高三语法复习非谓语动词.ppt

Grammar非谓语动词非谓语动词功能比较todo的复合结构 ingform的复合结构非谓语动词的否定式 ingform与pp的区别独立主格结构 1 谓语动词与非谓语动词 在句子中担任谓语的动词 叫做谓语动词 在句子中担任主语 宾语 表语 定语和状语等的动词 叫做非谓语动词 Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul Iamreadinganovel ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn Seeingisbelieving Theresultsobtainedarequitesatisfactory Pleasestopspeaking 谓语 谓语 状语 主语和表语 定语 宾语 2 非谓语动词的分类 不定式 infinitive 分词 participle 动名词 gerund 3 非谓语动词的特点 1 不能单独做谓语 但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语 Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday 2 具有动词的特征 可以有自己的宾语或状语 ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople 3 连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语 Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom laughingmerrily Tobefrank yourplanisnotpracticable 非谓语动词功能比较 eg Ilikeskating butIdon tliketoskatetoday Playingwithfireisdangerous Lookout Toplaywithfireisdangerous eg Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters 主语 todo表示具体的动作 ingform表示泛指的动作 2 thereisno 主语 句型中 多用 ingform There snosayingwhathe llbedoingnext There snotellingwhathe sgoingtodo 3 不定式短语作主语时 往往放在谓语之后 用it作形式主语 Itisrighttogiveupsmoking Itmademeveryhappytohearhertalkaboutit 注意1 Itis adj forsbtodosthItis adj ofsbtodosth for引出动作发出者 of引出adj修饰的对象 主语 Itisnouse gooddoing 注意2 Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp It simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat 注意 常用在of句型中的adj有 kind good nice wise unwise clever foolish cruel careless stupid naughty polite impolite silly wrong brave honest noble right rude等 Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp Youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat 主语 Theofficersnarrowlyescaped inthehotbattle A havekilledB tokillC tobekilledD beingkilled Don tyouremember themanbefore A seeingB toseeC sawD tohaveseen Haveyoudecidedwhen Yes tomorrowmorning A tobeleavingB toleaveC willyouleaveD areyouleavingShe mewhenIpassedby A didn tpretendtoseeB pretendednotseeingC pretendednottoseeD pretendedtohavenotseen 宾语 宾语 注意 不定式短语作宾语时 如果还带有宾语补足语 往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后 而用it作形式宾语 Ifind feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim find think feel make considerit adj n todosth MyteachermadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass 考点一 demand want expect promise determine refuse offer fail manage learn agree seem hope decide prepare pretend wish start afford等 todo 考点二 admit appreciate avoid consider delay deny enjoy escape excuse face fancy 设想 feellike finish forgive giveup imagine include keep mention mind miss pardon practise putoff resist risk suggest can thelp can tstand 无法忍受 等 doing 宾语 like love hate prefer begin start continue intend doing todobegintoknow understand realize 考点三 forget remember regret goon like mean stop try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语 但意义上有区别 Irememberdoingtheexercise Imustremembertodoit Imeantocomeearlytoday Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour 我记得做过练习 我必须记得去做这事 我打算今早些来 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时 宾语 regrettosay tell inform 考点四 allow advise forbid permit doingallow advise forbid permit sbtodobeallowed advised forbidden permitted todoWedon tallow here Wedon tallowstudents Studentsarenotallow smoking tosmoke 宾语 tosmoke 考点五 在短语devote to lookforwardto stickto beusedto objectto getdownto be kept busy beworth havedifficulty trouble problem in haveagood wonderful hardtime in doing例如 Ilookforwardto fromyousoon hearing 考点六 动词need require want作 需要 解 doingtobedoneThewindowrequires cleaning tobecleaned 宾语 1 Thestorywas wewereall A moving movingB moved movedC moving movedD moved moving2 Thereisa expressiononhisface Maybetheproblemistoodifficultforhim A puzzledB puzzlingC puzzleD topuzzle3 Withhissontoo thefatherwassad A disappointedB disappointing 定语和表语 eg Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow Heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow 2 表示被修饰词的内容时 用todo eg Shehasastrongwishtogotocollege theway chance ability right willingnesstodo 1 从时态上看 ingform表示正在进行的动作 pp表示已经完成的动作 todo表示将来的动作 定语 注意 不定式动词在介词but except besides后面时 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式 那么 这些介词后的不定式不带to 否则要带to Shecoulddonothingbutcry Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim Ihavenochoicebuttogo 3 Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread Heislookingforaroomtolivein Thereisnothingtoworryabout 定语 动名词作定语singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying pansleeping pillwalkingstickteachingmethod注 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途 定语 Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface youcanfeeltheair againstyourface A movedB movingC movesD tomoveTheywouldnotallowhim acrosstheenemyline A toriskgoingB riskingtogoC forrisktogoD riskgoingDon tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth A runB runningC beingrunD torun 宾语补足语 eg Ifoundhim themoney steal Ifoundthemoney Whenhecametohimself hefoundhimself byanoldlady lookafter IoftenhearMary thisEnglishsong ingform与宾语为主动关系 强调动作正在进行 pp与宾语为被动关系 强调动作已经完成 to do只单纯表示一个事实 强调动作的全过程 补足语 stealing stolen beinglookedafter sing 注意2 在feel hear listento lookat notice observe see watch have 1et make等词后的补足语中 不定式不带to 但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时 就必须带to 注意1 ask advise allow permit get beg cause command order force oblige encourage instruct remind warn want wish expect prefer wouldlike callon dependon askfor waitfor help sbtodo Ioftenhearhimsingthesong Heisoftenheardtosingthesong 补足语 注意3 catch keep mind prevent remember stop start smell excuse send fancy sbdoing例如 Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette We dbetterkeepthefireburning Idon tmindyoujoking Ilikeit Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime Wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble Idon trememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat Hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously Canyousmellsomethingburning Theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground 补足语 作状语时的区别 ing pp表示时间 原因 条件 方式 伴随情况等等 eg Theyworkedhardtopayforthenecklace Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout Iamgladtoseeyou todo表示1 目的 2 结果 表示出人预料的情况或结果 常用only强调 3 原因 表示造成情感变化的原因 目的 结果 原因 状语 Inordertopasstheexam heworkedveryhard Weranallthewaysoasnottobelate 2 在作表语用的形容词后面作状语 Iamverygladtohearit Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer 3 too adj adv todo作状语 Heistoooldtodothat 4 enough adj adv todo作状语 Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus 1 目的状语 inorderto或soasto todo作状语的其它几种情况 5 so such astodo表结果 Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak Iamnotsuchafoolastobelieveyou ingform与pp作状语现在分词 短语 与过去分词 短语 作状语 表示时间 原因 结果 条件 让步 方式或伴随情况等 Whenleavingtheairport theywavedagainandagaintous United westand divided wefall When Ifweareunited Seenfromthehill theparklooksverybeautiful Climbingtothetopofthetower wesawamagnificentview 1 表示时间 2 表示原因Beingsick Istayedathome Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass 3 表示条件Adoptingthismethod wewillraisetheaverageyield 产量 by40percent Wewillnotattackunlessattacked Evenifinvited Iwon tgo 4 表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid Istillthinkthatshehasn ttriedherbest 5 表示结果Itrainedheavily causingseverefloodinginthatcountry Itrainedfortwoweeksonend completelyruiningourholiday 6 表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoherbreathingheavily Pleasefillintheform givingyourname addressSurroundedbyagroupofpupils theoldteacherwalkedintotheroom 分词的时态和语态 与主语动词同时 应用现在分词 分词作时间状语 如果先于主动词的动作 且强调先后 要用havingdone 1 Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident A toprepareB preparingC preparedD waspreparing2 areply hedecidedtowriteagain NotreceivingB ReceivingnotC NothavingreceivedD Havingnotreceived3 intheuniversityfor3years heknowsthewayverywell B C Havingstudied bytheteacher LiMinggaveupsmoking A HavingbeencriticizedB BeingCriticizedC CriticizedD HavingcriticizedWaitingforabus A abrickfellonmyheadB Alittlegirlcametotalkwithme C IwashitbyabrickontheheadD Iwashitbyabrickonmyhead A C 分词作插入语或转化为介词和连词其结构是固定的 意思上的主语并不是句子的主语 generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof speakingof 说道strictlyspeaking严格的说judgingfrom从 判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来given considering考虑到supposing provided providing假若例如 Givenhisage hedidverywell Supposingshedoesn tcome whatshallwedo 动词不定式作插入语表明说话人的立场或态度 在句中作独立成分 tobehonest frank fair totellyouthetruth tobegin startwith tocut makealongstoryshort toget back tothepoint tomakethings mattersworse toputitanotherway nottospeakof eg Tobehonest IhaveneverheardofWinstonChurchill HeknowsEnglishandFrench nottospeakofGerman 非谓语动词的否定形式 not todo ingform Hedecidednottodoit Shewishednevertoseehimagain NotseeingJohn Iaskedwherehewas Nothavingdoneitright Itriedagain Hisnotcomingmademealittleangry ingform与pp的区别 ingform表示主动 正在进行 Pp表示被动 已经完成 作表语时或定语时 ingform表示 令人 pp表示 感到 常见的有下列感官动词 move surprise astonish delight comfort disappoint puzzle frighten下列表示关系的词用 edseatedin on 坐在located坐落devoted忠诚于stationed驻防dressed穿着hidden藏在prepared准备着related关系connectedlostinabsorbedin 1 Hewashiddenunderthedesk 2 Dressedlikealawyer shecametothecourt 3 StationedinHongkong agroupofPLAmenfollowedHongKongcustoms 4 Seatedatthebackoftheclassroom helistenedtotheteachercarefully 5 Locatedontheseashore thebuildinglookspretty ingform的复合结构 1 形容词性物主代词 名词所有格 ingformTom scominghiscoming2 代词宾格 名词 ingformTomcominghimcoming 主语 表语 宾语 宾语 themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement A ThepresidentwillattendB ThepresidenttoattendC ThepresidentattendedD Thepresident sattending 1 Doyoumindopeningthedoor 2 Goingtheresavedusagooddealoftrouble 3 Beinglateagainmadetheteacherangry Doyoumindme myopening Tom sgoingtheresavedusagood Hisbeinglateagainmade 说出 ingform动作的执行者时 须用复合结构 解答语法填空时 首先分析句子结构 若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时 所给动词必定用非谓语动词 然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分 初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式 最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法 同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求 再结合与逻辑主语的关系 确定该填哪种形式 解题技巧 另外 在确定用 ing形式还是用 ed形式 用todo还是用tobedone时 都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的 那么 如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语 这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关 详见下表 例1 theproverb pluckingupacrop32 help itgrow isbasedonthefollowingstory 2008年广东 实例剖析 分析 因句中已有谓语isbased 而 pluckingupacrop32 help itgrow 是theproverb的同位语 是一个名词短语而非同位语从句 因此 help应是非谓语动词 帮助禾苗长 是 将禾苗拨起来 的目的 作目的状语 用动词不定式 故填tohelp 例2 Whileshewasgettingme 34 settle intoatinybutcleanroom 2007年广东 分析 因句中已有谓语wasgetting 所以settle应是非谓语动词 又由settlesb into in on 使某人舒服地处于某处 可知 me与settle是被动关系 要用过去分词用宾补 故填settled 考点击破 一 单句填空 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空 1 walk isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold 全国 2 Eugene sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions It snouse argue withhim 上海 3 Pleaseremain seat thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon 辽宁 4 CanIsmokehere Sorry Wedon tallow smoke here 江苏 Walking arguing seated smoking 5 Itisdifficulttoimaginehis accept thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration 陕西 6 Ican tstand work withJaneinthesameoffice Shejustrefuses stop talkingwhilesheworks 北京 7 Asaresultoftheseriousflood two thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed repair 陕西 8 Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents Shetried live alone butshedidn tlikeitandmovedbackhome 湖南 accepting tostop working toberepaired living 9 Robertisindeedawiseman Oh yes HowoftenIhaveregretted nottake hisadvice 安徽 10 Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways get herpermissionforthings thinkagain 湖南 11 Atthebeginningofclass thenoiseofdesks openandclose couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom 全国 12 Theyarequiet aren tthey Yes Theyareaccustomedto nottalk atmeals 江苏 nottaking getting beingopenedandclosed nottalking 13 Isn tittimeyougotdownto mark thepapers 重庆 14 Mr Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto set upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren 上海 15 Shelooksforwardeveryspringto walk intheflower linedgarden 上海 16 Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth hehadahardtime pass theexam 福建 marking setting walking passing 17 AccordingtoarecentU S survey childrenspendupto25hoursaweek watch TV 上海 18 Ibelievethat sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom happen again 全国 19 Didyouhavetroublein find thepostoffice 全国 20 Sandycoulddonothingbut admit tohisteacherthathewaswrong 上海 watching happening finding admit 21 Ismellsomething burn inthekitchen CanIcallyoubackinaminute 全国 22 Don tleavethewater run whileyoubrushyourteeth 天津 23 Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire burn allnight 全国 24 Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee carry outthenextyear 全国 burning running burning carried 25 TolearnEnglishwell weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish speak asmuchaswecan 江苏 26 Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem interest inhislectures 江苏 27 Energydrinksarenotallowed make inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand 上海 28 Myadvisorencouragedme take asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills 北京 spoken interested tobemade totake 29 Myparentshavealwaysmademe feel goodaboutmyself evenwhenIwastwelve 江苏 30 Theyknewherverywell Theyhadseenher grow upfromchildhood 全国 31 Themotherfeltherself grow coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield 上海 32 Pauldoesn thavetobemade learn Healwaysworkshard 全国 feel grow grow tolearn 33 Comeon pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject Sorry Withsomuchwork fill mymind Ialmostbreakdown 福建 34 Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner andwithhiswork finish hegladlyacceptedit 安徽 35 Withalotofdifficultproblems settle thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime 上海 36 Thedirectorhadherassistant pick upsomehotdogsforthemeeting 全国 filling finished tosettle pick 37 DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself Hehadit fix becausehedoesn tknowmuchaboutcomputers 安徽 38 JennyhopesthatMr SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish improve inashortperiod 福建 39 Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself hear abovethesoundofthemusic 广西 40 Peterreceivedaletterjustnow say hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon 四川 fixed improved heard saying 41 Asthelightturnedgreen Istoodforamoment not move andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo 湖南 42 walk inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring 安徽 43 wait inthequeueforhalfanhour theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar 福建 44 blame forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork Alicewasinlowspirits 福建 moving Walking Havingwaited Blamed 45 Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly tell thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout 陕西 46 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries make itthemostpopularsportintheworld 全国 47 Youweresillynot lock yourcar 湖南 48 Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer Themorningairissogood breathe 宁夏 tobetold making tohavelocked tobreathe 49 complete theprojectasplanned we llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday 湖南 50 When ask whyhewentthere hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight 江西 51 Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless water everyday 四川 52 When compare differentcultures weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities 浙江 Tocomplete asked watered comparing 53 Thelastone arrive paysthemeal Agree 全国 54 Thetrees blow inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad 湖南 55 Canthose seat atthebackoftheclassroomhearme 福建 56 ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV therearepictures form inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes 广西 toarrive blown seated forming 57 It salongtimesinceIsawmysister 全国 Whynot visit herthisweekend 58 search thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting 湖南 59 Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool theirlessons finish fortheday 重庆 60 give thegeneralstateofhealth itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation 北京 visit Search finished Given 二 语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空 Freudwasoneofthefirstscientists 1 make seriousresearchofthemind Themindisthecollectionofactivities 2 base inthebrainthatinvolvehowweact think feelandreason tomake based Heusedlongtalkswithpatientsandthestudyofdreams 3 search forthecausesofmentalandemotionalproblems Healsotriedhypnosis 催眠 Hewantedtoseeif 4 put patientsintoasleep likeconditionwouldhelpease 5 trouble minds Inmostcaseshefoundtheeffectsonlytemporary tosearch putting troubled Freudworkedhard althoughwhathedidmightsoundeasy Hismethodinvolved 6 sit withhispat