常考英语语法的要点归纳.doc

常考英语语法的要点归纳一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，现在完成时，现在完成进行时，过去进行时，将来完成时）1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958.2 The manager told us that the failure is the mother of success.3、By the time we got there， the play had already begun.4. By the end of next week, the 2000 words will have been mastered(掌握) he seems to have known meit is said/reported that he was a student 3 years ago.He is said to have been a student 3 years ago5. This week it has been raining/has rained/is raining/was raining(本周雨一直在下)6、When I was a child， I knew that the earth turns about its axis.7、When Mr.Delay got home after a days exhausting work， his wife and children were sleeping/had fallen asleep/.Have/had been doing: before he joined this club, they had been working it8. I used to swim in the river many years ago. I am used to the city life now. The chalk is used to write sthHe is used/accustomed to swimming in the river these days. 二、非谓语动词题 ed/-doing/-to do1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别）2、Having finished his lecture， the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question.Judged him from his clothes, he must be poor.3. when seeing from here, I can see the whole city.4. Seen from here, the city looks beautiful.5. To see the city, I climbed the top of the hill.6、The problem being discussed/which is being discussed is very important.7. The problem discussed/which was discussed is very important.8. The problem to be discussed/which will be discussed is very important.9. Anyone wanting/who wants to pass the exam must work hard.10. I came home, tired(exhausted) and hungry/feeling/and felt tired(exhausted) and hungry.11、Given more time， we are sure to finish it.12、Will you please make yourself known/understood to everyone here/ make you do=you be made to do。I saw him singing the song at this time yesterdayHe was seen singing the song at this time yesterdayI saw him sing yesterday=he was seen to sing yesterdayIt is said that he was a student= he is said to have been a student.13I am excited（感到） at this exciting（令人）news. (disappointed/disappointing, frustrated感到沮丧的/frustrating-令人沮丧的developing/developed country/area) 14. There/It is no use/point(意义)/good crying/worrying about it 15. He has some/no trouble/difficulty doing this job.16. I am busy preparing for the job these days.17. This book is worth reading.18. We must try to solve this problem/we can try solving it in other ways.19. I forget/remember/regret to visit/visiting him. I mean to/be going to take a taxi to go home.The failure means doing it again 20. I first reads the book and then goes on to write something. I went on working on the exam when the bell rang.Stop doing/to do21. I have/get my watch repaired.Have sth done/have sth to do/have sb/sth doingI have sth important to doI am sorry to have you waiting for 2 hours.I have you go it over22. I would rather/sooner sleep than go shopping. 宁愿。而不。23Would you mind opening the door? I appreciate感激 being invited to be here. I can not but(不得不can not but do sth.)/ can only sleep at home today.I can not help（不得不can not help doing sth.） laughing it三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题(it本身是没有意思的， it还可以指时间，天气等。)make it=succeed in(在方面成功) doing sth/manage it/1、It is difficult to study English well.2、We think it important to pass the exam.3. It is the person that did this job.4. It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.When was it that he bought a new car?6. It is (high) time that we had a rest (虚拟语气)7. It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.8. It is/has been/ three years since I met him in Beijing.四、倒装句型全部倒装句1 Here comes the bus/out run the students/here you are2、Stop talking！ There comes the teacher.部分倒装句（如果选项里面有两个主谓倒装了，两个没有，我们一般要在倒装里做选择）1、So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital.2、Not only does he study well， but also he is always ready to help others.3Never did he go to school.4. No sooner/hardly had he gone to bed than/when he fell/ asleep.5. Mary was late, so was Jack(Jack 也迟到了)/so she was.(她却是迟到了)Mary was not late, neither was Jack.6. Only in this way（这样）can we be successful.五、从句中选择关系词题（三看：一看先行词， 二看关系词在从句里什么成份，三看选项）1、It was in so friendly a way that he talked with(与交谈) us.2、He is the tallest/only man that I have seen (that 既可以指人也可以指物)3. The sun heats the earth，which is very important to living things.He is a famous teacher, which is well known.（用which是指这件事是众所周知的）As is well known, he is a famous teacher.4. This is the place in which/where I was born 5. this is the place/region(地区) where I was bornthis is the place _that/which_I visited last year.I met him in the street yesterday by accident.（偶然）I met a girl_whose_name is Mary.I met a girl _who/that_-is Jacks motherIt is I that was late/broke the glass.She is the girl_whom/that_I met in the street.6. This is where he agrees.7 This is the place which/that I visited last year.8 Oct.15， 2005 is a day when we will take our English examination.9. this is the reason why I was late/refused you.10. this is what has happened.This is what I saidThis is all that has happened.11、We want to buy the same book as you are reading.12. I hate such students as Mary.12. He is so foolish that we dislike him He is so big a fool that we dislike him He is such a big fool that we dislike him13. 时间状语从句: 在英语中，时间状语从句的连接词常常有：when（当.的时候），whenever（每当.）whatever/whoever/wherever/whichever/however，as（当.时）， since（自从.），it issince, notuntil（直到.，才.），till（直到.），before（在.前）, after（在.后），as soon as（一.就），once（一旦.），the moment（一.就），immediately（一.就），the day（在.那天），no sooner had I gone to bed than I fell asleep（一.就），hardly(scarcely). when（一.就），the instant(for instance/example)（一.就），instantly（一.就），directly（一.就），the minute（一.就），every time/when（每当.），by the time next week, I will have mastered 2000 words（等到.的时候）14. 原因状语从句. 英语中，原因状语从句的连接词常常是：because（因为），since （既然，由于），as（因为），now that（既然），seeing that（既然），considering that（考虑到，因为），in that=because（在某方面），in view of the fact that（鉴于） 15. 条件状语从句/ 英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有：if（如果），unless（除非，如果不ifnot），providing/ed that（假如），so/as long as（只要）/ as/ so far as（根据） I know，on condition that（条件是），suppose that（假如），in case/in case of（如果），only if（只要），if only=how I wish（但愿，要是.就好了）等。16. 让步状语从句. 英语中，表示让步关系的连接词常常有：though（虽然），although（虽然），even if=even though（即使），as（尽管）-old as/though he is, he works very hard，while（尽管），whatever（无论什么），wherever（无论哪里），whoever（无论谁），however（无论怎样），no matter how/which/what（不论，不管），17. 目的状语从句. 在英语中，连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有：so that（为了，以便），lest（以防），in case（以防，以免）/in case of=in the event of，for fear that（以防）in order that（为了）等等六、虚拟语气（我们要记住与现在，过去，将来相反的三种情况，特别是与过去相反的情况最常考，再有就是wish/ as if 后面所接的三种情况，还有一个常考点在suggest，demand，require，order等表示建议，要求，命令的词后面加从句时，从句里谓语要用（should）+动词原形，如果是被动则用（should +be +动词过去分词）1、I would have done it better/I would be more successful now/today if I had had more time.2、I wish you would go with us tomorrow/ you had gone to school yesterday/he were/ me .3、I suggest/it is important/natural/possible/necessary that we （should ）adopt a different policy/he be here/it not be finished.4. Had it not been for your help， we would never have been able to get over the difficulties.5. It is high time (that) we had a restIt is the first time that we have been here. It was the first time that we had been here.（？）6. I would rather (that) you did it7. I would rather/sooner sleep at home than go shopping8. I prefer to sleep at home rather than go shopping七、情态动词题（除了掌握常见情态动词基本用法外，常考点在三种表推测的情况，分别为must表对现在事情的肯定推测 ，cant表对现在事实的否定推测， must have +v-ed表示对过去事实的肯定推测，而则表示过去应该做某事而没有做）1、The ground is so wet， it must have rained(过去肯定) last night.2. the light is on, he must be（现在肯定） at home. He must not（禁止） smoke here.3. the light is not on, he can not（否定的肯定） be at home4. he might/may/ could/can/should/must be at home.5 Must he go now? -yes, he must./No, he need not.6. Need he go now？ Yes, he must./No, he need not.7. I should have called you last week， but I was too busy then.（本来应该）8. he need not have come here yesterday.（本来没必要）9. we would have come here last year(本来会)10. you had better go to work, or =otherwise we will be hungry.11. the baby needs looking after/to be looked after.He need have a break. /he needs to have a break12. we used to swim in the river, but today this river is dirty. 13. These days I am used/accustomed to swimming in the swimming pool.八、几组形容词及副词区别题（注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达； likely/possible/probable； worth/worthy； too much/much too； already/yet等）1、His books/money are/is three times as many/much as my books/money.2、The Nile river is the longest river in the world.Of my friends/the books I read, he is the tallest/this is the most interesting .3、It is much too hot tonight./ we will drink too much water in summer.4、The harder he worked， the happier he felt.九、主谓一致题1. 就近原则; eitheror/ or/ , not onlybut also, neithernor, there be Either you or I am a studentBoth you and I are from USA.There are ten students and a teacher here./ there is a teacher and ten students here.2. 就前原则：with, along with, as well as=in addition to(还有), together with, rather thanThe boss, rather than his employees, is to blame(受到责备).The teacher, as well as/with the students likes this story3集体名词作主语。Family, team, government, crew(全体人员, (工作)队) classThe family is very happy./ His family are having dinner when I visit TomThe women football team fails again.The women football team are having bathThe class_are_taking notesThe class is bigger than that one4. the/his secretary and manger is Mr. Wang./ the /his secretary and the/his manager are Miss. Li and Mr. Wang.5. One and a half years has passed.6. Many students are from USA. /Many a/More than one student is from USA.7. One of the students is from USA He is one of the students who are from USA.He is the only one of the students who is from USA8. His selected poems （诗选）was first published in 1992.New York times/Egg and rice is my favorite.Bread and butter is my favorite十、常用介词区别题（如on，