whathappenedfirst b shebecameaHollywoodsuperstar thePastPerfecttense Structure 结构 had pp 动词的过去分词 pp 规则的 不规则的 clean believe study stop cleanedbelievedstudiedstopped cut buy do come cutboughtdonecome 过去完成时的概念 Shehadputmostofhereffortintoballettrainingbeforesheenteredthefilmindustry ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作 即 过去的过去 thepastpast now future past thepastpast beforethepast 1 WestartedtolearnEnglish5yearsago 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态 2 WehavelearnedEnglishfor5years 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去 但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响 与现在有关 其结构为 助动词have has 过去分词 5yearsagonow 5yearsagohavelearnednow Revision Completethetableusingthepastperfecttense hadacted hadbeen hadbegun hadbrought hadhelped hadopened hadseen hadsung 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态即 过去的过去 past in the past pastinthepast past now 过去完成时的概念与结构特点 had done Millieranbacktoschoolbecauseshehadlefthermagazineintheclassroom Whathappenedfirst a Millieranbacktoschool b Millielefthermagazineintheclassroom Practice WehadlearnedEnglishfor4yearsbylastyear 5yearsagolastyearnow hadlearned Simonleftschoollatebecausethefootballgamehadstartedlate Whathappenedfirst a Simonleftschoollate b Thefootballgamestartedlate Whathappenedfirst Danielarrivedoutofbreath hehadgonetothewrongcinema a Danielarrivedoutofbreath b Danielwenttothewrongcinema Whathappenedfirst Amyhadlostherpurseandhadtogotothepolicestation a Amylostherpurse b Amywenttothepolicestation Connecttwosentenceswith before when after 1 Ifinishedmyhomeworkat8 00thismorning Iwenttothemuseumat8 30thismorning 2 Milliewenthomeat6 00P mthisafternoon Millie smothercookedat5 00P mthisafternoon 3 Danieltaughtinamiddleschoolbetween1990to1997 Danieljoinedthearmyin1998 IhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwenttothemuseumthismorning IhadfinishedmyhomeworkwhenIwenttothemuseumthismorning IwenttothemuseumafterIhadfinishedmyhomeworkthismorning Millie smotherhadcookedbeforeshewenthomethisafternoon Millie smotherhadcookedwhenshewenthomethisafternoon Milliewenthomeafterhermotherhadcookedthisafternoon Danielhadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7yearsbeforehejoinedthearmy Danielhadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7yearswhenhejoinedthearmy Danieljoinedthearmyafterhehadtaughtinamiddleschoolfor7years Workouttherule Ifwewanttotalkabouttwopastactionsinasentence thepastperfecttenseisusedforthe earlier later action earlier Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday 1 Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday 2 Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen 温故而知新 Fillintheblanks I clean theclothesbeforeyoucameback 2 She leave alreadywhenyouarrived they know thisbeforeyoutoldthem 4 We nottell youbeforeyouknewit 5 Shecameafterwe wait forherforhalfanhour hadcleaned hadleft Hadknown hadn ttold hadwaited RewritethesentencesHehadstoodupbeforehecleanedthewindow hehadstoodup hecleanedthewindow HisfatherwenttoBeijing Hearrivedhome 用before合并句子 Hisfather Beijingbeforehe home After hadgoneto arrived Exercises 1 Thetrain leave beforeIgottotherailwaystation 2 Wehadbreakfastafterwe do morningexercise 3 MissYang be atypistbeforeshemovedtoShenzhen 4 Whenwereachedthecinema thefilm begin 5 We learn twounitsbylastmonth 6 They be totheUSAtentimesbytheendofSeptember 7 She finish herhomeworkbeforenineo clocklastnight hadleft haddone hadbeen hadbegun hadfinished hadlearned hadbeen 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有 1 by 过去的时间点 2 bytheendof 过去的时间点 3 before 过去的时间点 如 by1990 byyesterdayevening bythen 如 bytheendoflastterm 如 before9 00a m 构成 1 肯定句 主语 助动词had 过去分词 v ed 其他 其中had通用于各种人称 1 Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel 2 否定句 主语 hadn t hadnot v ed 其他 3 一般疑问句 Had 主语 v ed 其他 2 Bynineo clockyesterdayeveninghehadn tgothome 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 had 主语 v ed 3 Hadyouknownanythingaboutourschoolbeforeyoucamehere Yes Ihad No Ihadn t 4 Whathadyoursisterbeenbeforeshebecameanactress 二 过去完成时的判断依据 1 由 过去的过去 来判定 过去完成时表示 过去的过去 是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作 即动作有先后关系 动作在前的用过去完成时 在后的用一般过去时 这种用法常出现在 在时间 条件 原因 方式等状语从句中 主 从句的动作发生有先后关系 动作在前的 要用过去完成时 动作在后的要用一般过去时 如 WhenIgottothestation thetrainhadalreadyleft Afterhehadfinishedhishomework hewenttobed 1 状语从句中 2 宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时 且从句的动作先于主句的动作时 从句要用过去完成时 在told said knew heard thought等动词后的宾语从句 如 Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore Theyexplainedwhathadhappened 2 由时间状语来判定 一般说来 各种时态都有特定的时间状语 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有 1 by 过去的时间点 如 Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo clocklastnight 2 bytheendof 过去的时间点 如 WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm 3 before 过去的时间点 如 TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday 3 根据上 下文来判定 ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday Wehadn tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing Hefeltrathertiredbecausehehadworkedforthewholenight Payattention Ishould Iwould和Ihad的省略形式皆为I d 在具体运用时 应根据具体结构判定究竟哪种情况的省略 注意 过去完成时典型错误例析 1 昨晚我们看了电影 a Wehadseenthefilmyesterdayevening b Wesawthefilmyesterdayevening 过去完成时所表示的时间是 过去的过去 只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它 如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间 则句子只能用一般过去时 而不用过去完成时 2 当我到达那儿时 电影已经放了五分钟了 a ThefilmhasbeenonforfiveminuteswhenIgotthere b ThefilmhadbeenonforfiveminuteswhenIgotthere 在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的动作 要用过去完成时 它的动作的起点为过去 终点也为过去 即 过去的过去 而现在完成时的动作起点为过去 终点则为现在 3 到上学期末 他们已学会了五首英语歌曲 a Bytheendoflastterm theyhavelearnedfiveEnglishsongs b Bytheendoflastterm theyhadlearnedfiveEnglishsongs bytheendoflastterm意为 到上学期末为止 显然它是 以过去某一时间为终点的 故只能用过去完成时态 不用现在完成时态 4 他昨天见到了 ill 他们已有两年没见面了 a HesawBillyesterday Theyhaven tmeteachotherfortwoyears b HesawBillyesterday Theyhadn tmeteachotherfortwoyears 他们没见面 是到 昨天 为止的 而不是到现在为止 是过去的过去 故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达 李梅很高兴 因为她期中考试及格了 a LiMeiwasveryglad becauseshepassedthemid termexam b LiMeiwasveryglad becauseshehadpassedthemid termexam 当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时 那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态 句中passthemid termexam的动作是发生在过去动作wasveryglad之前的 故pass需用hadpassed表示 6 他走进屋 打开灯 然后开始写起来 a Hehadcomeintotheroom turnedonthelightandbegantowrite b Hecameintotheroom turnedonthelightandbegantowrite 当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时 我们常常使用一般过去时态 注意 以上几个动作为短暂性动作 动作之间几乎没有时间间断 同样 在before after引导的时间状语从句中 由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系 若主 从句表示的动作紧密相连 则主 从句都用一般过去时 如 Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere Afterheclosedthedoor helefttheclassroom Exercises一 句型转换 1 Thepartyhadbegunwhenhearrived 改为一般疑问句 2 Ihadfinishedthecompetitionby8 00yesterday 对划线部分提问 thecompetition 3 Theyhadworkedfor10yearsbytheendoflastyear 改为否定句 4 Hadyoureachedthetopofthehillbeforemidnight 否定回答 Hadthepartybegunwhenhearrived Whenhadyoufinished Theyhadn tworkedfor10yearsbytheendoflastyear No wehadn t 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 HowmanyEnglishwords you learn bytheendoflastterm 2 I read thebooktwicetillyesterday 3 He learn Englishbeforehecamehere 4 WhenIgottothestation thetrain leave 5 Bythetimehewasfourteenhe set upasmallchemistrylabforhisson 6 AfterI finish doingmyhomework Iwenttosleep 7 They notread threebooksbythen 8 Whydidn tyouseethefilmyesterday BecauseI see it 10 Ireceivedaletterfrommyfriend We nothear fromeachothersince1987 11 he know anythingbeforeyoutoldhimit 12 We learn 2000Englishwordssincewecametothisschool We learn 2000wordsbylastweeksincewecametothisschool We learn 500wordslastterm 13 He end hisprojectbynextweek He end hisprojectbylastweek 14 A hestill do hishomeworkwhenyou get homeyesterday B No he already do itwhenIgothome Exercises二 hadlearned hadread hadlearned hadleft hadset hadfinished hadn tread hadseen hadn theard Hadknown havelearned hadlearned learned willend hadended Wasdoing got haddone Fillintheblanks I clean theclothesbeforeyoucameback 2 She leave alreadywhenyouarrived they know thisbeforeyoutoldthem 4 We nottell youbeforeyouknowit 5 Shecameafterwe wait forherforhalfanhour hadcleaned hadleft Hadknown hadn ttold hadwaited Fillintheblanks 1 IsaidI have lunchalready 2 Shetoldusshe notbe toBeijingyet 3 Iwonderedifthey live inNanjingforthreeyears 4 DidyousayI pass theexamalready 5 HeaskedhowmanybooksI read already hadhad hadn tbeen hadlived hadpassed hadread Fillintheblanks 1 We learn 3000wordsbylastterm 2 you live herefor20yearsby2004 3 They work for10yearsbytheendoflastyear 4 I teach youfortwoyearsbytheendoflastterm hadlearned h Had lived hadworked hadtaught Translation 1 截止到2003年 我们已经看过40电影了 2 截止到九月底 他们已经去过美国十二次了 Wehadalreadyseen40filmsby2003 TheyhadalreadybeentotheUSAtentimesby