初二英语上册短语.doc

外研版初中二年级上册教材重点短语Module 1 How to learn EnglishUnit 1 Try not to translate every word.How to learn English怎样学习英语welcome back 欢迎回来 new term 新学期Welcome back to欢迎回到give sb. some advice=give some advice to sb.给某人提一些建议a piece of advice 一条建议write down 写下，记下（动+副短语）Why dont you write it down? =Why not write it down? 为什么不记下来呢？Ready? 准备好了吗？speak English 讲英语 in class在课堂上in notebooks 在笔记本上the correct spelling and grammar 正确的拼写和语法next to 靠着，贴着，挨着 every day 每天What else? 还有其他的吗？It is +形容词/名次+ to do sth. 做某事。Thats a good idea.那是个好主意。Thanks a lot. 多谢How about+名词/代词动名词？怎么样？listen to the radio 听收音机read a newspaper看报Try not to translate every word.尽量不要逐词翻译。尽量不要翻译出每个单词。translateinto=putinto=changeinto 把译成pen friend笔友 this term本学期write email messages to 给写电子邮件留言each other 相互，彼此（两者）Excellent! 太好了！太棒了！school orchestra 学校管弦乐队do some concerts 开音乐会helpwith 帮助做make a mistake 犯错误Unit 2 Please help me!real English 地道的英语send to.把发送给ask for 要求，请求，咨询basic questions 最重要的问题，基础的问题be about 关于 enjoy doing喜欢做watch English films 看英语电影listen to English songs 听英语歌曲But it takes a long time.但这花费很长时间。It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一些时间。a great way to do sth. 做某事的一个好方式talk about 谈论，谈及 enjoy oneself 玩得开心the meaning of.的意思foreign teacher 外教，外国教师speak to 和说话 lots of 许多的，大量的in the street 在街上 want to do 想做start a conversation 开始谈话take a deep breath 深呼吸Smiling always helps.微笑总是能起作用的。微笑总是很有用的。all the new words 所有的生词a piece of paper 一张纸be good at 擅长 make a list 列表注意：本模块出现了几个提建议的句子，现将常见的提建议的句子总结如下：1、Lets+动词原形。让我们做吧。e.g. Lets go to Zhongshan Park This Sunday. Lets finish our homework first.2、Shall we? 我们好吗？e.g. Shall we go to the cinema? Shall we ask for a policeman?3、What/How about+名词/代词/动名词？怎么样？好不好？e.g. How about listening to the radio and reading a newspaper in English? What about some eggs?4、Why dont +主语+动词原形？=Why not +动词原形？ 为什么不呢？e.g. Why dont you write it down? =Why not write it down? Why dont we send an email to Mary? =Why not send an email to Mary?5、had better +动词原形 最好做e.g. Youd better look them up in a dictionary.Wed better get off at the next stop.6、would like 结构 想要e.g. Would you like some bananas?7、should+动词原形 应该e.g. You should always speak English in class. You should write down your mistakes in your notebooks?肯定回答提建议的句子多用以下句子：Sure./Certainly./ Of course./OK./ Good idea./ Thats great./Wonderful./ Great./ Thats a good idea.否定回答一般比较委婉，Sorry, butModule 2 ExperiencesUnit 1 Have you ever entered a competition?send sb. sth=send sth to sb. 送给某人某物a DVD about China 一张有关中国的DVDWhat about you? 你呢？travel around the world环球旅行，周游世界invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事stay with 和呆在一起one day 一天，将来，他日the price of the ticket 票价Well, guess what! 啊哈，你猜怎么着！todays newspaper 今天的报纸take off 脱下，（飞机）起飞，休假Beijing Capital Airport 北京首都机场write about a wonderful experience写一篇美好经历的短文first prize 头等奖，一等奖the holiday of your dream 你梦想的假期What do you reckon? 你觉得怎么样？enter a competition 参加竞赛It sounds brilliant! 这听起来很好！dream about/of 梦见，梦到Unit 2 Wei Ming has been all over China by plane.all over China 全中国by plane 乘飞机have ever been to.曾经去过western food 西方食物come true 实现，成为现实be abroad 出国a fantastic experience 一次极好/美妙的经历an Air China captain 一位中国民航机长fly to 乘飞机去for holidays 度假Mount Tai 泰山Spring Festival 春节very much 非常at home 在家in Chinatown 在唐人街in a hotel 在宾馆里Italian food意大利食品ice cream 冰淇淋more than 多于，超过give a concert举办音乐会sell out 卖完，售空the greatest Chinese musician 最伟大的中国音乐家the House of The Flying Daggers 十面埋伏（电影名）at the end 最后，结束时get up 起床，站起来beside=next to 靠着，贴着，挨着write a short passage 写一篇短文注意：一、本模块的语法重点是现在完成时（用法一）。现在完成时的构成是：助动词have/has +动词过去分词，表示的是发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。出现的标志词有ever、never、before等。二、请注意动词过去分词的构成：1、规则变化（1）visit-visited-visited watch-watched-watched enjoy-enjoyed-enjoyed want-wanted-wanted look-looked-looked enter-entered-entered（2）invite-invited-invited like-liked-liked（3）try-tried-tried2、不规则变化send-sent-sent have had-had sell-sold-soldbe(am, is, are)-was, were-beenfly-flew-flown give-gave-givenwrite-wrote-written三、请注意have been to的用法： have been to 是现在完成时中非常重要的一种结构，表达的意思是去过某地(何时去的不清楚)，强调的是对现在的影响“已返回”，常和ever(曾经)、never（从不，从来没有）及次数连用。既可以是说话双方谈论自己的情况，也可以是谈论第三者的情况。例：Li Ming has ever been to San Francisco. 李明曾经去过旧金山。 They have never been to Guilin. 他们从未去过桂林。I have been to Jinan many times.我去过济南很多次了。Module 3 Journey to spaceUnit 1 Has it arrived yet?be up to 正在干，从事于space station 太空站What do you think? 你觉得怎么样？space travel 太空旅行Dont panic！ 别紧张！next week 下周the latest news 最新消息send a spacecraft to Mars发射宇宙飞船去火星It has taken several months to get there.到达那儿要花几个月的时间。on the news 上了新闻，新闻报道work on 从事于，操作，在工作space shuttle 航天飞机go there and back 往返know a lot about 对了解很多show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看on business 出差come back 回来this evening 今天晚上all right 行，好吧bring back 带回来over=more than 多于，超过Unit 2 We havent found life on other planets yet.on Earth 在地球上millions of 数百万，几百万on other planets 在其他行星上go round=move round =travel round 绕运转an environment with air 一个拥有空气的环境be called 被叫做，被称为solar system 太阳系a small part of 的很小的一部分at night 晚上the Milky Way 银河系many other 许多其他的in the universe 在宇宙中a long way away 离得很远go beyond 到了之外in space 在太空中so many stars 那么多的星星be alone 孤独注意：本模块的语法重点为现在完成时（用法一）。一、请注意下面的动词过去分词：(一)规则变化1、reach- reached- reached start-started-starteddiscover- discovered- discoveredwork worked worked call- called -called2、arrive- arrived- arrived 3、travel travelled- travelled4、try- tried- tried（二）不规则变化send- sent- sent find-found-found make made made hear-heard-heardget got got take took taken go- went gone 二、请注意have gone to的用法have gone to表示去了某地（没有返回），所以，它表示的过程是不完整的，因此不能和ever及次数连用，也不可能是说话双方谈论自己的情况，只可能谈论第三者。e.g. Li Lei has gone to Beijing. Hell come back next month.三、本模块出现了现在完成时（用法一）的另外几个标志词：just, yet, already。结合第二模块，现在完成时用法一的六个标志词用法总结如下：1、just用来表示“刚刚”， 用于肯定句，在否定句中要用yet，yet一般置于句尾。表示“仍然，还”。e.g. I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到这则消息。 I havent heard the news yet.我还没有听到这则消息。2、already用来表示“早已，已经”，它们一般置于have/has之后，用于肯定句。在否定句和疑问句中要用yet,疑问句中的yet表示“已经”。e.g. I have already finished my homework. 我早已完成了我的作业。 Have you finished your homework yet?你已经完成你的作业了吗？3、ever用来表示“曾经”，用于肯定句和疑问句中。含有ever的肯定句变否定句时直接改为never。e.g. Have you ever been to Qingdao? 你曾经去过青岛吗？ I have ever heard of the story. 我曾经听说过这个故事。 I have never heard of the story. 我从未听说过这个个故事。4、before 用来表示“从前，以前”，一般放在句尾。e.g. He has seen the man before. 以前他见过这个人。Module 4 EducationUnit 1 How long have you studied English?arrive in 到达（大地方）next month 下个月how long 多长，多长时间，多久get on/along with 和相处，进展get on well with和相处的好the same things 相同的东西speak English 讲英语 a little 有点，一点foreign language 外语school orchestra 学校管弦乐队hear about/of 听说 Hope School 希望学校in fact 实际上，事实上 Project Hope 希望工程all over遍布，遍及 Really？ 真的吗？That sounds interesting.那听起来很有趣。Tell me more. 再告诉我一些。Unit 2 Project Hope has built many schools.take part in 参加help sb. (to) do sth. 帮某人做某事talk about谈论，谈及Hope for the future 未来的希望an eight-year-old boy 一个八岁大的小男孩Hunan Province湖南省want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事drop out of school 退学，辍学on the farm 在农场里，在农田里Its + 形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很。stop doing 停止做 go to school 上学a few years ago 几年前 have to 得，不得不look after =take care of 照看，照顾，照料get an education 接受教育with the help of = with ones help 在的帮助下，借助于In/during the last/past 15 years 在最近的15年里,在刚刚过去的15年里raise money 集资，筹款pay for 为付款，支付in the countryside 在农村in China and abroad 国内外with the money 用这些钱high school 高校 last year 去年a few 一点，有点（修饰可数名词）lots of =a lot of =many/much 许多的，大量的hear of 听说 give money 捐款because of 因为，由于 thousands of 数千，几千have better lives 过更好的生活finish studying 毕业注意：本模块的语法重点是现在完成时（用法二）一、注意下面这些动词的过去分词(一)规则变化study studied studied live lived-livedvisit visited visited raise raised raisedtrain trained -trained二）不规则变化know-knew- known meet met methear heard heard build built builtpay paid paid give gave givensend sent sent二、注意现在完成时（用法二）1、用法：现在完成时的第二种用法表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在（包括现在）。2、标志词为一段时间，表达法有两种：（1）for+时间段 （2）since+时间点 since的意思是从起至今，后面接的为过去某一时间点，意为从过去某时间点至今，实际仍为一段时间。3、终止性动词（点动词、瞬时动词、非延续性动词）一般不能和时间段连用，但在否定句中可以。e.g. I havent got a letter from my friend for two months. 我已经两个月没有收到朋友的来信了。They havent come here since three years.从三年前至今，他们还没有来过这儿。4、终止性动词和延续性动词的转换.瞬时动词改为be+形容词。 例：die-be dead, openbe open等。瞬时动词改为be+副词/介词/名词。例：end/finishbe over（结束）, begin/startbe on (上演，进行，播放),join the Leaguebe in the League/be a member of the League/be a League member, join the Partybe in the Party/be a member of the Party/be a Party member, arrive/comebe in(at), leavebe away (from),fall asleepbe asleep, fall illbe ill, get upbe up等。用延续性动词替代瞬时动词。例：buyhave, borrowkeep, catch a coldhave a cold, hear from/get a letter from/receive a letter fromhave a letter from等。Module 5 Western musicUnit 1 You like western classical music, dont you ?Whos it by? 这是谁创作的？Im not sure.=I dont know. 我不知道。我不确定。school orchestra 学校管弦乐队hear of=hear about 听说be born 出生the capital of的首都/省会be called 被叫做，被称为western classical music 西方古典音乐classical composer 古典作曲家pop music 流行音乐classical musician 古典音乐家Beijing Opera 京剧a fan of rap 一个说唱乐狂热爱好者，一个说唱乐迷Give us a break! 别再烦我们了！让我们清净一会吧！What on earth is that? 那究竟是什么音乐？on earth 究竟，到底（常放在疑问词后面，加强语气）traditional music 传统音乐go through 穿过，通过dance to 随着摇摆Unit 2 Vienna is the centre of European classical music.a beautiful old city 一座美丽而古老城市the centre of European classical music欧洲古典音乐的中心a lot of 许多的，大量的the Strauss family 施特劳斯家族write and play music 作曲并演奏a classical dance- a waltz 一种古典舞蹈华尔兹make sb.+形容词 使某人all over 遍布，遍及more than =over 多于，超过not onlybut also不但而且takearound带领参观give a concert 举办音乐会at the age of在岁时hundreds of 数百，几百a piece of music 一首音乐in addition to 除之外the rest of the world 世界的其他地方bring together 把融合在一起the Peoples Musician 人民音乐家die young 英年早逝注意：本模块的语法重点是反意疑问句：1、定义：当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，询问对方，希望得到一个证实的回答，这时可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，成为反意疑问句。2、特点：（1）由两部分组成，前面是一个陈述事实的句子，后面是一个简短的附加疑问句；（2）前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定；（3）前后两部分的时态、人称和数要一致。 特别要注意：反意疑问句的主语必须用代词代替前面的主语。如果前面的陈述句中有助动词、系动词和情态动词，反意疑问句可以直接使用；如果陈述句中为实义动词，反意疑问句中则要用do,does,did来代替。以上特点可根据课本中的例句仔细体会。3、要特别注意英汉两种语言习惯的差别：在英语中，无论问题如何提问，只要事实是肯定的，就要用Yes；只要事实是否定的，就用No。这和汉语不同。e.g. It isnt cold today, is it? 今天天气不冷，是不是？Yes, it is. 不，天气冷。No, it isnt. 是的，天气不冷Module 6 A famous storyUnit 1 She was sitting by the river.How is it going? 一切可好？Ssh! 嘘！be about 关于a girl called Alice 一个叫爱丽丝的小女孩go on 继续one day 有一天sit by the river 坐在河边with a book 拿着一本书（伴随动作）a white rabbit 一只小白兔run past 跑过, 从跑过去a tea party 茶会,茶话会I see.我知道了。in the garden 在花园里on the grass 在草地上in the tree在树上smile at 对着笑Let me guess让我猜猜fall down (向前)摔倒rabbit hole 兔子洞go into 进入strange world 奇怪的世界Unit 2 The white rabbit was looking at its watch.get tired 疲劳，累，厌烦read a book 看书have nothing to do无事可做，无所事事once or twice 一两次，几次look into 朝里面看no pictures or conversations 没有插图和对话whatfor 为什么，有什么用think of 考虑，思考a daisy chain 一个雏菊花环a white rabbit with pink eyes 一只长着粉红色眼睛的小白兔run by 从旁边跑过去nothing strange 没有什么奇怪的东西/事情Oh dear！ 哎呀！天哪！Ill be late. 我要迟到了take out of 从拿出来get up 起床，站起来across the field 穿过田野see sb. do sth 看见某人做过某事go down 下去think about 想，考虑，思考go out 出来do with 处理，处置take photos 照相grow up 长大during the day 在白天last night 昨天晚上on ones way to 在去的途中注意：本模块的语法重点是过去进行时。1、定义：表示在过去某一时间正在发生的动作或某一段时间内一直进行的动作。2、构成：助动词was/were +v.-ing 3、标志：过去的具体时刻，上下文语言信息等。Revision module Alook up 查询，查阅look sth. up in a dictionary 在词典中查阅Module 7 Feelings and impressionsUnit 1 That smells delicious.feel tight 觉得紧fish soup 鱼汤taste salty 尝起来咸look strong 看起来强壮smell sour 闻起来酸sound quiet 听起来安静smell delicious 闻起来香Hi, guys! 嗨，各位！make a pizza 做比萨饼Whats the matter? 怎么了？It tastes too strong. 它尝起来味太浓了。Im afraid恐怕smell fresh 闻起来新鲜No, thanks. 不，谢谢。make some chocolate cookies 做一些巧克力甜点Have a try. 试一试，尝一尝taste sweet 尝起来甜much better 好得多，实在太好a lovely sweater 一件很漂亮的毛衣feel soft and comfortable 感觉柔软舒服look smart 看上去时髦so much food 那么多的食物have a party 举行宴会Whats she like? 她长得什么样？sound nice 听起来声音很甜美look pretty 看上去漂亮Lets have a look. 让我们看看。I see what you mean. 我明白你们的意思了。come back 回来have something to eat 吃些东西You must introduce me to her. 你一定要把我介绍给她。Sure we will. 肯定会的。Well be back soon. 我们很快就会回来。See you later. 回头见，再会Unit 2 I feel nervous when I speak Chinese.look friendly 看起来友好Thanks for 为谢谢你last message 上一封信hear from=get a letter from=receive a letter from 收到的来信cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事arrive at 到达each other 相互，彼此tell sb. about sth 告诉某人某事spend a lot of time 花费许多时间school orchestra 学校管弦乐队dance music 舞曲as well 也，又captain of the school tennis team 学校网球队队长be proud of 以为荣，为而骄傲work hard 努力工作，努力学习feel stupid 觉得笨bad marks 糟糕的分数get angry with 生某人的气at first 首先，起初，开始feel a bit sad 觉得有点难过for a few days 几天feel nervous 觉得紧张speak Chinese 讲汉语something wrong 错误的事情help sb. (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事be afraid of 害怕be excited about 对感到激动/兴奋next week 下周注意：本模块的语法重点是表示感觉和知觉的系动词1、定义：英语动词中，有的后面要接名词或代词等作宾语（及物动词），有的单独作谓语（不及物动词），而有的动词要接形容词或名词等作表语。我们把后面接表语的动词称为系动词。2、本模块表示感觉和知觉的系动词有：look（看起来，看上去），sound（听起来，听上去），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来，闻上去），feel（觉得，摸起来）。这些动词虽然是系动词，但其句法功能和实义动词一样，需利用助动词do, does, did来构成否定句和疑问句。Module 8 Around townUnit 1 How do I get to the Forbidden City?show sb. sth=show sth to sb. 把某物给某人看，出示某物给某人看Heres这儿是，这儿有Tiananmen Square 天安门广场on the left 在左边on ones left 在某人的左边over there 那儿the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂on the right 在右边on ones right 在某人的右边the National Museum of China中国国家博物馆the Forbidden City 故宫，紫禁城Go straight ahead. 一只向前走。the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 毛主席纪念堂betweenand.在和（两者）之间the way to 去的路Its kind of quiet.它有点安静。go across 穿过turn left （into） 向左拐（进入）turn right 向右拐on the corner of在的拐角处do some shopping =go shopping 买东西，购物ask about 询问best place 最好的地方go along沿着走Unit 2 The London Eye is on your right.welcome to欢迎来到short tour 短途旅行in the middle of 在的中间the National Gallery 国家画廊a museum with a lot of famous paintings 一个藏有许多名画的博物馆Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫The Houses of Parliament 国会大厦Big Ben 大本钟the London Eye 伦敦眼It takes you 135 metres over the River Thames.它能把你带到离泰晤士河河面135米得高空。the Thames River 泰晤士河on a clear day 在一个晴朗的日子里the best way to做某事最好的方式，去某地最好的方式by boat 乘船on ones left/right 在某人的左边/右边get off 下车，下船Tower Bridge 塔桥the Tower of London 伦敦塔next to 靠着，贴着，挨着Take the boat back along the river.沿着河乘船返回。go past 走过，经过walk along the street.沿着大街走。the old fruit and vegetable market 昔日的水果蔬菜市场street musician 路边音乐家，街头音乐家begin with 以开始turn right/left向右/左拐on the other side of 在的对面注意：本模块的交际英语重点为问路和指路，现将常用的问路用于总结如下：Can/Could you tell me the way to, please?Which is the way to, please?Excuse me! Where is ?How can I get to ?Is there a/an near here?Do you know the way to, please?I want to go to .Can you tell me the way?Im looking for . Can you tell me where it is?Module 9 Animals in dangerUnit 1 We need to protect animals.be excited to 做某事很兴奋at last 最后，终于learn about 了解Wolong Panda Reserve 卧龙大熊猫保护区think about想起，想到，考虑in danger 处于危险中It makes me mad. 那使我感到气愤。It isnt just right to do sth.做那是十分不对的。Absolutely! 确实如此！have no place to live in 没有地方居住take away 带走，拿走，减去，夺走Its really awful! 真是太糟糕了！live in peace 生活在安宁的环境中on earth究竟，到底find out 找出，查明tooto太而不能Unit 2 The government is working hard to save the panda.one of the animals most in danger 最濒危动物中的一种nature reserve 自然保护区There be +sb./ sth doing +介词短语 某地/某事有某人/某物正在做某事。research centre 研究中心look after 照看，照顾，照料baby pandas 小熊猫in the zoo 在动物园里in the forest 在森林里Southwest China 中国西南地区live on 以为生a lot of bamboo 许多竹子for many different reasons 因为许多不同的原因less and less 越来越少become serious 变得严峻work hard 努力工作more than 多于，超过make a new plan 制定一个新的计划go back 回去one of the best-known animals 最著名的动物之一in the world 在世界上the symbol for/of.的标志the World Wide Fund for Nature 世界自然基金会a long way to go一段很长的路要走save the panda 拯救大熊猫think of 想到，想起，思考such as 例如，诸如on the other side 在另一边/面practice doing 练习做as well as 既又，不但而且注意：本模块的语法重点是动词不定式动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，其构成是“to+动词原形”。其中的to为动词不定式符号（或称小品词），有时可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中可作除谓语外的任何句子成分。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。详细内容参阅教材P175。Module 10 Lao She TeahouseUnit 1 She wanted to see some Beijing Opera.Lao She Teahouse 老舍茶馆last night 昨天晚上How was it ? 怎么样？as you know. 正如你所知道的main interest 主要爱好Beijing Opera 京剧offer to do sth 主动做某事Not especially,不是特别的喜欢，agree to do 同意做某事almost impossible 几乎不可能plan to do 计划做decide to do 决定做have a good time 玩的开心Thats the main thing.这才是主要的事情。hope to do希望做next time 下次No idea=Ive no idea. 我不知道。a famous writer 一位著名的作家be famous for 以闻名Unit 2 It takes plac