八年级下册英语(苏教版八年级)8BU4Reading语言点

8BU4Reading语言点1. After our ship crashed against/ into the rocks, I swam as far as I could.(1)against(prep) 表示“紧靠；碰，撞”，后接名词、代词、V-ing形式等作宾语。他的自行车撞到岩石上，伤了腿。His bike crashed against the rock, so he hurt his leg.墙边紧靠着一辆自行车。 There is a bike against the wall. 雨点打在窗户上。 The rain beat against the window. 把桌子靠着墙放 put the desk against the wall 把自行车靠着树放 put the bike against the tree斜靠着讲台站着 lean against the teachers desk 把脸贴在窗户上 put ones face against the windowagainst 还可以表示“反对”。 (be against/ be for赞成)Are you against it or for it? 你对此事是反对呢还是赞成?(2)as+adj./adv.+as I can=as+adj./adv.+as possible“尽可能地”我们应该尽可能地多说英语。We should speak English as often as we can.=We should speak English as often as possible。请设法尽快完成这项工作。 Please try to finish the work as soon as you can.他妈妈尽量照顾好他。His mother looked after him as well as she could. 我会尽快赶过来、I will come as quickly as I can. as far as I know 据我所知2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out. (1)by the time 到时候为止，直到时候注意：当从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时；但如果主句中的动词是be时，则往往不用完成时。我们到达时，会议已经结束 By the time we arrived, the meeting was over.他回到家时，天已经黑了。It was dark by the time he got home.我来的时候他已经走了。By the time I came here, he had already gone.当我们到家的时候他已经走了。He had left by the time we reached home.(2)be tired out 筋疲力尽我必须坐下歇一歇，我筋疲力尽了。I must sit down and rest. I am/ feel tired out.我昨天晚上差点累死。I was tired out to death last night.3. My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground! 句中的were tied to 是一般过去时的被动语态(1)tie sth to sp 用绳子把.拴于；使被束缚，使被困于把马拴在那棵树上。Tie the horse to the tree. 天气将他困在家里, 不能出去。The weather tied him to the house.他们用绳子把他绑在椅子上。They tied him to a chair with a rope. 那匹马被系在树上。The horse is tied to the tree. (2)tie sth up 把某物捆绑起来 他们把所有的旧报纸都捆扎了起来。 They tied all the old newspapers up.(3) tie 领带 (4) tie v. 现在分词； 过去式， 过去分词 tying, tied, tied4. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.(1) over 跨越(+地点/时间) over the past ten years; over lunchtime; over the river; over my shoulder(2) stomach-复数 stomachs(3) Until 直到.为止，引导时间状语从句。 until用于肯定句时，主句的动作必须是延续性的，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止； 用于否定句时，主句的动作一般是非延续性的，强调表示的动作或状态直到until所表示的时间才发生，构成notuntil结构，表示“直到.才”直到我大学毕业，我都和父母住在一起。I lived with my parents until I graduated from college.直到每个人都上车了，公交车才开动。The bus didnt start until everybody got on.他们在这儿一直等到十点钟They waited here until ten oclock.他直到五点才离开。He didnt leave until (it was) five oclock.这小男孩直到妈妈回来才睡觉。5. He was the same size as my little finger! 他和我的小手指一样大！the sameas 意思是“与一样”。 (the same+n.+ as= as+adj+as)如：我的外套和她的外套颜色一样，但是尺寸不同。 My coat is the same colour as hers, but it is different (from hers) in size.我个子和她不一样高。 I am not the same height as she/her.= I am different from her in height.6. Soon more small men started climbing all over me.(1) start/ begin to do sth= start/ begin doing sth 开始做某事（2） all over the world= around the world 遍及7. There were around 40 of them. around (adv)= about 大约8. shout at sb（对某人生气地喊叫） shout to sb 对某人大声说（为了让对方听到）10. fall over / fall down1) fall down 强调 “滑到，倒下”， 后接宾语时，先接介词（from, to, on)男孩重重地撞在树上，结果自己倒下了。The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down.那人从梯子上摔下来，伤了左腿。The man fell down from the ladder and hurt his left leg. 倒在沙滩上 fall down on the beach 倒在地上 fall down on/ to the ground fall down from= fall off 2) fall over 强调 “向前摔倒，跌倒” 他跌倒了，摔断了胳膊。 He fell over and broke her arm.这个男孩学走路时，摔倒过很多次。 The boy fell over many times when he began to learn to walk.当后面没有宾语时，fall over= fall down3) fall 词组 落后 fall behind (the times) 入睡，睡着fall aslee； p生病 fall ill ； 掉进里面 fall into ； 从掉下来 fall down from=fall off 11. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.continue doing something 继续做=continue to do something 这场雨整整下了一个下午。The rain continued falling/ to fall all the afternoon.他继续向我大叫。He continued shouting at me./ He continued to shout at me.continue 用作及物动词，表示“继续”，后接名词、代词、V-ing形式、动词不定式等作宾语。他一天一天地继续做这件工作。He continued the work day after day.你在那不停的噪声中怎么能工作得下去呀?How can you continue to work/continue working with all that noise going on? continue 用作不及物动词，意为“持续；继续”After a short break the play continued.经过短暂的休息以后，戏继续上演。12. I did not know what to do either. too, also, as well, either 他也知道答案。 我会跳舞，也会唱歌。 他也没有汽车。 我也不会开汽车。 如果你不去，我也不去。 If you dont go, I wont go either. -I dont like playing computer games. -Me _.13.I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.manage vt. & vi. 设法做成；管理I managed to pull myself up onto a wet, sloping (倾斜的) ledge (暗礁).我终于爬上了一块潮湿倾斜的暗礁。Jones manages the finances here. 琼斯主管这里的财务。managetodo （经过努力达到目的，其结果通常是成功地完成某事，强调结果。）(= succeed in doing sth.)；trytodo 强调努力的过程(= to make an effort to do sth.)。 He managed to escape to South America. 他设法逃到了南美。He tried to escape to South America. 他设法要逃到南美去。 也许我不能设法让她开心，但我会尽力去做。Maybe I cant manage to make her happy, but I will try to do that.你怎么到达那里的？How did you manage to get there?没有多少帮助的情况下，他设法将这个手术做成功了。 He managed to do the operation with very little help.你是怎样设法做成这件事的？ 消防队员成功地扑灭了那个工厂的大火。The firemen managed to put out the big fire in that factory.我尽力去救他，但失败了。I tried to save him, but failed. 我成功地拯救了他。I managed to save him.manage: 管理，有效使用（时间，金钱） manager: 经理他要求去管理一个新的公司。He asked to manage a new company.你应该学会有效地利用你的时间。You should learn to manage your time . 14. lift n. 电梯（elevator)他经常使用电梯上上下下。 He often uses the lift to go up and down. lift vt. 举起，太高，提高他很强壮能举得起这个箱子。He is strong enough to lift the box.(谚语) 众擎易举 When there are many people, it is easy to lift a load.抬起左手 lift your left hand15. I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people. 参军 join the armyan army of 一大群,一大批； an army of ants 一群蚂蚁昨天他看到一大群蚂蚁爬上了那棵树。Yesterday he saw a large army of ants climb up that tree.一群蜜蜂到处飞着.An army of bees were flying around. 句中army 最常用的意思是“军队”（尤指陆军）如：他的丈夫在陆军服役。 Her husband is in the army. 16. run away from= get away from 逃离; 从逃脱当他看见警察时就飞快地逃跑了。He ran away quickly when he saw a policeman.她从那个着火的房子里逃了出来。She ran away from the burning house. 他十三岁时就离家出走了。He ran away from home at the age of 13. run away into the forest/ that old house17. I must run away from them. must 情态动词，“应该，必须，一定”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，表示某种义务或命令，语气较强烈，否定形式是 mustnt, 表示“不许，禁止”你必须说出你的理由。 You must tell your reason.我们必须遵守规则。 We must obey the rules.你不许那么做。 You mustnt do that.注意： 回答以must 开头的疑问句时，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt, dont/doesnt