Unit 4 A View of Mountains综合教程四

Unit4 Unit4AViewofMountains Watchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions Questionsfordiscussion 1 WhydidSallyRegenhardsaythat9 11was ashatteringoffaith Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground Shebelievedinthesystem andnowthatthesystemwasshatteredbytheterroristactivity soshethoughttheeventisfaith shattering 3000peoplewerekilled Andthesurvivingfamilymembershadveryrighttoknowthetruthaboutthe9 11 Sothereneededtobeaninvestigation 2 WhydidCarolAshleythinkthattheremustbeaninvestigation Whatdoyouknowaboutthe9 11attacksandwhatinfluenceshavetheeventsexert Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement3 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground FromOnNativeSoil Policeman Policeman EuniceHanson SallyRegenhard CarolAshley MaxCleland Moveback Moveback Moveit Goback Iknewwehadenemies naturally butIalwaysfeltprettysafehere Inever never inamillionyearsdreamedthatanythinglikethiscouldhappentous Webelievedinthesystemandyouknow 9 11wasashatteringoffaith 3000peoplewerekilled Itwasamassmurder Andthereneededtobeaninvestigation Thesurvivingfamilymembers nobodycandenythattheyhadtheultimateclaimtothetruthabout9 11 VideoScript Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground AtomicbomborA bombisaweaponderivingitsexplosiveforcefromthereleaseofatomicenergythroughthefission splitting ofheavynuclei ThefirstatomicbombwasproducedatalaboratoryinLosAlamos NewMexico andsuccessfullytestedonJuly16 1945 ThiswastheculminationofalargeU S armyprogramthatwaspartoftheManhattanProject Itbeganin1940 twoyearsaftertheGermanscientistsOttoHahnandFritzStrassmandiscoverednuclearfission Culturalbackground1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground AtomicBomb Culturalbackground2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground OnAug 6 1945 anatomicbombwasdroppedonHiroshimawithanestimatedequivalentexplosiveforceof12 500tonsofTNT followedthreedayslaterbyasecond morepowerful bombonNagasaki Bothbombscausedwidespreaddeath injury anddestruction andthereisstillconsiderabledebateabouttheneedtohaveusedthem Culturalbackground3 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground Nuclearweaponsareweaponsofmassdestructionpoweredbyatomic ratherthanchemical processes Nuclearweaponsproducelargeexplosionsandhazardousradioactivebyproductsbymeansofeithernuclearfissionornuclearfusion AfterWorldWarII theproliferationofnuclearweaponsbecameanincreasingcauseofconcernthroughouttheworld Attheendofthe20thcentury thevastmajorityofsuchweaponswereheldbytheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion othercountriesthatpossessknownnuclearcapabilitiesaretheGreatBritain France China Pakistan andIndia Israelalsohas NuclearWeapon Culturalbackground4 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground nuclearweaponsbuthasnotconfirmedthatfactpublicly NorthKoreahasconductedanucleartestexplosionbutprobablydoesnothaveareadilydeliverablenuclearweapon andSouthAfricaformerlyhadasmallarsenal Overadozenothercountriescan orsooncould makenuclearweapons Culturalbackground5 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground OnAugust6 1945 thefirstatomicbombattackoccurredoverHiroshima Japan Threedayslater onAugust9 Nagasaki Japan wasbombed ThebombingofNagasakiwasthelastmajoractofWorldWarIIandwithindays onAugust15 1945 theJapanesesurrendered Inestimatingthedeathtollfromtheattacks thereareseveralfactorsthatmakeitdifficulttoarriveatreliablefigures inadequaciesintherecordsgiventheconfusionofthetimes themanyvictimswhodiedmonthsoryearsafterthebombingasaresultofradiationexposure andnotleast thepressureto TheBombingofHiroshimaandNagasaki Culturalbackground6 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalbackground eitherexaggerateorminimizethenumbers dependinguponpoliticalagenda Thatsaid itisestimatedthatbyDecember1945 asmanyas140 000haddiedinHiroshimabythebombanditsassociatedeffects InNagasaki roughly74 000peoplediedofthebombanditsaftereffects Inbothcities mostofthecasualtieswerecivilians TheintentionalkillingofciviliansbytheAlliesofWorldWarII whoclaimedthattheircausewasjust raisedmoralquestionsaboutthejustcourseofthewar GlobalReading general Generalanalysis Structuralfeatures ThroughintroducingYamahata spictures theauthoraimsatbringingtopeople sattentionwhatkindofcatastrophicconsequencesnuclearthreatmayleadtoandthattheunpredictabilityofnuclearattackmightmakeanycityintheworldbecomethenexttarget Therefore theonlywaytokeepthisworldsafefromnuclearperilisforpeopletotakeactiontodispelnuclearweaponryfromtheearth Rhetoricalfeatures GlobalReading structural1 Generalanalysis Structuralfeatures ThisargumentativeessaydescribesnucleardestructionthroughaJapanesephotographer spictures Thetextcomprisesthreeparts PartI Paragraph1 Thewriterdescribesthephotographsandhowaviewofmountainsinthebackgroundofonepicturepowerfullycaptureshowthoroughlythecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbomb Rhetoricalfeatures GlobalReading structural2 PartII Paragraphs2 3 TheauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshima becauseitsuggeststhatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagainandthreateneveryone soweneedtotakeactiontodispelthenuclearthreatfromtheEarth PartIII Paragraph4 Herestateshismainidea i e weshouldnotjustworryaboutthenuclearperilbuttakeactiontoeliminateittocreateasaferworld Generalanalysis Structuralfeatures Rhetoricalfeatures GlobalReading rhetorical1 InEnglish informationcanbeorganizedinvariousways Oneoftheeffectivewaysofemphasizingsomeinformationistoputitafterthewordbutinthe not AbutB structure Inthetext theauthorusesthisrhetoricaldevicemanytimes Forinstance Thephotographsdisplaythefateofasinglecity buttheirmeaningisuniversal Paragraph2 Practice Pickoutsomeothersentenceswiththesamestructureandanalyzetheeffecttheyachieve Generalanalysis Structuralfeatures Rhetoricalfeatures Globalreading rhetorical2 Generalanalysis Structuralfeatures Rhetoricalfeatures 1 Thetruemeasureoftheeventliesnotinwhatremainsbutinallthathasdisappeared Paragraph1 2 thechallengeisnotjusttoapprehendthenuclearperilbuttoseizeaGod givenopportunitytodispelitonceandforall Paragraph3 3 oneshowingnotwhatwewouldlosethroughourfailurebutwhatwewouldgainbyoursuccess Paragraph3 Apartfromthe AbutB sentencestructure wecanalsofindthe AyetB type Andwecanfindasentencethatorganizesinformationinasimilarwaywithouttheuseoftheconjunction but or yet 6 Arrivingahalf centurylate theyarestillnews Paragraph2 Globalreading rhetorical3 4 NagasakihasalwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima YetthebombingofNagasakiisincertainrespectsthefittersymbolofthenucleardangerthatstillhangsoverus Paragraph2 5 Yamahata spicturesaffordaglimpseoftheendoftheworld Yetinourday Paragraph3 Generalanalysis Structuralfeatures Rhetoricalfeatures OnAugust9 1945 thedaytheatomicbombwasdroppedonNagasaki YosukeYamahata aphotographerservingintheJapanesearmy wasdispatchedtothedestroyedcity Thehundredorsopictureshetookthenextdayconstitutethefullestphotographicrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence Hiroshima destroyedthreedaysearlier hadlargelyescapedthecamera slensinthefirstdayafterthebombing ItwasthereforelefttoYamahatatorecord methodically and asithappens withagreatandsimpleartistry theeffectsonahumanpopulationofanuclearweapononlyhoursafter JonathanSchell AVIEWOFMOUNTAINS Detailedreading1 Detailedreading 1 Detailedreading2 ithadbeenused SomeofYamahata spicturesshowcorpsescharredinthepeculiarwayinwhichanuclearfireballcharsitsvictims Theyhavebeenburnedbylight technicallyspeaking bythe thermalpulse andtheirbodiesareoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes whosecolorsabsorblightindifferentdegrees Onephotographshowsahorsetwistedunderthecartithadbeenpulling Anothershowsaheapofsomethingthatoncehadbeenahumanbeinghangingoveraledgeintoaditch Athirdshowsagirlwhohassomehowsurvivedunwoundedstandingintheopenmouthofabombshelter Detailedreading Detailedreading3 andsmilinganunearthlysmile shockinguswiththesightofordinarylife whichotherwiseseemstohavebeenleftbehindforgoodinthesceneswearewitnessing Stretchingintothedistanceonallsidesarefieldsofrubbledottedwithfires and inthebackground aviewofmountains Wecanseethemountainsbecausethecityisgone Thatabsence evenmorethanwreckage containstheheartofthematter Thetruemeasureoftheeventliesnotinwhatremainsbutinallthathasdisappeared Detailedreading Detailedreading4 IttookafewsecondsfortheUnitedStatestodestroyNagasakiwiththeworld ssecondatomicbomb butittookfiftyyearsforYamahata spicturesoftheeventtomakethejourneybackfromNagasakitotheUnitedStates Theywereshownforthefirsttimeinthiscountryin1995 attheInternationalCenterforPhotographyinNewYork Arrivingahalf centurylate theyarestillnews Thephotographsdisplaythefateofasinglecity buttheirmeaningisuniversal since inourageofnucleararms whathappenedtoNagasakican inaflash happentoanycityintheworld Inthephotographs Nagasakicomesintoitsown NagasakihasalwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima asif Detailedreading 2 Detailedreading5 Detailedreading thehumanimaginationhadstumbledtoexhaustioninthewreckageofthefirstruinedcitywithoutreachingeventheoutskirtsofthesecond YetthebombingofNagasakiisincertainrespectsthefittersymbolofthenucleardangerthatstillhangsoverus Itisproofthat havingonceusednuclearweapons wecanusethemagain Itintroducestheideaofaseries theseriesthat withtensofthousandsofnuclearweaponsremaininginexistence continuestothreateneveryone Theunpredictable open endedcharacteroftheseriesissuggestedbythefactthatthesecondbomboriginallywastobedroppedonthecityofKokura whichwassparedNagasaki sfateonlybecausebadweather Detailedreading6 Detailedreading protecteditfromview Eachpicturethereforeseemednotsomuchanimageofsomethingthathappenedahalf centuryagoasawindowcutintothewallofthephotographycentershowingwhatsooncouldeasilyhappentoNewYork Wherevertheexhibitmighttravel moreover theviewofthreatenedfuturefromthese windows wouldberoughlyaccurate since althougheveryintactcityisdifferentfromeveryother allcitiesthatsuffernucleardestructionwilllookmuchthesame Detailedreading7 Detailedreading Yamahata spicturesaffordaglimpseoftheendoftheworld Yetinourday whenthechallengeisnotjusttoapprehendthenuclearperilbuttoseizeaGod givenopportunitytodispelitonceandforall weseemtoneed inaddition someotherpicturetocounterpoiseagainstruinedNagasaki oneshowingnotwhatwewouldlosethroughourfailurebutwhatwewouldgainbyoursuccess Whatmightthatpicturebe though Howdoyoushowtheoppositeoftheendoftheworld ShoulditbeNagasaki intactandalive beforethebombwasdropped orperhapsthesparedcityofKokura 3 Detailedreading8 Detailedreading Shoulditbeachild oramotherandchild orperhapstheEarthitself Noneseemsadequate forhowcanwegiveadefiniteformtothatwhichcanassumeinfiniteforms namely thelivesofallhumanbeings nowandinthefuture Imagination facedwitheithertheendoftheworldoritscontinuation mustremainincomplete Onlyactioncansatisfy Detailedreading9 Detailedreading Once thearrivalintheworldofnewgenerationstookcareofitself Now theycancomeintoexistenceonlyif throughanactoffaithandcollectivewill weensuretheirrighttoexist Performingthatactisthegreatestoftheresponsibilitiesofthegenerationsnowalive Thegiftoftimeisthegiftoflife forever ifweknowhowtoreceiveit 4 Whyisaviewofmountainsprovidedbyapicturesosignificantthatitwaschosenasthetitleoftheessay Detailedreading1 Quesion1 Aviewofmountainsinthedistanceratherthanthewreckageismeanttoremindtheviewerofthecitythatwasleveledtothegroundbytheatomicbombandofthenormallifethatwouldhavebeengoingonthere Thisiswherethesignificanceofthepicturelies Detailedreading Detailedreading1 Quesion2 Detailedreading WhyareYamahata spicturesstillnews BecauseitwasthefirsttimethatAmericanshadeverseenthepicturessincetheatomicbombingfiftyyearsago Detailedreading1 Quesion3 Detailedreading Inwhatway s isthebombingofNagasakithefittersymbolofthenucleardanger ThebombingofNagasakiisregardedasthefittersymbolofthenuclearperilintworespects First itisevidencethatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagaintodestroyhumancivilization Second thefactthatNagasakihadnotbeentheoriginallychosentargetofthenuclearattackshowstheunpredictabilityofpossiblenuclearattacksinthefuture Thatis everycityintheworldisliabletonucleardestruction Detailedreading1 Quesion4 Detailedreading WhatistheuniversalmeaningofYamahata sphotos Theywereintendedtodemonstratethedevastatingpowerofnuclearweaponsandexpressanapprehensionofthenuclearperilmenacingtheworld Detailedreading1 Quesion5 Detailedreading DoYamahata spicturesfullyexpresstheauthor sintentionofwriting Whyorwhynot No itonlyexpressespartofit becausethewriterintendsnotonlytoexpresshisapprehensionofthenuclearthreatbut moreimportantly tocallonthepeopletotakeactionstobanishforevernuclearweaponryfromtheEarth Detailedreading1 Activity1 Detailedreading GroupdiscussionDoyoufindtheInternetusefulinyourlife WhatadvantagesdoestheInternetbringtoyou ArethereanydisadvantagesoftheInternet ShareyouropinionsabouttheprosandconsoftheInternetwithyourgroupmates dispatch v sendsb sth somewhere especiallyforaspecialpurpose Detailedreading1 dispatch e g Eventheairforcewasmobilizedtodispatchrelieftothequake strickenarea Thegovernmentwaspreparingtodispatch4 000soldierstosearchtheisland Detailedreading ColoredpeopleconstituteamajorityofthepopulationinWesternCape Detailedreading1 constitute Detailedreading constitute v a linkingverb notinprogressive beconsideredtobesth Failingtocompletetheworkconstitutesabreachoftheemploymentcontract Nitrogenconstitutes78 oftheearth satmosphere e g b Ifseveralpeopleorthingsconstitutesth theyarethepartsthatformit Wemustredefinewhatconstitutesafamily Itisuptotheteachertodecidewhatconstitutessatisfactorywork e g Translation 西海角省 WesternCape 的大部分居民是有色人种 Detailedreading2 brand1 Detailedreading brand v labelormarkwithorasifwithabrandtodescribesb orsth asaverybadtypeofpersonorthing oftenunfairly Theybrandedthecattleonebyone TheUSadministrationrecentlybrandedhimasawarcriminal e g Collocation brandsb assth brandsth withsth ofteninpassive Note brand n atypeofproductmadebyaparticularcompany Detailedreading2 brand2 Detailedreading Translation 我很高兴地告诉您 你们的 永久 牌自行车已成为我方市场上最畅销的商品之一 Iamgladtotellyouthatyour Forever bicyclehasbecomeoneofthebestsellingbrandsonourmarket Detailedreading3 witness1 Detailedreading witness v see hear orknowbypersonalpresenceandperception e g Onlyonepersonwitnessedtheaccident TheHuangpuRiverhaswitnessedthedevelopmentofShanghai Note witness n apersonwhoseessth happenandisabletodescribeittootherpeople Translation 警方呼吁这个事故的目击者出来作证 Policehaveappealedforwitnessestotheaccident Detailedreading3 witness2 Detailedreading e g Wewerewitnesstotheworstperiodintheclub shistory e g Bristol sgrandbuildingsbearwitnesstothecity smagnificentpast bewitnesstosth formal seesth happenbearwitnesstosth formal showthatsth existsorexisted Collocation Detailedreading3 dot Detailedreading dot v coverorsprinklewithorasifwithdots e g Thecountrysideisdottedwithbeautifulancientchurches Wehaveofficesdottedallovertheregion Note dot n asmallroundmark especiallyonethatisprinted onthedot exactlyontimeorattheexacttimementioned Collocation e g Breakfastisservedat8onthedot 8点整开早饭 Detailedreading4 comeintoone sown Detailedreading comeintoone sown acquire enterintopossessionof becomeverygood useful orimportantinaparticularsituation e g Theserialcomposershavefinallycomeintotheirown Onicyroads afour wheeldrivevehiclereallycomesintoitsown Detailedreading4 intheshadowof1 Detailedreading e g Tomwasagoodlawyer buthewasalwaysintheshadowofhisfamousfather Livingintheshadowofaglamoroussister Hildawasquietandshy intheshadowof intheshadowofsb receivinglittleattentionbecausesb elseisbetterknownormoreskillful e g ThechildrenofthesurvivorslivedtheirlivesintheshadowoftheHolocaust Theorganizationistryingtoprotectcivilrightsintheshadowofterrorism intheshadowofsth influencedbysth badthathashappenedorcouldhappen Detailedreading4 intheshadow2 Detailedreading e g TheeventsofSeptember11castashadowoverthecelebrations castashadowover onsth makesth seemlessenjoyable attractive orimpressive Detailedreading5 stumble Detailedreading stumble v walkorgounsteadily e g TheroomwasdarkandStannearlyfelloverachairashestumbledtothephone Havingdrunkhalfabottleofwhiskey Istumbledupstairsandintobed Detailedreading5 ruin Detailedreading ruin v devastate reducetotheremains e g Therainabsolutelyruinedourbarbecue Ifthepressshouldfindoutaboutthis hismarriage hisreputation andhiscareerwouldallberuined Detailedreading5 hangover Detailedreading hangover Ifsth badishangingoveryou youareworriedoranxiousaboutit e g Thethreatofnuclearwarhangsovermankind Withthecourtcasehangingoverus wecouldn tenjoyourvacation Extension hangout with e g Idon treallyknowwhoshehangsoutwith Wheredotheyoungstershangout Detailedreading5 spare1 Detailedreading spare v refrainfromharming punishingorkilling e g Iwantedtosparethemthetroubleofbuyingmeapresent Thankfullyshehadbeensparedtheordealofsurgery Collocation sparesb thetrouble difficulty pain etc ofdoingsth preventsb fromhavingtoexperiencesth difficultorunpleasant e g Itwillsparehimembarrassmentifyouspeaktohimaboutitinprivate Spareusthesuspenseandtelluswhowonthefirstprize Detailedreading5 spare2 Detailedreading e g Emergencyserviceshavesparednoefforttohelppeoplewhosehomesweredestroyedbythetornadoes Noexpensewassparedindevelopingthenecessarytechnology sparenoexpense efforttodosth workashardaspossibletoachievesth Detailedreading6 notsomuch1 Detailedreading notsomuchAasB usedtosaythatonedescriptionofsb orsth islesssuitableorcorrectthananother Translation e g Thedetailsarenotsomuchwrongastheyareincomplete Heisnotsomuchafilmstarasanartist 与其说是海洋分割了这个世界 不如说是统一了这个世界 Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit Theoceansdonotdividetheworldsomuchasuniteit Detailedreading6 notsomuch2 Detailedreading 在这里所说的爱与其说是一种情感 不如说是对别人的一种行为 Loveasusedhereisnotsomuchanemotionasitisabehaviortowardothers Detailedreading6 intact Detailedreading intact a entire unimpaired e g Despitethebombing thehousewasstillintact Hedealtthedooratremendousblowbutitremainedintact Translation 地震过后 有几栋楼仍然完好无损 这部手机掉下台阶后仍然完好无损 Thecellphoneremainedintactafterbeingdroppeddownthestairs Severalbuildingswerestillintactaftertheearthquake Detailedreading7 glimpse Detailedreading glimpse n averybriefpas