02国家电网公司英语考试实用教程短文判断题2014校对版.docx

电力职称英语短文判断Passage I Feature of power generation发电特性P43The simultaneousness of the electric power generation means that the electric power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution and utilization must be performed at the same instant. The electric power cant be stored. Therefore, the balance must be kept at anytime during the electric power generation, distribution, and utilization. The electric power system consists of power plants, transmission networks, distribution networks and the consumers electric utilization equipment.The unification of power system equipment means that the generation equipments, transformation equipments, transmission lines, distribution lines and power utilization equipment of a power system form an undivided integer. Without any of them, the power network can you operate normally. The transmission line connecting two power networks is called link line. Some electric power systems are mutually connected by transmission lines to realize power exchange between these systems. Thus, the inter-connected power system is formed. Electric power network is the general name of the transmission network composed of transmission lines and various connected substations. It is simply called the power network.The features of a modem power network frame are: (1) The main network frame is formed by a strong EHV (UHV) system; (2) The networks are connected closely to each other; (3)the voltage classes are simplified.发电的同时性意味着发电，输电，变电，分发和使用，必须在相同的时刻进行。电力不能被存储。因此，平衡必须保持随时发电，配电和利用过程中。电力系统由发电厂，传输网络，分配网络和消费者的电动设备的利用率。 电力系统设备的统一表示的电力系统的发电设备，改造设备，传输线，配电线和功率利用设备构成一个不可分割的整数。没有任何一个，该电力网络可你正常操作。传输线连接两个电网被称为链接线。一些电力系统相互连接通过传输线来实现这些系统之间的电力交换。因此，相互连接的电力系统中形成。电力网络是传输线和各个连接的变电站组成的传输网络的总称。它被简单地称为电力网。 调制解调器电网架的特点是：（1）主网架是由一个强大的超高压（特高压）系统形成; （2）网络紧密连接在一起; （3）电压等级被简化。1. The electric power can be stored. 电力可以被存储。 A. Right. B. Wrong2. The power system is made up of 4 parts. 电源系统由4个部分组成。A. Right. B. Wrong3. The unification of power system equipment is formed by 4 equipments. 电力系统设备统一由4个设备构成。A. Right. B. Wrong4. A power system is an undivided integer. 一个电力系统是一个不可分割的整数。A. Right B. Wrong5. The power network can operate normally without the integration of other 3 equipments. 电力网的工作能够正常运行无其他3设备的集成。A. Right. B. Wrong6. A link line is called a transmission line. 链接线被称为传输线。A. Right. B. Wrong7. A link line is formed by 3 power net works. 链接线由3电网工程组成。A. Right. B. Wrong8. An electric power net work is simply called a power net work. 一种电力网的工作简称为电网工作。A. Right. B. Wrong9. The main net work frame is formed by a weak EHV system.主力净工作框架是由弱超高压系统的形成。A. Right. B. Wrong10. The net works are not closely linked with each other. 网作品并不密切相互联系在一起的。A. Right. B. WrongPassage2 Types of circuit breaker断路器的类型P57The high voltage circuit breaker is mainly composed of contactors, arc-extinguishing elements, insulation material, operating mechanism. The insulation structure of a high voltage circuit breaker mainly includes the insulation of conductive parts to ground, phase-to-phase and the insulation between breaking contacts. According to the arc-extinguishing mediums, it can be divided into oil circuit breaker (bulk-oil circuit breaker, oil minimum circuit breaker), air blast circuit breaker, SF6 circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker etc. The circuit breaker with oil as arc-extinguishing and insulation medium are called oil circuit breaker. The circuit breaker whose contactors close and open in high vacuum is called vacuum circuit breaker. SF6 circuit breaker is the circuit breaker in which gas SF6 is used as the arc-extinguishing and insulation medium. The pure SF6 gas is a good arc-extinguishing medium. Its insulation strength is higher than air and vacuum, and it has good heat dissipation capability. Besides, there isnt any danger of burning or explosion. Now, the mostly used circuit breakers in the power grid are oil minimum circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker and SF6 circuit breaker. 高压断路器主要由接触器，灭弧元件，绝缘材料，操作机构。高压断路器的绝缘结构主要由导体部件接地，相 -相和破触头之间的绝缘的绝缘层。根据消弧介质，它可分为油断路器（散装油断路器，油最低断路器），空气鼓风断路器，SF6断路器，真空断路器等的电路断路器以油为弧-extinguishing和绝缘介质被称为油断路器。该断路器的接触紧密，并在高真空开叫真空断路器。 SF6断路器是在其中气体的SF6作为灭弧和绝缘介质的断路器。纯SF6气体是一种良好的灭弧介质。 LTS绝缘强度比空气和真空更高，并且它具有良好的散热性。此外，不存在燃烧或爆炸的危险。现在，在电网中最常使用的断路器油最低的断路器，真空断路器和SF6断路器。1.Contactors, arc-extinguishing elements, insulation material and operating mechanism form the high voltage circuit breaker. 接触器，灭弧元件，绝缘材料和操作机构形成的高压断路器。A. Right B. Wrong2. The insulation structure is made up of 3 parts.绝缘结构是由3部分组成。 A. Right B. Wrong 3. The arc-extinguishing medium can be divided into only 3 parts. 灭弧介质可以分为仅3份。 A. Right B. Wrong4. An oil circuit breaker means a circuit breaker with oil as arc-extinguishing and insulation medium. 油断路器是指断路器油作为灭弧和绝缘介质。A. Right B. Wrong 5. A vacuum circuit breaker is not a circuit breaker with close and open contactors in high vacuum .真空断路器是不是一个断路器在高真空和密切接触开放。A. Right B. Wrong 6. A pure SF6 gas is not a good arc-extinguishing medium. 纯SF6气体是不是一个很好的灭弧介质。A. Right B. Wrong 7. The insulation strength of SF6 gas is higher than air and vacuum.SF6气体的绝缘强度比空气和真空更高。 A. Right B. Wrong 8. An oil minimum circuit breaker is very safe in use.油最低断路器是非常安全的使用。A. Right B. Wrong 9. An oil minimum circuit breaker has bad heat dissipation capability. 油最低断路器具有不错的散热能力。A. Right B. Wrong 10. An oil minimum circuit breaker is one of the mostly used circuit breakers in the power grid 油最低断路器是在电网中最常使用的电路断路器中的一个。A. Right B. WrongPassage 3 Optical fiber communication 光纤通信P67Optical fiber communication is a kind of information communication by optical fiber. In power system, the composite optical fiber ground wire or OPGW is widely used. The optical fiber main network is mainly responsible for the transmission task of power dispatching telephone, administration telephone of power system, automation information, data network, protective relaying information and so on. Optical fiber communication has become the primary communication method of our power communication system.Optical fiber communication has advantages of large capacity of communication, strong ability of anti-jamming, insulation to electrical field, small attenuation and long distance of transmission, etc. The communication capacity of optical fiber is directly proportion to the carrier frequency. Usually the carrier frequency of power line is less than 300kHz, and the carrier frequency of microwave is between 3 000MHz and 30 000MHz. Cartier frequency of optical fiber is 2.2x 107MHz, being 7.4x104 times microwave and 7.4x 108 times power line cal.der. The main problem of the fiber-optic channel is that the price of fiber-optic equipment and optical fiber cable is comparatively higher. 光纤通信是一种信息沟通的由光纤。在电力系统中，复合光纤地线或OPGW被广泛使用。光纤主要网络主要负责电力调度电话，电力系统的管理电话，自动化的信息，数据网络，继电保护信息等的传输任务。光纤通信已成为我们的电力通信系统的主要通信方法。 光纤通信具有大容量的通信的，强的抗干扰能力，绝缘性，以电场，小衰减和传输距离长等的光纤的通信容量的优点是直接正比于载波频率。一般电力线的载波频率小于300kHz的，和微波的载波频率为3000MHz和30000MHz之间。光纤卡地亚的频率为2.2倍107MHz，是7.4x104次微波炉和7.4倍108倍的电力线cal.der。光纤通道的主要问题是，光纤设备和光缆的价格相对较高。1 . A kind of information communication is optical Heber communication. 一种信息沟通是光纤沟通。A. Right B. Wrong 2. The composite optical fiber ground wire is seldom used in power system. 复合光纤地线很少应用于电力系统。A. Right B. Wrong 3. One of the transmission tasks of the optical Heber main network is to transmit administration telephones from power system. 一项所述的光纤主网络的传输任务之一是从电力系统发送管理电话。A. Right B. Wrong 4. Optical fiber communication has been the important communication method in power communication system. 光纤通信已在电力通信系统中的重要通信方式。A. Right B. Wrong 5. Large capacity of communication is not one of the advantages of optical fiber communication. 通信的大容量不是光纤通信的优点之一。A. Right B. Wrong 6. The communication capacity of optical Heber is indirectly proportion to the carrier frequency. 光纤的通信容量是间接地成比例的载波频率。 A. Right B. Wrong 7. The carrier frequency of power line is more than 300kHz. 电力线的载波频率大于300kHz的。A. Right B. Wrong 8. The carrier frequency of microwave is between 3 000MHz and 5 000MHz. 微波的载波频率是000MHz3和5000MHz之间。A. Right B. Wrong 9. The main problem of the Heber-optic channel is the high price of fiber-optic equipment在光纤信道的主要问题是价格高的光纤设备。A. Right B. Wrong 10. The cables made by optical fiber are not expensive. 通过光学纤维制成的电缆是不贵。 A. Right B. WrongPassage 4 Power plant 电厂P111According to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal and tide power plants and so on. A power plant transforms primary energy source into electric power and supplies power to users. A co-generation plant is the power plant that not only generates electricity but also supplies steam to the user. Normally, in selecting the site of a new power plant, following factors should be fully considered: power net plan for medium and long term; fuel supply and ash disposal; transportation condition; water sources; local natural condition and environmental protection. According to the common stipulation the total capacity in a newly scheduled power plant is in the range of 1 200MW to 3 600MW, the number of units should not exceed six and the ranks of capacity should not exceed two.根据能量转换的模式，发电厂可分为化石燃料，液压，核能，风能，太阳能，地热和潮汐发电厂等。 一种电源转换装置主要能源来源为电力，供电给用户。联产厂的动力装置，它不仅产生电力，还提供蒸汽给用户。 通常情况下，在选择新电厂的网站，以下因素应充分考虑：电源中期和长期的净计划;燃料供应和灰处理;交通运输条件;水源;当地的自然条件和环境的保护。根据共同规定在新计划的电厂总装机容量为1200MW至600MW3的范围内，单位数量应不超过6台，机组容量等级不超过2种。1 . Base on energy conversion, power plants are divided into more than 7 categories.根据能量转换的模式，发电厂分为多于7个类别。A. Right B. Wrong2. A power plant tries to transform energy source into electric power. 一种发电设备，试图改变能源为电力。A. RightB. Wrong3. The power plant generating electricity and supplying steam is called a co-generation plant.电厂产生的电力并供给蒸汽被称为热电联产厂。A. Right B. Wrong4. A power net plan for short and medium temp is one of factors in selecting a site. 一种用于短期和中期的临时电网的计划是多种因素在选择网站之一。A. Right B. Wrong5. Two important factors for a new plant plan are fuel supply and ash disposal. 新工厂计划的两个重要因素是燃料供应和灰处理。A. Right B. Wrong6. Environmental protection is less considered in building a new power plant. 环境保护是建设新电厂较少考虑。A. Right B. Wrong7. Water sources and transportation conditions are not needed to consider in selecting a new site. 不需要水源和交通条件在选择一个新的网站来考虑。A. Right B. Wrong8. The total capacity in a newly scheduled plant arranges from 1 200MW to 3 600MW. 在新工厂预定的总容量安排1200MW至600MW3。A. Right B. Wrong9. The number of units exceeds more Han six. 单位数量更超过6。A. Right B. Wrong10. The ranks of capacity should be limited within two. 能力的队伍应该在两个限制。A. Right B. WrongPassage 5 Selection of metal material for the boiler in units of 1 000MW grade 选择的金属材料中的1000MW级单位的锅炉 P116Taking a general view of the 1 000MW grade high-efficiency supercritical unit designed and made in China, the temperature of main steam and reheated steam are basically 570-600C. Further more, this is just medium temperature, the tube wall temperature of superheater and reheater may reach 600-650C. Under this temperature, in addition to good heat resistance, the anti-high temperature steam oxidation performance at tube inner surface and the anti-high temperature flue gas corrosion performance at tube outside surface are also highly demanded. That is to say, heat-resisting steel T91, T92, etc. (their temperature limit for use is 593C and 620C respectively) as well as austenite stainless steel super 304H and HR3C, etc. (their temperature for normal use is about 650C, their temperature limit is near 700C) must be adopted.以设计，中国制造的1000MW级高效超临界机组的总图，主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度基本上570-600C。进一步，这仅仅是媒介的温度，过热器和再热器的管壁温度可能达到600-650C。根据该温度下，除了优良的耐热性，抗高温水蒸气氧化性能在管子内表面和抗高温烟气腐蚀perfomtance在管外表面也被高度要求。也就是说，耐热钢T91，T92，等等（其温度上限为使用是593C和620C分别）以及奥氏体不锈钢超级304H和HR3C等（其温度为正常使用为约650C，其温度上限是近700C）必须通过。1 . The 1 000MW grade high-efficiency supercritical unit is designed and made in China. 1000MW级高效超临界机组的设计和中国制造。A. Right B. Wrong 2. The temperature of main steam and reheated steam reach basically between 570 to 650C. 基本上间570主蒸汽和再热蒸汽的温度达到650C。A. Right B. Wrong 3. The tube wall temperature of superheater and reheater can reach more than 600 to 650C.过热器和再热器管壁温度可达到600-650C。A. Right B. Wrong 4. The anti-high temperature steam oxidation performance at tube inner surface is highly demanded. 抗高温蒸汽氧化性能，在管内表面的高度要求。A. Right B. Wrong 5. The anti-high temperature flue gas corrosion performance at tube outside surface is not highly demanded. 抗高温烟气的腐蚀性能在管外表面不被高度要求。 A. Right B. Wrong 6. The temperature limit of T9 I for use is about 593C .T9 I的使用温度上限约为593C。A. Right B. Wrong 7. The temperature limit of T92 for use is less than 620 C. T92的使用温度上限为小于620C.A. Right B. Wrong 8. The temperature of austenite stainless steel for normal use is about 650C。奥氏体不锈钢为正常使用的温度为约650C。A. Right t B. Wrong 9. The temperature limit of austenite stainless steel is less than 700C. 奥氏体不锈钢在温度极限小于700C。A. Right B. Wrong 10 Only heat-resisting steel can be adopted for use. 只有耐热钢可用于通过。A. Right B. WrongPassage 6 The role of the condenser 冷凝器的作用P122The condenser is a surface heat exchanger in which cooling water passing through the tubes removes the vaporization heat from the exhaust steam which is passing over the tubes, and condense the exhaust steam into water. It is important that the water not be sub-cooled below the saturation temperature, which would remove excess energy from the system and reduce the overall efficiency. It is necessary to reduce the steam to water so that it can be effectively pumped back through the system. In condensing the exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine, the condenser controls the back-pressure at the turbine exhaust. The temperature of the cooling water passing through the condenser tubes is the primary factor controlling the turbine backpressure. Typically the temperature of cooling water increases15-20 F as it passes through the condenser and exits at some temperature lower than the turbine exhaust steam temperature. The temperature difference between the cooling water leaving the condenser and the turbine exhaust steam is called the terminal difference. The temperature increase of the cooling water and the terminal difference depend on the condenser design and performance, the steam flow, and the cooling water flow. Thus with a given set of conditions, the exhaust steam temperature is dependent on the temperature of the cooling water entering the condenser and the back-pressure is dependent on the exhaust steam temperature.冷凝器是在其中的冷却水通过管除去从排气蒸汽，在经过管的汽化热和冷凝的蒸汽排出到水的表面上的热交换器。该水不是子冷却到低于饱和温度，这会从系统中除去过量的能量，降低了整体的效率是很重要的。这是必要的，以减少蒸汽到水的，以便它可以被有效地泵送回至该系统。在从低压汽轮机冷凝该废蒸汽，冷凝器控制背压在涡轮机排气。 冷却水通过冷凝器管的温度的主要因素控制涡轮的背压。通常冷却水增加15-20F，因为它穿过冷凝器和温度退出在某些温度低于涡轮机排出的蒸汽的温度降低。离开冷凝器和涡轮机排出的蒸汽的冷却水之间的温度差被称为终端差异。温度上升的冷却水和终端差异取决于冷凝器的设计和性能，蒸汽流量，冷却水的流动。因此，与一组给定的条件下，排汽温度取决于进入冷凝器和背压的冷却水的温度依赖于排汽温度。1 . A condenser is a heat exchanger removing the vaporization heat from the exhaust steam and condensing the exhaust steam into water. 冷凝器是除去从排气蒸汽的汽化热和冷凝该废汽成水的热交换器。A. Right B. Wrong 2. It is suggested that the water should not be cooled below the saturation temperature. 有人建议，该水不应该被冷却到低于饱和温度。A. Right B. Wrong 3. The saturation temperature would not remove excess energy from the system and reduce the overall efficiency. 饱和温度也不会从系统中除去过量的能量，降低了整体效率。A. Right B. Wrong 4. It is unnecessary to reduce the steam to water so that it can be pumped back through the system. 这是不必要的，以减少蒸汽到水的，这样它可以被泵回至该系统。A. Right B. Wrong 5. The condenser does not control back-pressure at the turbine exhaust. 冷凝器不控制背压在涡轮机排气。A. Right B. Wrong 6. The important factor controlling the turbine backpressure is the temperature of the cooling water passing through the condenser tubes. 控制涡轮背压的重要因素是冷却水通过冷凝器管的温度。A. Right B. Wrong 7. The temperature of cooling water will increase its temperature between 15 F and 20 F as it passes through the condenser. 当它通过所述冷凝器的冷却水的温度将增加间15F和20F的温度下进行。A. Right B. Wrong 8. The terminal difference means the temperature difference between the cooling water and the turbine exhaust steam. 终端差分装置，冷却水和所述涡轮机排出的蒸汽之间的温差。A. Right B. Wrong 9. The temperature increase of the cooling water and the terminal difference depend on 3 factors. 冷却水和端子差的温度上升取决于三个因素。A. Right B. Wrong 10. The exhaust steam temperature does not rely on the temperature of the cooling water which enters the condenser. 排汽温度不依赖于所述冷却水的进入冷凝器的温度。A. Right B. WrongPassage 7 Hydraulic structure 水工建筑 P128The selected type of dam of hydraulic power plant depends principally on topographic, geologic, hydrologic, climatic conditions, constructional materials, lay out plan, cost and safety.The main effect of the dam safety monitoring and inspecting is to monitor the performance indexes and to inspect equipment inside the dam, to discover the abnormality in time, so as to take emergency measure and keep the dam safe. The main monitoring items of dam are: displacement (horizontal and vertical displacement),crack, seepage, temperature stress and strain, etc. The monitoring method of dam is that at suitable points on the dam and its foundation, some monitoring devices are embedded for periodical supervision. The result obtained shall be analyzed and studied.水力电厂大坝的选择的类型主要取决于地形，地质，水文，气候条件，施工材料，制定出计划，成本和安全性。 大坝安全监测及鉴定的主要作用是监视性能指标，并检查设备大坝内，发现异常及时处理，以便采取应急措施，保证大坝的安全。 大坝的主要监测项目有：位移（水平和垂直位移），裂纹，渗水，温度应力和应变等。 大坝的监测方法是，在上坝和地基合适的点，一些监控设备都嵌入了定期监督。所得到的结果应进行分析和研究。1 . The type of dam for hydraulic power plant depends on many factors. 坝液压动力装置的类型取决于多种因素。A. Right B. Wrong2. The main purpose of the dam safety monitoring is to monitor the performance indexes. 大坝