常绿阔林论文：百山祖常绿阔叶林凋落物和种子雨的组成及时间动态.doc

常绿阔林论文：百山祖常绿阔叶林凋落物和种子雨的组成及时间动态【中文摘要】森林凋落物和种子雨一直是森林生态系统功能的重要研究内容之一。凋落物是森林生态系统养分循环的重要组成部分.而种子雨是群落发展更新的关键环节。在过去的几十年里,关于森林凋落物和种子雨的研究主要集中在热带地区的大型森林动态样地,而大型森林动态样地在亚热带常绿阔叶林建立并对凋落物和种子雨进行长期监测起步较晚,现在相关研究主要集中在国内建立的大型森林动态样地内。本文以浙江省百山祖亚热带常绿阔叶林5ha森林动态监测样地为基础,从凋落物和种子雨的组成、时间上的动态变化进行了研究。通过对样地内的50个凋落物收集站在2009-2011年三年间收集到的凋落物(枝、叶等营养器官)的分析发现：在所有凋落物种,叶凋落量占据绝大部分,比例高达88.83%；其中常绿阔叶植物的凋落量占了整个凋落量的80%以上；样地中的优势种的凋落物也在样地凋落物组成中占据重要位置,9个优势种的凋落量占了叶凋落量的86%,而这9个优势种除了亮叶水青冈外,剩下全为常绿树种。而对凋落量的动态分析发现,总凋落量和叶凋落量的凋落高峰为双峰型,两个高峰分别出现在4-6月和10-11月左右；枝条凋落量、树皮凋落量和其它营养器官凋落量的凋落高峰为不规则峰型。从各凋落量的动态图可以看出,在每年的7-8月物种树叶、枝条和树皮的凋落往往会出现或大或小的高峰,而每年的7-8月是样地遭受风暴最频繁的时期,可见,天气因素也是影响树叶枝条凋落的一个主要因素。种子雨在一定程度上反映了种群当年的结实状况和更新潜力,对植物种群更新以及群落的组成、结构和动态都具有重要影响。通过对三年间收集到的种子雨的分析发现：收集的种子雨有50种,其中收集到的花序有30种,果实有42种,种子有13种；其中,木荷(Schima superba)、老鼠矢(Symplocos stellaris)、短尾柯(Lithocarpus brevicaudatus)、尖连蕊茶(Camelliar cuspidata)、麂角杜鹃(Rhododendron latoucheae)和多脉青冈(Cyclobalanopsis multinervis)在收集到的花(序)及其碎片中数量或重量最多；在收集到的种实(种子、果实及其碎片)中,木荷(S. superba)、多脉青冈(C. multinervis)、短尾柯(L. brevicaudatus)、亮叶水青冈(F. lucida)、尖连蕊茶(C. cuspidata)和橄榄槭(Acer olivaceum)出现的次数最多。可见,优势种在森林种子雨中占据重要位置,对样地的持续更新有着重要的意义。对花(序)、果实、种子及它们的碎片的时间动态分析发现：种子雨的三大成分的凋落高峰呈梯度排列,其中花的凋落高峰一般在6-8月,之后在10月左右出现果实的凋落高峰,而种子的凋落高峰则发生在12月-次年1月。从种子和果实及其碎片的时间动态图和种子雨的年际分析看出：种子雨中的花(序)、果实和种子及其碎片各年的收集量各不相同,其中果实的结实量在2010年明显低于2009年和2011年,显示样地结实量可能存在大小年的问题,造成这种现象的原因可能是年际间的气候差异造成或是由于种子的为避免被动物猎食而形成的一种保护策略。同时,在时间动态图中看出,在每年的6-8月即夏季风暴多发季节,果实和种子的凋落会有个小的高峰,可见天气也是影响种子雨凋落的主要因素之一本研究通过对百山祖5ha样地的种子雨组成及其时间动态进行分析,试图能对样地内的种子扩散过程有一个初步的认识,从而为种子雨的深入研究和相关工作、样地物种更新和多样性的维持机制的研究提供一些参考。【英文摘要】Study of litterfall and seed rain have been the main part of community ecology for years. Litterfall plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling in forest systems, while the seed rain is critical in forest regeneration and dynamics. The establishment of large-scale forest dynamics plots in the past several years has made the long-term monitoring in tropical forests possible, but similar studies in subtropical forests were few here in China. In this paper, the composition and temporal dynamics of litterfall and seed rain from 2009 to 2011 in Baishanzu 5 ha forest plot have been studied.From the analysis of the litterfall collected from the 50 collection stations in the plot, the letterfall of evergreen broad-leaved species accounts for more than 80% of the total litterfall, the fallen leaves of 9 dominant species occupies 86% of all withered leaves, and the except the Fagus lucida which is a deciduous tree, the remaining 8 dominant species are evergreen trees, this means the evergreen species plays a major role in the forest. The leaves takes up 88.83% of the total amount of all litterfall, that makes it the largest part in the litterfall. From the study of temporal dynamics of litterfall, we find there are two peaks in the litterfall falling, one is between April and June, and the other is from October to November, the litterfall of broken little branches, barks and others in litterfall is irregular. From the figures of temporal dynamics, the large or little peaks can be found in July to August each year, when the plot get interrupted most times every year.The amount and diversity of seed rain, to some extent, reflects fruiting status and the potential of the regeneration ability in the forest, since it can affect the forest regeneration process, community structure and species composition. From the analysis of the collecting seed rain from 2009 to 2011, there are 50 different species collected, with 30 species in flower, 42 species in fruit and 13 species in seed. Among these species, Schima superba、Symplocos stellaris、Lithocarpus brevicaudatus、Camelliar cuspidata、Rhododendron latoucheae和Cyclobalanopsis multinervis have the largest number or amount in the flowers collections; while the fruit and seeds of S. superba, C. multinervis, L. Brevicaudatus, F. lucida, C. cuspidate and Acer olivaceum are ranking top in all species which have their fruits or seeds appeared in the traps. The temporal dynamics shows that the peaks of flower, fruit and seed are in order, with the amount of flower peaks from June to August, the fruit in about October and the seed in December to the next January. From the analysis of temporal dynamics of flowers, fruits and seeds, these collections are different from their weight and the collected numbers, and the collections of fruits in 2010 are obviously larger than the collections in 2009 and 2011, which indicates the potential in-and-off year phenomenon of seed rains in the plot, and this phenomenon may due to the different climate conditions among the three years or due to the self-protection strategy from the animals in the forest by the species. At the same time, the temporal dynamics also display a small peak in June to August, when the typhoon and storm are usual during this time, which means that the seed rain is affected by the climate.The regeneration of forest is a continuous process, so it is necessary to study the seeds producing, seed dispersal, seed pool, seedlings as a whole. The study of the composition and temporal dynamics in Baishanzu plots gives a fundamental foundation to the further study of seed dispersal, forest dynamics and diversity.【关键词】常绿阔林 凋落量 优势种 种子雨 时间动态加好友索全文，同时提供论文写作指导和论文发表委托服务。：一三九九三八八四八。【英文关键词】Evergreen forest litterfall dominant species seed rain temporal dynamics【目录】百山祖常绿阔叶林凋落物和种子雨的组成及时间动态摘要6-8ABSTRACT8-91 引言11-161.1 凋落物的研究进展11-131.2 种子雨的研究进展13-151.3 研究目的与意义15-162 研究方法16-222.1 样地概况16-192.1.1 百山祖自然保护区概况16-172.1.2 百山祖5ha样地概况17-192.2 凋落物的收集和