23861788_商业自动化期末报告之新竹国际商业银行.doc

湖北高考网 以纲为本备考，挑战英语高分-2009年高考英语备考谈高分备考策略一提高认字用字能力词汇的数量和质量在某种程度上决定了考生读写能力的高低，但是如果只有词汇的数量，而没有词汇的质量（即用字能力），也会影响冲刺高分。考纲对词汇的要求是“能掌握”，所谓掌握就是对你记忆的词汇能在语言交流中使用，而不是只停留在识记层面上。目前部分考生普遍存在的问题，尤其是80-100分左右的考生，词汇基础薄弱是获得高分的最大障碍，回归语言知识基础，突破词汇障碍是冲刺高分的关键。比较以下两篇书面表达短文：短文1Im very glad to introduce myself to you. My name is Zhang Bin. Im seventeen years old. One of my favorite subjects is biology. Im interested in drawing. In my spare time, I often go camping, draw some pictures of plants, and enjoy the singing of birds in nature. I want to be a biologist when I grow up.短文2Im very glad to introduce myself to you. I was born in 1990 in Beijing. I come from a happy and warm family, which includes mother, father, my sister and me. Full of colorful and challenge school life, I find that I have learned many things and bettered my personality. As for the classes, I like history and English very much. But I am not good at maths and physics. This is the reason I choose history as my major in the university. Im interested in collecting stamps, which help me learn a lot about history home and abroad. School life is still vivid in my mind. I think every student has one impression in common: we have too many numerous simulated examinations. Especially, during the last term, we were given numerous simulated examinations. Well, thats part of the life.以上两篇短文的语言知识基础功底有明显差异，短文1虽然语言错误不多，但是语言表达和语言内容平淡、简单。短文2语言表达内容充实、词汇丰富、语句结构多样。根据高考英语评分标准要求，短文1恐怕及格档都比较勉强；而短文2可以进优秀档，两篇短文在分值上会有十几分的差异！语言知识的厚度，决定了语言能力的高度！所以，考生在挑战高分备考复习中，首先要突破高分词汇关！词汇复习策略1）：“抓大放小” 以中档(高中)词汇复习为主 (放初中词汇)，例如以下词汇的运用（120分以上考生必会）：special success satisfy select significance stadium survive underline uniform reception reform register reserve reduce rough realize occupation paragraph precious predict private promote purpose profit positive pretend prevent promise persuade punish result ruin mention memory measure mayor nervous narrow familiar fault habit expert encourage electricity express experiment especially equal disturb design diet declare devote describe deliver deadline custom courage create control confident common challenge balance avoid argue audience available award agent system talent transport variety reward relate rescue respond quantity precious oxygen media merchant merely majority infer instant inspire intend independent interrupt instruction instrument interview influence illegal impress immigrate environment generous guilty gesture confuse convenient commercial concrete comment adapt adult advantage apply appointment atmosphere benefit conclusion exchange 中级词汇人物描写佳作：Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching. Students crowded into his classroom, because his lectures were always well prepared and clearly delivered. His followers liked the fact that he believed in what he taught. Secondly, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. During coffee in the caf, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. Other times, he would join the student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for advice on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success unless, during it, the students and the professor share at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable and lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is indeed a wise man. 词汇复习策略2）：“多角多项”省时高效记忆词汇提高记忆词汇质量，学会巧记、巧用词汇。例如使用英英释义记忆、句中记忆、文中记忆等一举多得的记忆策略，提高词汇的数量和质量。（1）英英释义记忆，扩大词汇量。例如：reform- change sth to make it betterreliable- you can trustpredict- say what you think will happenruin- destroy sth completelyequal- the same as big, as good as anotheravoid- stay away stop sth from happeningaward- give a prize or money to sbvariety- a lot of different thingsrespond- do or say sth to answer sb or sthoriginal- real, not copiedmajority- most things or people in a groupinstant- a very short timerescue- save sb or sth from danger（2）学习中摘抄积累好词句中记 句中记忆词汇，通过句意理解强化词汇记忆，提高记忆效果。例如：1. I only wear this suit on special occasions.2. The relations between our two countries are improving.3. These rules are intend to prevent accidents.4. This method has the advantages of saving a lot of fuel.5. The government has announced that electricity charges will go up this summer.6. I compared the copy with the original, and there wasnt much difference.7. I like the style of his writing but I dont like the content.8. John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.9. He has made an important contribution to the companys success.10. The arrangement suits his convenience very well.11. Her encouragement determined me to carry on with the work.12. Heavy traffic is causing serious delays on all routes to the coast.13. Their efforts to improve the school have been very effective.14. Fortunately, the fire was discovered soon after it had started.15. Listening to the music has a calming influence on her.16. The hotel offers the highest standards of comfort and service.17. Id like to go to the concert, but I havent any transport.18. She didnt like the work because it lacked variety, she was doing the same things all the time. 19. They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing the lost dog.20. I get along with others easily, which is especially useful for a volunteer.（3）在使用中记忆词汇（汉英互译）：翻译练习是体现“用中学，学中用” 的最好途径。我们可以在使用语言的过程巩固记忆所学过的词语。因为在语言互译的过程中，我们需要组织语言信息，运用学过的词汇知识，在进行语言表达的过程中，理解和提炼语言知识。翻译练习可以是单句或短文（互译材料可以选自高考真题的单项填空、写作参考文、短文改错短文、完形填空等内容）。例如：句子汉译英 1. 各大报纸都报道了中美之间的贸易谈判。 2. 我将尽快调查此事。只是还需要一些耐心。 3. 我们决定不爬山了，因为雨下得太大了。 4. 出租车司机会经常提醒乘客下车时带好随身物品。 5. 我的朋友鼓励我上暑期课程提高阅读技能。 答案：1. All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States.2. Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little patience.3. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining heavily.4. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car5. My friend encourages me to take a summer course to improve my reading skills.短文互译：中文：中国首都北京是世界上最大城市之一。由于位于中国的北部，冬天比较寒冷。但是秋天是北京最好的季节，既不冷也不热。众所周知，北京有众多的名胜古迹，例如颐和园、故宫和长城。中国有句名言“不到长城非好汉”。北京也由于京剧而著名。更令中国人感到自豪的是北京成功地举办了2008年的奥运会。由于承办奥运会使世界有机会更加了解中国和北京。英文：Beijing, the capital of China, is one of the largest cities in the world. Located in the north, it is very cold in winter. But autumn is the best season since its neither too cold nor too hot. As everyone knows, there are lots of places of interest, such as the Summer Palace, the palace Museum, and the Great Wall. There is a very well-known Chinese saying; “He, who has never been to the Great Wall, is not a true man.” Beijing is also famous for Beijing Opera. It is a great honor for Chinese that the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was a great success. By hosting the Olympics, we have more chance to let the world know more about China and Beijing.（3）一举多得文中记短文背诵可以帮助你在篇章理解中记忆单词、短语和句型，是记忆单词和短语的有效方法之一；“读书百遍，其意自见”，背诵英语可以加深对短文的理解，无疑可以提高你的阅读能力；背诵的过程就是语言输入和积累的过程，对口语交流和写作直接有效，真正做到说时“言之有物”，写时“落笔生花”！当你背诵了3050篇后，就会对英语的感觉开始发生改变-语感初步形成。背诵是学习语言的硬道理、真工夫！最原始的却是最有效方法。背诵例文：Im not good at 1 communicating with others such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice, speaking in 2 public and offering help to others because I always feel timid and 3 ashamed when talking with others 4 especially those of the opposite sex. I most enjoy staying 5 alone in my room and doing whatever I like without being 6 disturbed. From the above questions I come to 7 realize that I have to more 8 cheerful and open minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partner suggests that I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior. Im not interested in doing any of the 9 listed jobs at all and Im 10 determined to be a designer in the near future（4）话题联想记忆Pollution balance cause damage destroy environment forbid harmony illegal ignore liquid material nuclear phenomenon plastic occur protect quality reduce rescue resist ruin smooth suffer surround survive system Sports accept adventure athlete audience ceremony benefit coach control defeat delay duty encourage entertainment equal fail injure inspire kick measure medal position reward rapid score stadium succeed struggleFeeling admire amaze appreciate ashamed astonish awful anxious confident curious delight envy nervous optimistic patient puzzled quarrel regret respect scare sensitive Education academic arrange apply behave biology cause challenge character common congratulation courage culture degree devote experience express expert familiar graduate intelligence instruction institute introduce interview junior lecture mention method normal novel opinion refer regular request offer principle permit provide section scholarship schedule select senior uniform 冲刺高考英语高分，过好词汇关才会有挑战完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达以及新题型任务阅读这些高分试题的资本！英语学习的基石-词汇和语法。挑战高分的资本除了过好词汇关，还要过好-语法知识关！高分备考策略二提高中级语法运用能力在备考复习中，首先要对大纲要求掌握的24项语法项目进行“瘦身”处理，即强化主干语法知识的最后梳理，例如高分必须过关的三项语法：动词时态、复合句和非谓语动词。因为英语动词的灵活多样，是中国学生学习英语的难点，所以也是英语测试的考查重点和热点。重点突破以下语法要点：*掌握动词时态 “321”: 3个一般时：一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时 两个进行时：现在进行时和过去进行时1个完成时：现在完成时*掌握三大从句连词的使用: 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句*清楚非谓语动词的逻辑主语:非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。但是它在英语中的作用仅次于动词时态。难点是它的动词特点；即可以有自己的宾语、状语以及时态和语态的形式变化。因此，非谓语动词是高中语法学习的难点和重点，是高分考生必须具备的语法知识基础。非谓语动词掌握的如何在高考中是可以拉开档次的，是高考中的热点和失分点。非谓语动词使用口诀：n 谓与非谓经常混n 谓语句中就一个n 其余动词非谓语n 常见形式有三种n v-ing, v-ed 和to don 现在分词表主动n 过去分词表被动n 目的要用不定式利用背佳作，记语法。Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They always say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. Whats more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.高分备考策略三突破高分试题 完形填空 书面表达高考高分的决胜题为完形填空试题，它是一道语言知识综合性最强的试题，深受各种英语测试的青睐。如何将完形填空试题在高考中的“失分大户”变为“得分大户”呢？在最后阶段的复习，部分考生认为完形填空试题太难，在短时间内不会有突破。其实不然，我们可以实施“有效偏科”策略，猛攻完形填空试题，采取啃得就是硬骨头策略，进行专项强化训练，熟练解题技巧，实现质的飞跃，使整个英语成绩上一个台阶，使“失分大户”变“得分大户”。完形填空备考策略：1）语篇突破加大无词填空训练，目的是提高语篇理解的能力。无词填空训练，强迫你要依赖篇章进行选词，使文章通顺达意。不受干扰项的干扰，与读者对话是完成完形填空试题的良好习惯。选项中涉及了80个词语，但是有效词语只有20个（仅四分之一）。如果我们能依赖篇章，读懂作者，选项中的无用信息就不会占用宝贵的考试时间。无词填空是难度比较大的一种思维训练，但是训练的效果比较好。完形填空本来是一篇完整的短文，空缺的信息是可以根据上下文、语篇逻辑及生活常识等方面的知识和信息获得。 2）培养语感 背诵经典，提高语感。高考完形填空的短文都是精心挑选的，体裁与题材是考生比较熟悉的，一些经典的短文常被用作完形填空的练习，这些短文往往让读者爱不释手，回眸无限。在背诵中可以体会完形填空的出题思路和挖空角度，从而做到知己知彼。高考文科状元刘梦羽经验谈: “完形填空”在高考中占分值达到30分该试题对语法,词汇,阅读,理解等多项英语能力都有所考查,综合性很强.我的一个小习惯帮了我的大忙.在高考复习中,我坚持每天用固定的时间进行朗读英语,虽然高考中没有一道试题是针对朗读开展,但是我发现朗读能让我比较容易地找到对英语的感觉.而完形填空最终考查的就是一种感觉.在做完形填空试题时会选读起来最通顺的选项,这个读起来最通顺的选项又恰好就是正确答案.在高考完形填空试题只错了一个空.这种脱口成章的语言自由运用状态,才是语言学习的根本和真正目的。”书面表达备考策略：高分作文最大的特点：要具备写作的四种能力和满足高分的四项标准。1）明确写作考查的4能力：（1）审题能力：明确写作目的、要传递什么信息, 要说明什么问题、思想性等；（2）组织能力：处理信息的能力、组织文章的逻辑性；（3）修改能力：发现问题、纠正错误、提高文章档次；（4）发挥能力：表达简洁、地道、流畅、语言形式多样、词汇丰富、有自己的见解等。2）明确写作高分的4项主要标准： （1）覆盖所有内容要点； （2）准确使用所学的语法和词汇；（3）应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；（4）有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。应试备考要关注写作细节，即“细节决定成败”。命题出新、要求提高，这是新一轮课改在英语书面表达方面的体现。备考要关注写作要领的训练：1）细读提示明确文体、人称、时态。2）写全要点了解核心内容，非重要情节；图画作文应认真分析判断才能分清主次。表格、图表中所显示内容原则上一个不能少。3） 卷面干净、书写认真不求文字隽秀，力保规范工整。任何人都对脏乱差深恶痛绝，建议考生打草稿。4）层次分明、承上启下为使读者一目了然，分成2至3段；注意连接词、过渡句的合理适时使用。5）繁简有度、亮点突出详写与略写适度，尤其是图画类，学会筛选 。摒弃流水账式的短文；能使用较高级词汇和较复杂的语法结构是求得高档次及该档次高端分值的保证。佳作赏析：My name is Wang Shan. I am a 16-year-old girl studying in Beijing Yangguang Middle School. Listening to the music and taking photos are my favorite things to do in my spare time. Im good at communicating with others and always ready to help other people. Furthermore, I love nature. When I am free, I will travel to beautiful natural attractions to experience natural wonders with my family. In addition, I love peace, for I hope all nations in the world can live in a peaceful environment and lead a happy life. The purpose of my intending to join the Peace and Friendship Summer Camp is to make more friends from foreign countries, and to have an access to the insight of foreign cultures. I hope I can do something for the world peace, and Im sure Ill be learning a lot from the summer camp. 该文内容切题，要点齐全，尤其在语言运用方面表现尤佳。一是准确运用了丰富的词汇，如a 16-year-old girl；in my spare time；communicating with; furthermore; natural attractions; experience natural wonders; in addition; lead a happy life; the purpose; intend to; have an access to; the insight of foreign cultures等等。 二是短文大量恰当地使用了非谓语动词的各种表达形式，不仅使得全文句式变化多样，而且浓缩了语言，使有限的篇章包含了大量的信息，其中现在分词的用法有： studying in Beijing Yangguang Middle School作定语，修饰a 16-year-old girl； Listening to the music and taking photos作主语。动名词的用法有：communicating with others作Im good at的宾语。不定式的用法有： my favorite things to do中修饰my favorite thing； to help other people修饰形容词ready； to experience natural wonders表示目的； to join the Peace and Friendship Summer Camp作intending的宾语； to make more friends和to have an access to the insight of foreign cultures作表语等。 三是此文还运用了多种句式，包括并列句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句等等。最后，此文还有效地使用了语句间的连接成分furthermore; in addition等. 中式英语是写作的大忌。避免中式英语的有效途径是建立英语意识，即克服母语干扰。即英文中有动词的时态变化,而中文却没有。英文中有名词的复数变化,而中文却没有。英文中的定语往往后置,而中文的定语多半前置。英文的状语和中文的状语在句子结构中有不同位置在英语语法复习过程中, 首先要克服来自母语习惯的干扰,努力培养英语的语言习惯。在备考的练习中,一定要养成一个习惯,即:凡是用到动词就自然想到它的恰当时态、语态、语气以及是谓语还是非谓语。凡是用到名词时就一定要注意单数和复数的问题。这样有意识地培养英语的语言习惯，就能够减少语言错误，对解答短文改错试题也有很大帮助。语法给了我们语言的基本规则，而良好的语感使我们能直觉地正确判断和使用语言。总之，备考中要夯实基础知识，强化基本训练，才能以不变应万变，冲刺理想高分！词汇复习 （Words Revision）一、 请将下列单词按下表分类的要求填入表格内。barber, kitchen, imagine, strange, follow, amazing, climb, ride, meet, accident, hear, modern, run, silence, destroy, anymore, alien, hero, mad, hard-working, semester, village, graduate, volunteer, decision, return, sincerely, danger, take, chance, shout ,disappointing, make, fortunately, rural, happen, tell, scared, get, recent, suppose, lucky, anywhere, poor, influence, area, thin, injured, tonight, close名词barber, kitchen, alien, accident, silence, hero, semester, village, graduate, volunteer, decision, danger, chance, influence, area, tonight,(16)动词imagine, follow, climb, ride, meet, hear, run, destroy, return, take, shout, happen, tell, get, suppose, close，make (17)形容词strange, amazing, modern, mad, hard-working, disappointing, rural, scared, recent, lucky, poor, thin, injured, (13)副词anymore, sincerely, fortunately, anywhere二、 按要求完成下列任务 1.strange-(名词)stranger 2.follow-(形容词) following 3.hear -(过去式) heard 4. silence- (形容词)silent 5.destroy- (过去式) destroyed 6.hero- (复数) heroes 7. decision-(动词) decide 8 danger- (形容词) dangerous 9. luckily-(同义词)fortunately 10.thin-( 比较级) thinner11.take-（过去式） took 12.recent- (副词) recently 三、 请用下列动词分别组成动词短语，每组不少于五个。1.get- get on( along), get back, get home, get in, get into, get off, get out, get to, get together, get up, get over , get here/ there, get away (逃脱；离开), get through(通过),2.take- It takes sb. time to do sth. , take after, take away, take back, take off, take out (of), take it easy, take place, taketo , take sbs advice, take a photo, take a bus, take on, take up, take in(接受), take over(接管),3.tell- tell sb. sth, tell the truth, tell a lie, tell a story, tell sb. about sth, tell sb. to do sth, tell the difference between, tell it like it is(实话实说) 4. make- make a decision, make a mistake, make sb. do sth, make money, make a living, make a team, make a bed, make a phone call, make into, make progress,巩固练习：一、根据英文释义写单词1.someone who is not paid for the work that they do- volunteer2.to form a picture of something or someone in your mind- imagine3.someone who has done something brave, for example saving a persons life- hero4.not as good as you had hoped for or expected- disappointing5.a situation in which harm, death, damage is possible- danger6.a very small town in the countryside- village7.unusual or unexpected, especially in a way that surprises or worries you- strange8.ralating to the countryside or in the countryside- rural9.a room where you prepare and cook food, and wash dishes- kitchen10.a journey on a horse or other animal, on a bicycle or motorcycle- ride二、完成句子1.昨天当妈妈到家的时候，你在干什么？ What were you doing when your mother arrived home yesterday?2今天早上我很累，起床很费劲。I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of bed.3.他不知道外面在发生什么事？He didnt know what was happening outside.4.我们应该把书及时还给图书馆。We are supposed to