铁路术语(中英文)

一、一般名词术语 General1、车辆的种类铁道车辆 rolling stock, railway vehicle, railway car客车 carriage, passenger car货车 wagon, freight car特种车 special car钢木车 steel-wood car全金属车 all metal car全钢车all steel car二轴车 two-axle car四轴车 four-axle car六轴车 six-axle car转向架式车 bogie car关节式车 articulated car动车 motor-car拖车 trailer控制车 controlling car动车组 powered car train-set合造车 combined car简易客车 simply equipped coach代用客车 substitute passenger car双层客车 double-deck coach母车 car with axle generator子车 car without axle generator座车 seat coach硬座车 semi-cushioned seat coach软座车 cushioned seat coach, soft seat coach卧车 sleeping car硬卧车 semi-cushioned berth sleeping car软卧车 cushioned berth sleeping car餐车 dining car行李车 luggage van,baggage car邮政车 mail van,postal car了望车 observation car公务车 service car,private car文教车 culture and education car医疗车 hospital car卫生车 ambulance car试验车 test car维修车 maintenance car宿营车 dormitory van,train crew car轨道检查车 track inspection car轨道探伤车 rail faults detection car隧道摄影车 tunnel-photographing car限界检查车 structure gauge detection car检衡车 track scale test car发电车 generator car锅炉车 boiler car救援车 relief car敞车 open-top car,gondola car棚车 covered wagon,box car平车 flat car罐车 tank car守车 caboose, brake van煤车 coal car砂石车 gravel car矿石车 ore car漏斗车 hopper car水泥车 cement car保温车 thermal car隔热车 insulated-cover wagon,insulated box car加冰冷藏车 ice-cooled refrigerator car冷冻板冷藏车 eutectic-ice-cooled refrigerator car加温车 heater car冷藏加温车 refrigerator and heater car机械冷藏车 mechanical refrigerator car单节机械冷藏车 mono-unit mechanical refrigerator car机冷货物车 mechanical refrigerator freight car机冷发电车 mechanical refrigerator generating car机械冷藏车组 mechanical refrigerator car train-set通风车 ventilated car家畜车 live stock car, stock car活鱼车 fish car零担办公车 office car for peddler train毒品车 posion car集装箱车 container car长大货物车 heavy-duty car,high capacity car凹底平车 depressed center flat car落下孔车 well car, well-hole car双联平车 twinned flat car钳夹车 schnabel car自动倾翻车 side dump car除雪车 sweeper, snow plow长钢轨车组 long rail car train-set电站车组 power station car train set车辆纵向 longitudinal direction of car车辆横向 transverse direction of car车端 end of car一位端 “B” end of car二位端 “A” end of car一位侧 No.1 position side二位侧 No. 2 position side轴位 position of axle轮位 position of wheel梁位 position of sill车钩中心线高 hright fron top of rail to coupler center车辆长度 length of car车辆宽度 width of car车辆最大宽度 max. width of car车辆高度 height of car车辆最大高度 max. height of car车体长度 length over ends of car body底架长度 length of underframe罐体长度 length of tank barrek车体宽度 width over sides of car body底架长度 underframe width车体内长 inside length of car body车体内宽 inside width of car body车体内侧面高 inside height of car body车体内中心高 inside height from floor to roof centre地板面高 height of floor from rail top车辆定距（心盘中心距） length between bogie pivot centers车辆全轴距 total wheel base of car车辆定距比 ratio of car body length to length between bogie centres换长 equivalent length旁承间隙 side bearing clearance自重tare weight载重 loading capacity整备品重 servicing weight总重 gross weight自重系数coefficient of tare weight, tare-to-load capacity每延米重load per meter of track簧上重量suspended weight, weight above spring簧下重量non-suspended weight, weight under spring构造速度design speed通过最小曲线半径 min. radius of curvature negotiated动力系数coefficient of kinetic force振动舒适度comfortable quality of vibration平稳性指标（振动舒适度指标）index of running stability倾复稳定性security of over turing from track脱轨稳定性security of derailment6、其他空车empty car轴数number of axle车辆标记lettering and marking of car车辆型号model of car车辆号码serial number of car定员seating capacity技术履历簿technical ancestry book吊hanger卡clamp,clip吊卡anchor,suspension座seat,rest,bracket吊座hanger bracket托carrier,support,bearer环ring链chain连接板connecting plate补强板reinforcing plate筋板rib隔板partion plate撑板staying plate托板supporting plate固定板fastening plate压板pressing plate吊板hanging plate支承板bearing plate垫板shim,pad调整板adjusting plate限制板locating plate挡板baffle plate防跳板anticreep plate护板shield plate防尘板dust guard plate磨耗板wear plate防火板fireproof plate盖板cover plate腹板web plate翼板flange plate地板floor plate顶板roof plate墙板side plate装饰板decorating plate饰带板lining根据位置不同所用板plate used in other place节流板moderating plate,limiting plate垫shim,pad,liner,washer盖cap,cover,lid阀valve体body梁girder，sill，beam，stringer柱post斜撑diagonal brace压条cornice，molding，treadle bar承木wooden parting stringer，nailing strip隔热材料heat-insulating material二 走行装置running gear1 一般走行装置running gear转向架bogie，truck二轴转向架two-axle bogie三轴转向架three-axle bogie组合转向架combination bogie导框式转向架pedestal bogie导框式转向架non-pedestal bogie导框式转向架pedestal bogie整体侧架转向架bogie with integral box side frame构架frame，bogie structure侧架bogie side frame轮对wheel set有箍车轮tyred wheel整体车轮solid wheel碾钢车轮wrought steel wheel，rolled steel wheel轴箱journal box承载鞍adapter轴箱定位装置box guidance弹簧减振装置spring and vibration absorber device弹簧悬挂装置suspension damper弹簧装置spring device轴箱弹簧装置journal spring device摇枕弹簧装置bolster spring device轴箱弹簧journal spring摇枕弹簧bolster spring均衡弹簧equalizer spring空气弹簧air spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring第一系弹簧装置primary suspension第二系弹簧装置secondary suspension一系弹簧装置single-stage suspension二系弹簧装置two-stage suspension自动高度调整装置automatic height adjuster减振器vibration absorber摩擦减振器snubber油压减振器hydraulic damper旁承side bearing滑块式旁承sliding block side bearing摆块式旁承pendulum side bearing滚子式旁承roller side bearing液压旁承hydraulic side bearing气液旁承hydro-pneumatic side bearing转向架基础制动装置bogie brake rigging踏面制动tread braking盘形制动disc braking, rotor braking单侧制动single side braking双侧制动clasp braking制动梁brake beam闸瓦brake block, brake shoe闸片brake ling中磷闸瓦medium phosphor brake shoe高磷闸瓦high phosphor brake shoe合成闸瓦composite brake shoe制动盘braking disc心盘面自由高free height from rail top to centre plate wearing surface转向架对角线bogie diagonal轴距wheel base固定轴距fixed or rigid wheel base转向架全轴距total wheel base of bogie assembly轮对内侧距distance between backs of wheel rims轴颈中心距distance between acting centers of journal load踏面tread踏面斜度tread taper踏面基点taping point滚动圆rolling tread circle车轮直径wheel diameter轮箍厚度tire thickness轮辋内侧厚度rim inside thickness轮辋外侧厚度rim outside thickness轮辋宽度rim width轮缘高度flange height轮缘高度测定线flange base line轮缘厚度flange thickness轮毂直径diameter of boss轮毂厚度boss thickness轴箱导框间隙pedestal clearance with pedestal guide摇枕挡间隙column guide cleatance with the column轴载荷axle loading force轴荷重axle load轴重wheel set load心盘载荷centre plate loading force旁承载荷side bearing loading force斜对称载荷obliquely symmetrical loading force弹簧静挠度static deflection of spring弹簧动挠度dynamic deflection of spring弹簧挠度裕量surplus deflection of spring, reserve deflection of spring挠度裕量系数reserve coefficient(or surplus factor) of spring deflection转向架扭曲刚度bogie against distortion rigidity摩擦减振器相对摩擦系数relative friction coefficient of snubber油压减振器阻力系数damping coefficient of hydraulic damper减振指数damping index临界阻尼值critical damping value脱轨系数coefficient of derailment轴温axle temperature轮缘垂直磨耗vertical wear on flange踏面擦伤scotching on wheel tread踏面剥离flaking on wheel tread2、转向架构架 bogie structure发电机吊架genertor hanger support缓解弹簧座release spring bracket闸瓦托吊座brake head hanger bracket安全吊座safety hanger bracket固定支点座fixed fulcrum bracket端梁end sill侧梁side sill纵向梁longitudinal sill辅助梁auxiliary transom摇枕吊耳bolster hanger lug横梁transom闸瓦托吊耳brake head hanger lug3 转向架侧 bogie side frame轴箱承台pedestal journal roof上斜弦梁top oblique chord检查孔inspection hole斜楔挡friction wedge stop上弦梁top chord立柱column轴箱挡pedestal leg制动梁滑槽brake beam guide下弦梁bottom chord弹簧承台spring seat凸脐spring seat boss摇枕孔bolster opening下斜弦梁bottom oblique chord轴箱导框pedestal4 摇枕及弹簧装置bolster and spring device弹簧托梁spring plank carrier摇枕吊bolster hanger摇枕吊销bolster hanger pin摇枕吊销座bolster hanger pin seat油压减振动器hydraulic damper, oil damper弹簧夹板spring button摇枕弹簧（外圈）bolster spring(outer)摇枕弹簧（内圈）bolster spring(inner)下旁承体bogie side bearing base下旁承胶垫bogie side bearing rubber pad下旁承滑块bogie side bearing sliding block摇枕挡bolster guide下心盘bogie centre plate中心销centre pin摇枕bolster下旁承bogie side bearing横向缓冲器lateral buffer横向拉杆lateral connecting rod摇枕板弹簧bolster double elliptic spring弹簧托板spring plank安全吊safety hanger摇枕吊轴bolster hanger shaft5 摇枕bogie bolster斜楔摩擦面bolster friction wedge pocket slope凸脐spring seat boss心盘安装面centre plate location排水孔draining hole中心销孔centre pin hole固定杠杆支点安装面dead lever fulcrum bracket location下旁承座bogie side bearing seat摇枕挡column guide6，7 轮对轴箱及弹簧装置wheel set，journal box and spring device后挡板rear guard油卷lubricating pad前枕front guard轴箱盖box lid轴瓦垫journal bearing wedge轴箱体journal box body轴瓦journal bearing防尘板dust guard，dust shield车轴皮带轮axle belt pulley车轴axle车轮wheel防尘挡圈dust guard ring滚动轴承roller bearing弹簧支柱spring guide-post定位套locating bush轴箱弹簧journal spring支持环spring guide缓冲胶垫rubber pad轴箱后盖journal box rear cover轴箱体journal box body紧定螺母set nut防松板locking plate轴箱前盖journal box frim cover均衡弹簧座equalizing spring seat轴箱导框pedestal均衡弹簧（内圈、中圈、外圈）equalizing spring(inner, intermediate, outer)均衡梁equalizer轴箱托板journal box tie bar轴箱导框磨耗板pedestal wear plate8 轮对wheel set车轴axle车轮轮箍tire, tyre车轮扣环retaining ring车轮轮心wheel centre整体车轮solid wheel9 车轴axle中心孔centre hole轴颈前肩hournal front fillet轴颈后肩journal rear fillet轮座前肩wheel seat front fillet轮座后肩wheel seat rear fillet轴中央部axle middle portion轴身axle body轮座wheel seat防尘板座dust guard seat轴颈journal轴领collar10 整体车轮solid wheel辐板web plate轮缘flange轮毂孔wheel hub bore轮毂hub，boss轮辋rim踏面thread辐板孔web plate hole11 轴箱体journal box body前壁front wall内顶journal box roof轴箱口journal box opening雨檐eaves瓦垫挡journal bearing wedge stopper承台座pedestal seat底部bottom排水槽draining slot轴箱盖耳孔座journal box hinge lug后壁rear wall防尘板槽dust guard slot瓦耳挡bearing lug guard侧壁side wall导槽pedestal guide12 油压减振器hydraulic damper压板pressing plate胶垫rubber fitting垫板pad套sleeve密封盖seal cap密封圈seal ring密封衬垫seal ring retainer螺母nut密封弹簧seal spring导向套guide bush缸端盖cylinder end cap缸体cylinder body防尘罩dust protector活塞piston芯阀key valve阀套valve bush阀座valve seat阀瓣valve clack进油阀座oil inlet valve seat储油缸oil storage cylinder13 转向架基础制动装置bogie brake rigging制动梁brake beam制动梁缓解弹簧brake beam release spring闸瓦托吊brake head hanger固定杠杆dead lever拉杆间隙调整器pull ro