中美餐桌礼仪文化对比

河南科技学院2011届本科毕业论文 The Differences of Table manners between Chinese and United States中美餐桌礼仪文化对比学生姓名： 王玲慧 所在系别：_外国语言文学系 所学专业： 英 语 导师姓名： 苏继秋 完成时间： 2015年5月 On the Mechanism of MetaphorWanglinghuiXinke College of Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyMay, 2011 Contents Acknowledgments. iAbstract .ii摘要 .I. Introduction.1II. .Differences of table manners .12.1 Arrangement of seat.22.1.1Arrangement of seat in Chinese way.22.1.2Arrangement of seat in American way.32.1.3The reason of seat arrangement.32.2 Tablewars.52.2.1 how to use and where to put Chinese tableware.5 2.2.1.1Chopsticks.5 2.2.1.2Spoon.52.2.1.3Plate.5 2.2.1.4Glass.6 2.2.1.5Napkin.62.2.2 How to use and where to put American table ware.7 2.2.2.1Knife and fork.8 2.2.2.2Spoon.8 2.2.2.3The right order to use tableware.8 2.2.3Reasons that cause the differences between table wares.92.3The right order of dish up.9 2.3.1Chinese order.9 2.3.2American order.10 2.3.3Different value that reflected by those order.102.4Different atmosphere at table .102.5 The way to finish eating .113. Conclusion.11Bibliography.12AcknowledgmentsFour years of study life in this season drew to an end, but in my life is only a comma, again, I will face the beginning of the journey. Four years of academic careers in the support from the teachers and friends, go hard but harvest full capsule, in a forthcoming paper, mind, and Im ripping mad. Great celebrity worship for me, but I have more eagerly to my respect and praise for an ordinary person, my mentor. I am not your best student, and you are my most respected teacher Your rigor, knowledgeable, thoughtful, view holds that build a good mental atmosphere for me To teach fishing is better than teach them to fish, in which, narrative, osmosis, made me not only to accept new ideas, set up the magnificent academic goals, grasp the basic way of thinking, from paper topics chosen to essay writing guide, by your loving hands, after thinking again understanding, often let me have all have no way, scenes and village. Thanks to my mom and dad, how much breakwater grass, tree back, gratefulness, repay you, you always healthy and happy is my biggest wish .In the paper the completed, my heart cant calm, from began to enter the subject thesis is completed, how many respectable teachers Friends gave me speechless help, here please accept my sincere appreciation. At the same time also thank college graduation design for I provide a good environment. AbstractThis essay is aseptically talk about the differences of table manners between Chinese and the United States. In the modern society ,they have a lot of cross between Chinese and America in table manners. It has influenced Chinese people and America people in their normal life which involves a lot of aspects in table manners. About this essay ,we will talk about more different between Chinese and America, for example ,the different ways people sit for meal ,the different dining culture and different table wares and so on . At the same time, it can make us understand the situation. From this way ,we can know that the culture background of America ,and it is also can help Chinese people to built harmonious relationship with America people.Key words : table manners, table culture ,difference ,Chinese and America ,culture background 摘 要这篇文章特别讲述了中国和美国餐桌礼仪文化的不同之处和相同之处。在当今的社会中，中国和美国餐桌礼仪文化有很多的交叉点。餐桌礼仪文化在很多方面影响着中国和美国。关于这篇文章，我们将关于中国和美国餐桌礼仪文化迥异方面进行探讨，例如，餐桌上吃饭座次的不同，不同的饮食文化，以及餐桌上的餐具不同等等。与此同时，餐桌礼仪文化能让我们理解所处的情景。从这个方面，我们可以知道美国的背景文化，以及它可以帮助中美人民建立良好的关系。关键词：餐桌文化， 不同点，文化背景，餐桌礼仪 I. Introduction With the development of global economy , it is more frequent for Chinese to communicate with America and very easy to know the difference between Chinese and America . one of the most important things is that it is easy for you to learn the difference of table manners. It is very normal for people to have dinner of life. On the opposite ,to eat dinner is an important part of peoples life.“John Loke ,a well-known British philosopher once said ,the purpose of playing a ceremonial role is to change the original stubborn to gentle ,so that peoples temper can get more moderate and let people learn to respect for others and get along with each others .”(Duan ,Chen ,2008)It is no reason that some people who dont know each other begin to know. Those acquaintances can get well understand of others to say love to each other. The reason that why table manners is so fantastic is that it give us a kind of way to acquiring more information ,there is no doubt that table manners are really important in peoples normal life. There have lots of differences between Chinese and America in food cultures, and this differences will make different table manners.China is a country who with five thousand civilizations in the world. Chinese nation is the civilization that is only with the inheritance millennium ,but the United States of America have experienced the darkness of Middle Ages and to the Renaissance ,it had divided the capitalism and modern civilization. Nowadays, globalization has developed a lot ,on the one side, Chinese has become more and more stronger than before. There a lot of foreign people come to China ,and we may be invited by Americas friends. This essay is mainly talk about the differences of table manners between Chinese and America. It aims to approach to make the communication more successfully.II. Differences of table manners “Social customs differ greatly from one country to another . it is therefore impossible to give guidelines that are universally applicable. To be honest ,you should act naturally ,always remaining friendly ,courteous, and dignified.”(Qian,2006).It is ideology for Chinese to have the collective consciousness when American is individualism. For this reason while American people are invited to join the dinner or party ,they will have their own plan to have what kind meal and drink their own wine ,avoiding to push others people to accept their ideas not on their own will. On the other hand ,Chinese people would think this kind of doing is ridiculous . the reason why they think so is that Chinese culture, individual should have the consciousness. China has important harmonization, and there goes to say that Harmony is most precious. So that Chinese people like to come together and eat together.2.1Arrangement of seat2.1.1Arrangement of seat in Chinese wayAs for the seat to eat meals in China, Chinese people always choose round tables when they eat together. It has lots of rules for people to eat in China, such as, where to out the round table, which seat is for the important guest and so on.In the old time, Chinese people use the number of table to stop the kind of banquet. It has two little tables, both on the right and left. As for the larger banquet, will be four or five tables ,with more complicated rules for people to obey. The top table always on the right hand and farthest to portal . Whats more, the distance to the top table is also very important . To be honest ,the seat which is very close to the top seat is consider precedence. For example ,when you take part in wedding ,all the numbers of your family who is the leader of the bride must be arranged the table that which is very close to the top table. And hosts should arrange the guest on this way by relationship .There has a very import thing is that the host sit after all the guest have the seat. 2.1.2Arrangement of seat in American wayAmerican people are more like long table rather than round table while having meal with friends. The host and the hostess are sit at both top of this long table ,and the guest sit at the other seat. Man and woman are should be arranged to seat alternately. The most important guest will have a seat at the toper right side of the host .American gentleman is very focus on about lady first, they are always hospitable to ladies. But in China, left is honor and the left is secondary ;of course in the front of right and the left is slant. While in American, right is honor and left is secondary.The right way to take the seat in American is sit by the left hand, elbow can not put onto the table and your hands are not allow to touch feet. It is good for you not to walk around before the meal is finished(unless you really have some thing to do immediately ) .When at diner ,it do you well to sit straightly. 2.1.3The reason of seat arrangementThe main idea of Chinese seat arrangement is that Chinese culture , Chinese culture is a kind of group with consciousness, and the people confirm that individual should obey the group consciousness, so that Chinese people use the round table for friends to get together for meal. The different table manners of China and the United States culture is an important part of national cultural differences of China and the United States. Traditional western culture is a farming culture and Marine culture, and Chinas farming culture and land culture, two different cultures reflect the differences in lifestyle, including table manners cultural differences is the typical one aspect, each country, each region of the people are consciously or unconsciously revealed in the diet with its profound cultural background. The Chinese comparison pay attention to taste, so tend to be more careful when cook, every detail to do very well. Sometimes a dish may need a long time to prepare food in advance, in order to achieve the desired taste, when doing the cooking for a long time. Thus improve the taste of Chinese food, now more and more foreigners like Chinese food. Chinese dishes in color, flavor or above the top of the other, are delicate, even above the order of the material is very special.2.2Tablewars In the United States table habits and China have in common, Is there much of a difference in, For instance, Americans go in on the left side of the table is also from the seat, Also cant literally of dishes on the table, Their elbows cant in the above table. In a formal banquet, The guest to wait for the host put his napkin on his knees, To put his napkin, Due to western men have the custom of the gentleman poise, Men to help women move seats, This and the Chinese culture and etiquette is a little difference, Because China has experienced the baptism of thousands of years of feudal ideas, So led to a woman in no man of high social status. But as the accelerating exchanges between Chinese and western culture, China is also slowly moving closer to the west. Chinese woman now is becoming more and more respected is not far from the dinner. About the dinner, the two sides also has the very big difference, Chinese meal of the time like to use chopsticks, Drink the soup with a spoon. When dishes, First led by the guest, to eat, Cant make a sound when you eat, You should use a spoon slowly drink soup, Can not directly use bowl to drink. When the dish, May be they are far away, We eat less as far as possible, Eat dont flush when you eat ,It is necessary to the appropriate pay attention to the people around you, Dont gobble big eat, To timely take time to talk to people around a few funny words, So we can properly adjust the mood, But his mouth should not eat anything with speak to others.2.2.1 how to use and where to put Chinese tablewares It is usually use chopsticks and small dish, bowl and glass in Chinese table when they meet together. It is very important to put the chopsticks and the small dish ,bowl and glass in right way. At usually time ,we always put the plate on the right hand, and the wineglass on the right hand. Chopsticks and spoon are always put on the left hand . And this can be divide into the flowing parts .2.2.1.1ChopsticksIt is really necessary for Chinese people to use chopsticks in the table to eat meal. 2.2.1.2Spoon Spoon is used to scooping food. And it also be used to divide big size food. But ,youd better not use spoon to scoop too much food at one time .It is implate to scoop a full spoon food each time. Because it may go out to make your clothes dirty. It is correct for you to wait a few seconds while you scoop food .And youd better to put the spoon on your left hand if it is not needed, and it is good for you to use your plate to eat food not by spoon.2.2.1.3PlateThe plate in smaller size is small dish, which is used to put food, just like bowl. Plates on the table should not move or pile up. The main function of small dish is to store food that picked from the public plates temporarily. When using small dishes, you should not put too much food together at one time. It is very impolite and might affect the tastes of food. The dreg of food or bones should put at the edge of the plate. You can not spit them from mouth directly to the plate or table or to the ground. You should use chopsticks to bring them to the plate. If the small dish is full, you can ask the waiter or waitress to shift one.2.2.1.4GlassGlasses are used to store soft drink ,some water, fruit juice. It is not use glass to drink water. You can not spit out drink back to the glass. It is impolite and make guests fell sick.2.2.1.5NapkinIn China, if you eat in restaurants, waiters will offer you a wet warm towel to make your hand clean before meal. Then you can eat by yourself. Sometime at big banquets, waiter may give you another towel to wash hands. It is a little different to give the guest the towel, and you can ask for another one can to clean mouth, this is different for clean face . 2.2.2 How to use and where to put American table wareIn western culture, people use knife, fork, spoon and so on. 2.2.2.1Knife and forkThe basic way of using the knife and fork. Right hand knife and fork in the left hand, is a generic method, of course, if you are left-handed, or you are just like the left hand knife, nor can not accommodating. Request right hand knife is not international standard, but the right hand with a knife cut food more convenient. Hold the fork take method for the index finger straight back. The knife method also differ with situation. It is not be cut food after, again with the right hand fork to send food to the mouth. If a party or casual atmosphere in the family store, of course it does not matter. Food on the table after the basic action, that is, his right hand knife cut it, and then left the food with a fork, fork down food left, fixed, along the side of the fork knife cut about the size of a mouthful of food, food into his mouth fork can be directly.2) the correct position and the right AngleThere is no way to get your food cut open, and the first thing to start from the position correction. On both sides of the elbow is too high can make the knife and fork Angle is too large, and in vertical state; If the elbow is too low, will make his knife and fork is fallen state, so there is no way to cut will arrange. Correct position is: shoulder and wrist relax on the body, two arms knife with the Angle of the plate at about 15degrees. Such not only can easily cut the food, but also pose looks more elegant.The movement of the knife there is also a main point, the first to push on the left hand fork, and then gently move a knife, the knife back when not hard, but when go down hard, like this can cut cleanly through the food. Note: the table knife and fork put are fixed, the left-handed when use fork and knife position can be interchangeable, but after the meal, still need to use the tableware according to the normal position, so just to avoid the service personnel.3) how to put a knife and forkDinner for eightA knife and fork in addition to the function of the food to the mouth, there is about another very important function.Of knives and forks put way conveys meal or some signals the dinner. The waiter is to judge the guests dining according to the signal, a so as to decide whether to clean tableware and prepare the next service. Note: on one side of the blade must be facing you, the blade for others is a sign of hostility. There is are two by the end o