初中英语一般过去时批课讲义

一般过去时一、概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用；也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。二、标志与表示过去的一些时间状语连用1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；2. 由“last+时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；4. 其它：just now等 三、使用情况： （1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got （get的过去式）a fight with my boyfriend. 我昨天和我男朋友吵架了。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 Mother always took（过去时不存在三单变化） me to a blind date last year.去年妈妈总是带着我去相亲。（注：在国外,通过朋友介绍或者其他方式结识的人,第一次见面就叫做BLIND DATE,因为双方都是盲的,没有见过对方,对对方不了解.）4、 结构及句型变化一般现在时的结构及句型变化结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式（1)结构一（谓语动词为be动词时） 肯定句：主语+be(was，were)+其它. （注：am,iswas, arewere）J否定句：主语+be+not+其它. 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它? e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. I was not late yesterday. They werent in Bei jing last year. Were you late yesterday？ Were they in Bei jing last year？ Yes, I was. Yes, they were. No, I wasnt. No, they werent am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） Eg.（2011四川中考27题） Ten minutes ago,there _an eraser ,a pen,and some books on the desk. A.was B.were C.is D.are否定句：were not 一般疑问句：Were there? (2）结构二（谓语动词为情态动词时） (注意：情态动词 can ，may ，have to 等等。） 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它.J 否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它. E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. The old man couldnt swim 30 years ago. Could the old man swim 30 years ago? Yes, he could. No, he couldnt. 常用情态动词过去式如下： cancould（能，会） maymight（可以） have tohad to（不得不)shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称 (3)结构三（谓语动词为实义动词时） 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它.J 否定句：主语+ didnt +动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ E.g. Li Ming studied English this morning. E.g. We often played tennis in the past. Li Ming didnt study English this morning. We didnt often play tennis in the past. Did Li Ming study English this morning？ Did you often play tennis in the past? Yes, he did. Yes, we did. No, he didnt. No, we didnt. 注：1.谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定句和一般疑问句一律找助动词did来帮忙（过 去时不分人称和单复数，都是加did或did not） 2.前面出现了助动词，后面的动词一律用原形。 3.变一般疑问句时，一问一答的关系当中，第一人称和第二人称要相互交换。 Eg.(2015湖北中考）_John sing a song at the party? Yes,he sang an English song. A.Does B.Did C.Was 五、一般过去时的特殊句 特殊疑问词：who，what，when，which，why，where，whose，how 结构：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句？ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？ E.g. Where were you last night？ What did Jim do yesterday? Where did you walk to yesterday？ How did you find the job? 六、动词的过去式 1、动词过去式的规则变化 (1)、一般词尾加-ed stay-stayed help - helped ask - asked look-looked watch - watched (2）、以e结尾的只加-d hope-hoped love - loved dance - danced livelived （3）、末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音 字母，再加-ed Stop- stopped plan- planned drop - dropped beg - begged （4)、“辅音字母+y”尾，变y为i, 再加 -ed carry - carried study - studied hurry - hurried 2、动词过去式的不规则变化（见动词不规则变化表格）7、 课后练习1，单项选择（基础巩固）1）My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent2） your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were3） The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was4）your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after 5）Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt 2.请用正确动词形式填空（拓展提升）1）. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2） _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3）What _ To