正常颅脑CT和MRI影像表现英文版

CTANDMRIIMAGINGOFNORMALBRAIN NORMALANATOMYOFBRAIN Brainisseparatedfromcalvariumbythreemeninges duramater arachnoidmembraneandpiamater Dividedintosupratentorialandinfratentorialcompartmentscontaining Supratentorium CerebralhemispheresdiencephalonInfratentorium BrainstemstructurescerebellumEachcerebralhemisphereisfurtherdividedintoFrontal Parietal TemporalandOccipitallobesbyfissures BRAINANATOMY Sagittalsurface Latvent Genu Fornix Pituitarygland Midbrain Pons Medulla Cingulategyrus Quadrigeminalcistern Splenium Colliculi 4thvent Cerebellum Thalamus Sagittalsurface PinealglandSup colliculiInf ColliculiAqueductofsylviusMidbrainCerebellum4thventriclePonsOculomotornInterthalamiccommissure 10 9 Inferiorsurface Interhemisphericfissure Temporallobe Mammillarybodies Frontallobe Olfactorytract Optictract Pit stalk pons Medullaoblongata Cerebellum Vermis Brainstemstructures Midbrain dividedintoCerebralpedunclesandcolliculi Supcolliculiattachedtomed Geniculate InftolateralGeniculatebodySurroundedbyPeri mesencephaliccistern Pons dividedintotectumandtegmentumConnectsmidbraintomedullaMedulla continuesasspinalcordContainsascendinganddescendingSpinaltracts Cerebellum DividedintotwohemispheresbyfalxcerebelliConnectedinthemidlinebyawormlikestructure VermisDividedintoI Anteriorlobeii MiddlelobeIii Flocculo nodularlobe Ventriclesofbrain Lateralventricle Cshapedcavitywithbodyintheparietallobeandextensionsinthefrontaltemporal occipitallobesConnectedtothirdventriclebyforamenofmonro Thirdventricle liesb wtwothalami connectedtofourthventriclebycerebralaqueduct Fourthventricle liesinthecerebellumCSFFlow Lat vent foramenofmonro 3rdvent cerebralaqueduct 4thvent foramenofmagindieandluschka subarachnoidspace finallyabsorbedbythearachnoidgranulations Ventriclesofbrain Bloodsupplyofthebrain Bloodsupplyofthebrain ByInternalCarotidandVertebralAInternalcarotidA MiddlecerebralAAntcerebralAPmunicatingAAnt ChoroidalAVertebralAs twoVertebralasjointoformBasilarABranches AntinfcerebellarASupcerebellarAPontineAs labyrinthineAsPostcerebralA Contd DividesintocorticalandperforatingAPerforatingAssupplyBasalganglia Thalami internalcapsuleThalamus PerforatingbrofPCAInternalcap Med latstriatebrofMCA recurrentbrofACA AntchoroidalAMidbrain Post cerebralandSupcerebellarAPons PontinebrofBasilarACerebellum Sup cerebellarA Ant infcerebellarA PostinfcerebellarAMedulla Ant PostspinalA PICA Bloodsupplyofthebrain Red MCABlue ACAGreen PCA Circleofwillis Venoussinusesofbrain Straightsinus Torculaherophili Occipitalsinus Transversesinus Sup Sagittalsinus Inf Sagittalsinus Venoussinuses Transversesinus Straightsinus sigmoidsinus Pitutiarygland ICA 3rdCN 4thCN 6thCN Sphenoidbone ViViibrOf5thCN Axialsection Cingulategyrus Caudatehead Pinealgland Corpuscallosum Lentiformnucleus trigone Sup cerebellarcistern Int capsule Thalamus Coronalsection CTTechnique Patientiskeptinsupinepositionandheadisplacedinthegantryunderthecursors Axialsectionsaretakenatanangleof10 13degreetothecanthomeatalline Slicethickness Posteriorfossa 5mmSupratentorialstructures 10mmPituitaryglandandsellarregion 1 3mm coronalsections CONTRASTSTUDIES donebyinjecting100mlof60 iodinatedcontrast contd Normalenhancement Arterial Axialsections Topogram ForCTAxialsectionsaretakenatanangleof10 13degreetotheCanthomeatallineForMRIsectionsareparalleltothereferenceline CTBraincontd NormalHUvaluesinNCCTbrainGraymatter 36 42HUWhitematter 26 34HUCSF 4 11HUBone 200to 1000HUCalcification 100to 220HUBlood 56 80 MRIImaging Multiplanarmodlitysosectionscanbetakeninaxial coronalandsagittalplanesSlicethicknessissameasCTimaging RoutinelyappliedsequencesareT1WeighetedspinechoT2WeighetedspinechoProtondensityimagesAnatomyofbrainisbetterexplainedonT1WseqwhilepathologiesarebetterstudiedonT2WandProtondensitysequences TISSUECHARACTERISTICS SeqParametersCSFGrayMWhiteMFatT1WshortTRHypoisohyperhypershortTET2WshortTRhyperisohypoiso longTEhypoProtonlongTRisoIsoiso hypohyperdensityshortTEbloodvesselsappearsignalvoidinallthesequencescalcificationandfibroustissueappearhypointenseinallsequences MRIAxialsectionaboveforamenmagnum Maxillarysinus BasilarA Medulla Cerebellarhemisphere Cisternamagna Tonsils Petrousbone Sphenoidsinus Nasalcavity Zygomaticarch CTAxialsectionaboveforamenmagnum Frontalsinus Sphenoidsinus Temporallobe BasilarA Mastoidcells Cerebellarhemisphere Cisternamagna Medulla Opticnerve Pituitary Sphenoidbone Temporalbone Cerebellartonsils MRIAxialSectionat4thVentricle Lens Opticnerve Pituitary Temporallobe Middlecerebellarpeduncle 4thVentricle Medialrectus Lateralrectus Pons Petroustemporalbone Cerebellarhemisphere CTAxialsectionat4thventricle Frontalsinus Frontalbone Mid cerebralA BasilarA Pons 4thvent cerebellum Midcerebellarpeduncle Petrousbone Temporalhorn Ant cerebrala Sellaturcica Vermis MRIAxialSectionabove4thventricle Superiorobliquemuscle Pituitarystalk Upperpons Superiorcerebellarpeduncle Opticchiasma Ambientcistern Cerebellarfolia CECTAxialsectionabove4thventricle Frontallobe AntcerebralA 4THvent Cerebellum Pons Temporalhorn Infundibulum Post cerebralA Sphenoidbone Frontalbone Frontalsinus Mid cerebralA MRIAxialsectionatmidbrain Frontallobe Interpeduncularcistern inferi Vermis Inferiorcolliculi Confluenceofsinuses Ambientcistern Uncus Optictract MidcerebralA Cerebralpeduncle AntcerebralA MRIAxialsectionat3rdventricle Genuofcorpuscallosum Caudatehead Lentiformnuleus Thalamus Spleniumofcorpuscallosum Frontalhorns Int capsule Insula 3rdventricle Occipitalhorns Opticradiation CTAxialsectionat3rdventricle Genuofcorpuscallosum Caudatenucleus Int capsule 3rdventricle Pinealgland vermis Occipitallobe Choroidplexus Thalamus Lentiformnucleus Frontalhorn PericallosalA MRIAxialsectionatmidventricle Cingulategyrus Bodyoflateralventricle Corpuscallosum Centralsulcus Corpuscallosum Interhemisphericfissure CTAxialsectionatmidventricles Cingulategyrus Bodyoflateralventricle Corpuscallosum Falxcerebri Occipitalhorns Parietallobe Coronaradiata Frontalhorns ConfluenceofSinuses torcula MRIAxialsectionatcentrumsemiovale Interhemisphericfissure Centrumsemiovale Occipitallobe Parietallobe Frontallobe CTAxialsectionatcentrumsemiovale Falxcerebri Centrumsemiovale Occipitallobe Parietallobe Frontallobe MRICoronalsectionat3rdventricle Frontalhorns Fornix 3rdventricle Clivus Interpeduncularcistern Insula Sylvianfissure Temporallobe Parotidgland Odontoid dens MRICoronalsectionatsuprasellarlevel Interhemisphericfissure Latventricle Lat PterygoidMs Nasopharynx Med PterygoidMs Sylvianfissure Sphenoidsinus Pituitarygland Opticchiasm Antcerebrala MidcerebralA MRICoronalsectionatpost ventricle Parietallobe Spleniumofcorpuscallosum Sup cerebellarcistern Tentorium Choroidplexus Atriaoflateralventricle 4thventricle MRISagittalsection Latvent Genu 3rdvent Sphenoidsinus Nasopharynx BodyofCC Splenium Quadrigeminalcistern Pons 4thvent Medulla Cerebellum Tonsil Cingulategyrus Prepontinecistern CTCoronalsectionforPituitarygland Patientiskeptinpronepositioninsubmentoverticalposition intheheadrestofCTtableTopogramistakeninthispositionandplanningisdonesothatcutsectionsparalleltothelinepassingfromfrontalbonetomentisistakenForpituitary1 3mmthicksectionsaretakeninthecoronalplanestartingfromanteriortoposterior CTCoronalsectionforPituitarygland Lateralvent Ant cerebralA Pituitarygland Opticchiasm Sphenoidsinus Lat pterygoidplate Nasopharynx Lat Pterygoidms Mid cranialfossa CTCoronalsectionforPituitarygland Latpterygoidplate Sphenoidsinus Mid cerebrala Ant cerebrala Frontalsinus Internalcarotida Nasopharynx Pituitarygland CTAxialsection bonewindow Petrousbone Mastoidaircells Carotidcanal Foramenovale Sphenoidsinus Basesphenoid Eustachiantube Ext acousticcanal Lambdoidsuture Occipitalbone CTAxialsections bonewindow Earossicles Mastoidaircells cochlea Int acousticmeatus Aditustoantrum Sq temporalbone Facialncanal Ethmoidalsinus CTAxialse