英语被动语态的用法

A 主动语态表示主语是动作的 B 被动语态表示主语是动作的 Weplantedthetree Thetreewasplantedbyus 执行者 承受者 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 e g Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 Thisbookwaspublishedin1981 这本书出版于1981年 不知道电脑是谁偷的 2 强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 e g ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike 窗户是迈克打破的 Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim 这本书是他写的 1 Peopleuseaknifeforcuttingthings Aknife forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth isused are cleaned 3 Chineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals Manygoldmedals byChineseathletes werewon WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 Englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday 将来 城市会建造新医院Inthefuture anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity 明年几千棵树会被种在小山上 Thousandsoftreeswillbeplantedonthehillnextyear Theywillfinishtheworksoon Theworkwillbefinished bythem soon Myfatherwillnotpunishmeformymistake Iwill shallnotbepunishedbymyfatherformymistake 1 Won twaterbeturnedintoicewhenitisbelowfreezing 2 Willtheworkbefinishedatonce Yes itwill Whenwillthesebooksbepublished Whomwillthisbookbewrittenby Nobody allow toenterthestadiumwithoutaticket 2 Children notallow tomakeanoiseandupsetthecompetitors Iftheydo they takeaway fromthestadium Rulesfortheaudience willbeallowed won tbeallowed willbetakenaway 3 Noanimals allow inthestadium 4 Cheatingbyathletes notexcuse They tell toleaveand punish 5 Nosmoking allow ifyouarediscovered you fine willbeallowed willnotbe willbetold excused willbepunished willbeallowed willbefined 1 Thework soon A willbefinishedB hasbeenfinishedC willfinishD finishes2 I ifIfinishtheworkwithinoneday shallbepraisedB wouldpraiseC willpraiseD praise 3 Thesefilms untiltomorrowmorning can tdevelopB aren tdevelopingC won tbedevelopedD won tdevelop4 Hundredsofjobs ifthefactorycloses A loseB willbelostC arelostD willlose 5 Apartyisgoingto tonight Wouldyouliketogowithme I dliketo butIhavetolookaftermysickmother A organizeB havebeenorganizedC beorganizingD beorganized 6 Stamps bypeopleforsendingletters A useB usingC usedD areused ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态 Lookatthefollowingsentence payattentiontotheunderlinedpart Example OvertimeIhavebeenchangedalot Canyoufindoutmorethantwosentencesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s Ihavebeenevenputintospacerockets 1 现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型 主语 have hasbeen 过去分词Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen 2 现在完成时被动语态否定句句型 主语 have has not been 过去分词Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet Manyworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany 句型 3 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型 Have Has 主语 been 过去分词 Hasanewcomputerbeenbought HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish 4 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型 疑问词 have has 主语 been 过去分词 Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool 3 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型 Have Has 主语 been 过去分词 Hasanewcomputerbeenbought HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish 4 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型 疑问词 have has 主语 been 过去分词 Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool Thebuildings destroy earthquake Thebuildingshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake Makingupsentencesusingpresentperfectpassivevoice 即学即练 1 machine replace computer Themachinehasbeenreplacedbythecomputer 2 newbridge build inourcity Anewbridgehasbeenbuiltinourcity 3 Manytreeshavebeenplantedalongtheroad manytrees plant alongtheroad 4 1 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前 强调对现在造成的影响和结果 Thedoorhasbeenlocked 2 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去 持续到现在 并可能持续下去 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用 或用于Howlong 句型中 用法 EXAMPLE1 Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks 2 Howlonghasthemachinebeenused 现在完成时的标志 recently already yet for 一段时间 since 时间点 点津 注意 1 只有及物动词才有被动语态 不及物动词 词组 没有被动语态 例如 happen takeplace die appear disappear fail remain lie last sit stand breakout cometrue belongto等 Whathashappenedtoyourbrother 2 但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的动词短语 相当于及物动词 也可以有被动语态 但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体 变为被动语态时 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词 Thechildhasbeentakengoodcareofbyhisgrandmaalltheseyears Anoticehasbeenputuponthewall 3 一些特殊动词 如borrow finish begin buy start return marry open join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 若要表达相应的意思 则需改换动词或时态 Mybrotherhashad 不能用hasbought thisbikeforalmostfouryears Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought Howlongagowasthisbookbought 用被动语态改写下列句子 Theyhaveopenedthreetrainingcentersinthiscitybynow 2 Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear Anewlibraryandagymnasiumhavebeenbuiltinourschoolthisyear byus Threetrainingcentershavebeenopenedinthiscity bythem bynow 3 Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea 4 ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject Aplanhasbeenmadebythemtohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea AlotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheHopeProjectbythegovernment 改错 1 Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus 2 Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer 3 APChasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted 4 Ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoine