必修四一单元语法.doc

戴氏教育 交大校区 86699290 I.人教版新课标必修4语法专项解读 主谓一致用法聚焦一、定义及种类：1) 主语和谓语要在_ 一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致2) 主语和谓语要在_ 一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义.3) _ , 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。Eg：The number of the students present is 200. The crowd are shouting.Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.二、正确把握主谓一致理解并运用于句子当中。（1）. 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数 由 and 或 both and 连接的两个主语，其谓语动词一般用复数。Eg: Both Tom and his brother have passed the examination.当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数，如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 两个并列的名词前有each,every,no, many a等修饰时，谓语一般用单数。Eg: Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. (2). 集体名词作主语时,.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用_时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用_ 时表示该个集体. His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.注：集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin（害虫）等在任何情况下都用复数形式. eg：The police are always busy especially at the street.（3）谓语动词与前面的主语一致 高考资源网当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as ，rather than，including等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致，即常说的_ 原则。 He as well as I wants to go boating.（4）在正式文体中，由not onlybut also， neithernor， eitheror，or 等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致，there be 句型也是如此，即常说的_ 原则。Eg：Not only the students but also the teacher hasnt come.There is a book and two pens on the desk.(5) 当百分数或分数修饰的名词,the res of作主语时，谓语动词的单复数是由_ 来决定。Eg:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is water. (6) 不定代词 anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,somebody,something,no one,nobody,each,the other等作主语时，谓语动词用_。Eg: Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.(7) 代词none 和 neither /either of作主语时，谓语动词可用单数可用复数，主要看说话人的意思。但代表不可数名词是时，谓语动词只能用_。Eg: None of them knows/know the answers.None of the information about him_ been received.(8) 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词作主语时，如果被看做是一个整体，谓语动词用_。Eg: Tow miles is too far for the children.(9) 不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用_。Eg:How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting.单元语法巧学活用1.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 2.One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have6.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 7.The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 8. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be9.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit BJthis summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to10.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_ invited.A.were B.have been C.has been D.was11.A survey of the opinions of experts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are12.We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant.A.isB.are C.has been D.have been13.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings_ in the area.A.need repairing B.needs to repairC.needs repairing D.need to repair14.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided15. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_ used regularly.Now we have 60working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.wereII.单元重点词汇精讲。一、单词拼写1. Last night when I got home, the clock was _（敲） ten.2. Our school is trying its best to improve our studying and working _（条件）.3. He is an agricultural _（专家）, who d_（奉献）all his life to the research into agriculture.4. It is _ _（考虑周到的） of you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.5. It is _ （值得）to spend the whole day in the forest, _（观察） how the chimps live.6. The teachers in our school will have a _（医学的） examination once every year.7. The couple living next door always _（争论） with each other.8. In our school, every teacher is asked to write one or two _(文章) about teaching every year.二、翻译下面的句子. 1.只有当你学着尊重别人的时候，你才能被尊重。（respect）2.我要是听从你的建议把我的伞带上的话，我就不会被淋湿了。3.在刘忻有名之前她过着多么艰辛的生活.4.他被选中当演员使他家人都非常激动.5. 没有收到她的邀请，我没有去参加她的婚礼.6.为了满足最终期限，史密斯教授，和他的助理们，日日夜夜的在研究这个项目.二短文改错.As is known to us, that is interesting to teach children toswim while they are still babiesMost the large towns inFlorida and California have already run particularly lessons for babiesThe idea had quickly spread to Europe from where，in several countries，special courses are now offered tothe children who are f