高级英语第四课EverydayUs

Lesson4EverydayUse 2 AboutAliceWalkerandherworks AliceWalker 1944 poet novelistandessayist oneofthemostprominentwritersinAmericanliteratureandamostforcefulrepresentativeofwomen sliteratureandblackliterature 3 AboutAliceWalker ShewasbornintoapoorruralfamilyinGeorgia astheeighthchildofsharecropper交租耕种农parents Shegrewupinthemidstofviolentracismandpovertywhichinfluenceherlaterwritings WhenshewenttoSarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYorkonscholarshipsintheearly60 s thecivilrightsmovementwasinfullswing Shewasactivelyinvolvedinthemovement Shegraduatedin1965 havingtheBA 4 AboutAliceWalker Afterherjunioryearatthecollege shewonascholarshipasanexchangestudenttoUganda andKenya ThismostprobablyhelpedhertounderstandtheAfricanculture Afterexperiencingthepoliticalmovementshebecameateacherofcreativewritingandblackliterature lecturingatJacksonStateCollege YaleanduniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley 5 AboutAliceWalker Herworks TheThirdLifeofGrangeCopeland 1970 Meridian 1976 InLoveandTrouble StoriesofBlackWomen 1973 TheTempleofMyFamiliar 1989 TheColorPurple 1982 6 AboutAliceWalker AthemethroughoutWalker sworkisthepreservationofblackcultureor heritage andherwomencharactersforgeimportantlinkstomaintaincontinuityinbothpersonalrelationshipsandcommunities Walker swomencharactersdisplaystrength endurance andresourcefulness机敏inconfronting andovercoming oppression racismandsexism intheirlives Blackwomenarecalledthe muleoftheworld becausetheyhavebeenhandedtheburdensthateveryoneelserefusedtocarry AliceWalker I Background 1 AliceWalker sEarlyLifeDateofBirth February9 1944Birthplace Eatonton GeorgiaParents WillieLeeandMinnieLouGrantWalker whoweresharecroppersMarriage MelLeventhal aJewishCivilRightsactivist lawyerChild Rebeccabornin19692 Education 1961 1963Spelman acollegeforblackwomeninAtlanta1963 1965BAfromSarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYork oncetraveledtoAfricaasanexchangestudent I Background 3 Career1983receivedthePulitzerPrizeforTheColorPurple 1982 1984startedherownpublishingcompany WildTreesPress4 PointsofViewtheCivilRightsMovementtheWomen sMovementtheAnti apartheidMovement TheColorPurple BasedonAliceWalkersPulitzerPrize winningnovel TheColorPurpleistherichlytextured不平的 decades spanningstoryofCelie anuneducatedwomanlivingintheruralAmericansouth Forcedtomarryabrutalmanshecalls Mr CelieturnsinwardandshareshergriefonlywithGod Butsheistransformedbythefriendshipoftworemarkablewomen acquiringself worth andthestrengthtoforgive ThefilmlaunchedtheHollywoodcareersofWhoopiGoldbergandOprahWinfreyandgleaned拾11OscarnominationsincludingBestPicture II DiscourseAnalysis ElementsofNarrativeTime unknownVenue HomeCharacters I Maggie Dee Wangero Asalamalakim BigDee GrandmaDeePlot MaggieandIarereadytohaveDeebackTheRelationshipbetweenDeeandITheContrastbetweenDeeandMaggieTheClimax Grandma sQuiltsTheme TheHeirloom Quilts DisplayVSEverydayUse II DiscourseAnalysis StructurePara1 2 MaggieandIArewaitingforSomeoneImportantPara3 16 TheRelationshipamongDee Maggieand I I alarge big bonedwomanwithrough man workinghandsDee No isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoherMaggie ahomely weakandshygirlPara17 82MeetingwithDeePara17 20DeecamewithhernewboyfriendandnewnamePara21 43TheName DeePara44 82TheArgumentonGrandma sQuilts Setting EverydayUse issetinthelate 60sorearly 70s ThiswasatimewhenAfrican Americanswerestrugglingtodefinetheirpersonalidentitiesinculturalterms Theterm Negro hadbeenrecentlyremovedfromthevocabulary andhadbeenreplacedwith Black Therewas BlackPower BlackNationalism and BlackPride ManyblackswantedtorediscovertheirAfricanroots andwerereadytorejectanddenytheirAmericanheritage whichwasfilledwithstoriesofpainandinjustice Setting In EverydayUse AliceWalkerarguesthatanAfrican AmericanisbothAfricanandAmerican andtodenytheAmericansideofone sheritageisdisrespectfulofone sancestorsand consequently harmfultoone sself SheusestheprincipalcharactersofMama Dee Wangero andMaggietoclarifythistheme Plot Atthefirst motherandMaggiearepreparingofreceivingDee theotherdaughteroftheheroine AndfromthepreparationtheymadewecanseethattherelationshipbetweenMotherandDeeisalienated疏远的 therelationshipbetweenthetwosistersisunfriendlyandtense Thentheauthormadesomedescriptionaboutthethreecharacters especiallyaboutmotherandDee ThenDeeandherboyfriend scome andshechangedhername andthereissomeinformationaboutherboyfriend AndatlastshepointoutthatshewantthequiltthatgrandmalefttoMaggieAtlastDeeleaveswithoutthequilt andwhensheleavebothmotherandMaggiefeelrelieved Theme In EverydayUse AliceWalkerrevealsaconflictbetweenamother Mrs Johnson andhertwodaughters TheauthoralsoshowsauniqueheritageofAfrican Americans ThecentralthemeofthestoryisthewayinwhichfamilymembersofthesameAfricanAmericanfamilyhonortheirheritage PointofView Inthisshortstory theauthorusesthefirstpersonpointofview Heremotheristhestoryteller andshemakesveryvividdescriptionofherselfandhertwodaughters DeeandMaggie Characterization Mamaisanuneducated yetpracticalcharacter Mamalovesandrespectsherancestors asisunderstoodinherdescriptionandtreatmentofthequilts TheyhadbeenpiecedtogetherbyGrandmaDeeandthenBigDeeandmehadhungthemonthequiltframesonthefrontporchandquiltedthem inbothofthemwereGrandpaJarrell spaisleyshirts Andoneteenyfadedbluepiece thatwasfromGreatGrandpaEzra suniformthatheworeintheCivilWar ThequiltsareimportanttoMamaasadirectconnectionbetweenherselfandthosebeforeher WalkeralsousesthebutterchurnasasourceforMama sinherentunderstandingofheritage Itookitforamomentinmyhands youcouldseewherethumbsandfingershadsunkintothewood Itwasbeautifullightyellowwood fromatreethatgrewintheyardwhereBigDeeandStashhadlived AsWhiteexplains WhenMamatakesthedasherhandleinherhands sheissymbolicallytouchingthehandsofallthosewhouseditbeforeher Herpracticalnatureandappreciationforheritagedistinguishesherfromhertwodaughters andrepresentsthecomplex historicalimportanceoftheAfrican Americanculture Dee Deeisaselfishandegotisticalcharacterwithasuperficialunderstandingofherinheritance ShecharacterizestheconfusionandmisguidanceofyoungAfricanAmericansinthelate60sand70s Thisisapparentinherinteractionswithhermotherandsister AsSextonnotes Dee considersherselfascultured andbeyondtheabased低微的qualityoftheliveslivedbyhermotherandsister Shemakesherfeelingsclearwhensheattemptsto take thequiltsMamahadpromisedtoMaggie Maggiecan tappreciatethesequilts she dprobablybebackwardenoughtoputthemtoeverydayuse NotonlyissheconformingtotheworstofAmericanideals butsheisrejectinganddisrespectingherownculturalheritage allunderthepretensesofpreservingit Itisinthissensethatsheisthe embodimentofthestruggleforaunifyingidentity becauseshehasnotyetcometounderstandherplaceinsocietyasbothanAfricanandanAmerican Maggie Maggieisasimplisticandgood heartedperson Sheunderstandsthetruemeaningofheritage Justashersisterasserts Maggieis backwardenough toputthequiltstoeverydayuse ButwhatDeefailstorecognizeisthatindoingsoMaggieispreservingtheancestralimportanceofthequilts thatis utilitariannecessity WalkerreinforcestheculturalsignificanceofMaggie scharacterwhenMamarefusestoallowDeetohaveherway IdidsomethingthatIneverhaddonebefore huggedMaggietome thendraggerheronintotheroom snatchedthequiltsoutofMissWangero s Dee s handsanddumpedthemintoMaggie slap Thisis asBakerandPierce Bakerindicated hermother s conferralofanancestralblessing 164 Maggiewantstomaintainalastingconnectionwithherheritage andbothMamaandthereaderrecognizethis SherepresentsthoseamongtheAfrican Americancommunitythatseektopassontheirheritagewithoutdiminution减少betweengenerations 23 CulturalContext BlackPowerMovementAliceWalker sanswerinEverydayUse 24 BlackPowerMovementThemovementforBlackPowerintheU S cameduringtheCivilRightsMovementinthe1960s ThiswasatimewhenAfrican Americanswerestrugglingtodefinetheirpersonalidentitiesinculturalterms AfricanAmericansweretryingtogainracialequalityandcalledforself determinationandracialdignity 25 TheywereseekingtheirculturalrootsinAfrica theslogan Blackisbeautiful andarenewalofinterestandprideinAfricanheritagearose ManyblackswantedtorediscovertheirAfricanroots andwerereadytorejectanddenytheirAmericanheritage whichwasfilledwithstoriesofpainandinjustice 26 AliceWalker sanswerinEverydayUse challengestheBlackPowermovement andblackpeopleingeneral toacknowledgeandrespecttheirAmericanheritage ThehistoryofAfricansinAmericaisfilledwithstoriesofpain injustice andhumiliation ItisnotaspleasingasacolorfulAfricanheritagethatcanbefabricated Itisarealheritagethatiscomprisedofrealpeople peoplewhoaredeservingofrespectandadmiration 27 showsthatcultureisneithernamechangesnorspeakingaforeigntongue One scultureandheritagearetaught fromonegenerationtothenext notsuddenlypickeduporacquired Apersonwhopossessesrealheritageandculturemakeuseofiteverydayoftheirlife 28 Textanalysis Para 3 4 Theseprograms NationalBroadcastingCompany NBC stelevisionshow ThisisYourLife withRalphEdwardsasproducerandmasterofceremonies inwhichpeoplewerepubliclyandtearfullyreunitedwithfriends relatives andteacherstheyhadnotseeninyears Theprogramairedfrom1952to1961and1970to1973 29 JohnnyCarson JohnnyCarson infullJohnWilliamCarson bornOct 23 1925 Corning Iowa U S diedJan 23 2005 LosAngeles Calif U S televisionpersonality Heworkedasaradioannouncerandtelevisioncomedywriterbeforehostingseveraltelevisionquizshows 1955 62 Asthelong standinghostofTheTonightShow 1962 92 hewasnotedforhiswry幽默的monologues comedysketches andgenial可亲的banter轻松的谈话 andtheprogrambecameastapleforalargeandfaithfullate nightaudience JohnnyCarson TheTonightShowhasalong successfulhistory anditshowsnosignsofcoolingoff Itstarteditsrunalmost50yearsago backin1954 SteveAllenwasthefirsthost HewassucceededbyJackPaarin1957 andJohnnyCarsontookoverthereinsin1962 Johnnywasthe KingofLateNight for30years untilheretiredin1992 JayLenohasbeenthehostsincethen Overthreemillionpeoplehavesatinthestudioaudienceandenjoyedtheshow 31 BlackMuslims BlackMuslimsisawidelyusednamefortheadherentsofanAmericanblacknationalistreligiousmovement ThereligiousorganizationwasfoundedinDetroit Michigan in1930byWallaceFard FardarguedthatAfricanAmericanscouldobtainsuccessthroughdiscipline racialpride knowledgeofGod andphysicalseparationfromwhitesociety doctrines blackselfrelianceandseparationfromthewhitesociety eveneconomically 32 HesaysthatheacceptsthedoctrinesofMama sMuslimneighbors buthedoesn tlikethehardworkoftheireverydaylife Hesaysthathedoesnoteatcollardgreensandpork traditionalAfrican Americanfoods hesymbolicallydenieshisheritagedespitehiscomplicatedAfricanname Thissuperficiality onthepartofbothDeeandHakim a barber isrepresentativeofthemanyblackswhojumpedontheBlackPowerbandwagonwithnorealdedicationtoitsrootcauses pigtail ponytail ModelAcar in1909HenryFordmass produced15millionModelTcarsandthusmadeautomobilespopularintheStates In1928theModelTwasdiscontinuedandreplacedbyanewdesign theModelA tomeettheneedsforgrowingcompetitionincarmanufacturing Herehethinkssheisquaint奇怪的 attractivebecauseitisstrangeandsomethingratheroldfashioned Ford sModel T Ford sModel A 37 SymbolismandCharacterizationin EverydayUse EverydayUse isapoignant深刻的narrativethatdescribestherelationshipbetweenfamilymembersthroughcreativesymbolismandfinecharacterization Throughsymbolismandcharacterization Walkerteachesamorallessonaboutheritage identity andtheroleofthetwointhelivesofthecharactersandaudience Thestoryassertsthatfamilyhistoryshouldbeapartofeverydaylife 38 Symbolism Symbolism theassociationofameaningorthemetoanitem isusedinthisnoveltogivetheirreaderagreaterunderstandingofeachcharactersinnerthoughts Walkerlinkedthesecharacterswiththefollowingsymbols 39 Ofallofthesymbolsinthestory nooneimageisasstrongasthatofthequilts QuiltsThesymbolismofthequiltconveysthatthemostgenuinemeansofcelebratingone scultureistopracticeitsidealsonadailybasisratherthantoadmireitsrelicsforaestheticappeal churntopanddasher 40 houseAsthehouseburns eachcharacter spositionaroundthehousedirectlyrelatedtohowtheyfeelabouttheirfamilybackground Maggiefeltthatthehousewasapartofher ForMaggie thehouseheldmemoriesofherandherfamily Asherdressfelloff herinlittleblackpaperyflakes inthefire partsofherwerelostwiththehouse Dee ontheotherhand wasfarfromthehouse steadilyconcentratingontheburninghouseuntilitwascompletelydestroyed Deedidnotdesiretobeassociatedwithherfamily likeshedidnotwanttobeassociatedwiththehouse 41 Maggie sscarsaresymbolicofthescarsthatallAfrican Americanscarryasaresultofthe fire ofslavery Hakim abarberisimportanttothestoryasasymbolofthenewlifethatDeehaschosen 42 She Dee pinsonmydressalargeorchid eventhoughshehastoldmeoncethatshethinksorchidsaretackyflowers 2377 ItisinterestingthatbypresentingDee sfraudulent欺骗的naturethroughthesymbolismoftheorchidpinning shesaysnothingaboutrefusingtheflower 43 Character RoundcharacterRoundcharactersembodyanumberofqualitiesandtraits andarecomplexmultidimensionalcharacterswiththecapacitytogrowandchange Theyhavemoredepthandrequiremoreattention FlatcharacterFlatcharactersarethosewhoembodyorrepresentasinglecharacteristic trait orideaoratmostaverylimitednumberofsuchqualities Flatcharactersusuallyplayaminorroleinthestoriesinwhichtheyappear 44 DynamiccharacterDynamiccharactersexhibitsomekindofchangeasthestoryprogressesStaticcharacterStaticcharactersremainthesamefromthebeginningofaworktotheend 45 CharactersinEverydayUse 1 Dee aroundcharacter fashionable rebellious strong mindedandill temped asenseofvanity asymbolofthemodernblackwomen superficialloveofblacktradition 46 2 Maggie aflatcharacter docile timid shy good temped kind heartedandunselfish astrongsenseofinferiority inherenceofblackculture genuineloveofblacktradition asymbolofthetraditionblackweakwomen 47 3 I aflatcharacter uneducatedbutsensible physicallystrongbutspirituallyweak asenseofinferiority cherish grandma severydayuse asymboloftheblackworkingwomen themajorityofblackwomen V RhetoricalDevices Simile afigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwodifferentthingsbuthavingqualityorcharacteristicincommon Tomakethecomparison wordslikeas as as asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother Iamthewaymydaughterwouldwantmetobe myskinlikeanuncookedbarleypancake Maggie sbrainislikeanelephant s Wangerosaid sweetasabird ShegaspedlikeabeehadstungherEllipsis afigureofspeechwhichomitscommonlyusedwordsorphrases Dee though Dee next V RhetoricalDevices Metaphor e g WangerosenteyesignalsovermyheadMetonymy OutshepeeksnextwithaPolaroid Irony Whatdon tIunderstand Iwantedtoknow Yourheritage shesaid Onomatopoeia Likewhenyouseethewrigglingendofasnakejustinfrontofyourfootontheroad Uhnnnh Dee叛逆者bright confident smart beautiful well educatedlikestoproduceherself Mother捍卫者physicalstrength mentaltoughness thegood hearted down to earth Maggie继承者lackofself confidence shy conservative inheritingAfricaAmericanculture Motherseemstorangebetweenthem bothMaggie sconservative andquietsideandDee sindependence strongside 1 Meetagain 2 Takephotos 3 Discussionaboutname 4 havedinner 5 Everydayuse Maggie Deeandmother Maggielovesherfamilyandknowsaboutitshistoryandtraditions shecantellthenamesofherancestorsbyheartandknowsabouttheirhistory AuntDee sfirsthusbandwhittledthedash saidMaggiesolowyoualmostcouldn thearher HisnamewasHenry buttheycalledhimStash 也许麦姬根本就不知道民族文化遗产为何物 其价值何在 但家族历史和家人的事迹牢牢地印在她的脑海中 被她重新赋予了生命 Mother和Maggie都在逃离白人文化 她们似乎会永远 龟缩 在伤痛的过去而不敢面对未来 Walker在这里指出了一个所有非裔美国人必须扪心自问的问题 我是与我的人民一起 龟缩 在令人伤痛的过去 还是挺身与我的压迫者争夺未来 相反 Dee不满足固步自封的状态 她是在白人世界中成长起来的黑人 但很难 长成 白人 也不可能成为 自然的黑人 WhydidDeecomeback Becauseitis anewday fortheblacksnowandasitbecomesfashionableintheBlackPowerMovementtoreturntoone sroots itsuddenlybecomesfashionableforDee too InfluencedbytheBlackPowerMovement Deegotinterestedinherownculture B Dee Reallyinterested Dee smisunderstandingstowardsAfro Americanism 不了解自己真正的文化 盲目肤浅地寻根追赶潮流的表现 Adressdowntotheground yellowsandoranges Earringsgold Braceletsdanglingandmakingnoises Hairstandsstraightup Deecaresmuchabouttheouterappearance 1 clothes 鲜艳的宽松长裙 大大的金色耳环和叮当作响的手镯 直挺挺的黑发 殊不知这种夸张炫耀与大多数黑人平和 谦逊 低调 不喜张扬的品质恰好相反 在这炎热的天气 她以一种自认为很非洲的传统造型出现在家人面前 ShesaidthelanguageoftheEastAfrica wa su so tean o tohermother knowinglittlethattheycametoAmericafromWestAfrica 2 language Wa su zo Tean o shesays comingoninthatglidingwaythedressmakeshermove 用非洲语言问候母亲表明她已经放弃美国黑人文化 1 Don tgetup saysDee 2 Shestoops infrontofthehouse Shenevertakesashotwithout thehouseisincluded Whenacowcomes shesnaps andthehouse andcomesupandkissesmeontheforehead 2 photo WhatdoesDeephotofor Shemerelywantstocomehometocollectsomepiecesoffamilyhistoryshecansuperficiallyidentifywith takesomephotosasakindofproofandleave 3 Name Mrs JohnsonhasashortkindofdiscussionwithDeeandherboyfriendabouthernewname Name root和identity Dee soriginalnamehasalreadybeencarriedbyseveralgenerationsoffemaleancestors whichcanbetracedbackbeyondtheCivilWar thenewAfricannameisnotrelatedtoherpersonalhistoryatallanddissociatesherfromherfamilyandthereforefromhertrueheritage 2 She sdead Wangerosaid Icouldn tbearitanylonger beingnamedafterthepeoplewhome 1 Not Dee WangeroLeewanikaKemanjo oppre