Unit14主谓一致.doc

Unit 14 主谓一致【规律揭秘】主谓一致在新课标卷中考查较少，前几年没考过，近两年的高考中仅考查了三个小题，在试卷中占比例很小。2010年湖南卷考查动名词作主语时谓语动词的形式；2009年山东卷考查the number of作主语以及2009年江苏卷考查the population作主语时谓语动词的形式，考点直观明确，难度较低。近两年新课标卷对主谓一致的考查主要集中在动名词作主语和特殊名词作主语的用法上，而且把主谓一致和时态结合起来考查，考查该语法的基础知识和基本用法。通过近两年新课标对主谓一致的考查，我们可以预测该语法项目将会成为今后高考的热点，而且将重点考查并列结构作主语的几种情况以及某些特殊名词作主语的情况，同时还会涉及到不定代词、数词、动名词、不定式、从句作主语的情况以及某些特殊短语作主语的用法。【经典解析】1. (2010湖南) Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 2. (2009山东) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been Ks5u3. (2009江苏) The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is nowapproaching 74 million. ks5uA. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing ks5u答案及解析：1. C 动名词短语作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项；根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项2. C 主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。3. A population是集合名词，看成一个整体，所以谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意可知江苏现在的人口数量已经增长到了1949年的两倍，因此用现在完成时。 【复习攻略】并列结构作主语1. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。但如果是指同一人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式，此时，第二个名词前没有冠词。The poet and the writer have come to our school. 那位诗人和那位作家已经来到我们学校了。The poet and writer has come to our school. 那位诗人兼作家已经来到我们学校了。A knife and fork is on the plate. 一副刀叉在盘子上。2. 由and连接两个被each，every，no，many a修饰的单数主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Each/ Every boy and each/ every girl has seen the film. .每个男孩和女孩都看了这部电影。No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。3. 由not onlybut (also),either or, neithernor, or连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与就近的名词或代词保持一致。Not only the father, but (also) the children were there. 不但父亲在那里，孩子们也在那里。Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责。4. 由as well as, along with, together with, rather than, no less than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与其前面的名词或代词保持一致。 The boy, as well as his playmates, is responsible for the mischief. 这个男孩和他的伙伴一样应该对这次恶作剧负责。Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday. 每个星期六，汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. 除了吉姆和迈克没有人在操场上。某些特殊名词作主语1. people (人民)，police, folk(s),cattle, youth等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Many people are present. 许多人都在场。The cattle are well fed. 这些牲口喂养得很好。The police are after the thieves. 警察在追踪窃贼。2. family, class, team, crew, committee,audience,population等作主语时，如果指整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指个体成员，谓语动词用复数。My family is a happy one. 我的家庭很幸福。My family like sports. 我的家人喜欢运动。The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上的人口数增长很快。One third of the population in this country enjoy drinking coffee. 该国三分之一的人喜欢喝咖啡。3. sheep, fish, deer, means(方法),works(工厂,著作), 作主语时，如果是单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如果是复数意义，谓语动词用复数。Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一种方法都试过了却没有什么结果。All means have been tried out without much result. 所有的方法都试过了却没有什么结果。4. trousers, pants, shoes, glasses, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注：这类词有a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。My blue trousers have worn out. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。This pair of scissors is made in Hangzhou. 这把剪刀是杭州制造的。5. 学科名词physics, maths/ mathematics,politics,ecnomics等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Physics is my favorite subject. 物理是我最喜欢的学科。6. 表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的复数名词，以及书刊名、人名、地名、组织等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两小时对我来说完成这项工作就做够了。Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help. 两百美元帮了杰克的大忙。The New York Times has a wide circulation. 纽约时报的销路很广The United Nations has passed a resolution. 联合国通过了一项决议。不定代词作主语1. 由every-, any-,some-,no-, 和-one,-thing, -body等所构成的不定代词以及each, either, neither, one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Is everybody here today?今天每个人都在这儿吗？Each takes a cup of coffee. 每人喝一杯咖啡。Either of them is correct. 这两者哪一个都对。2. some, all, more, most可以指复数名词和不可数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词要和它们指的名词的数一致。Most of his time is wasted over it. 他的大多数时间都浪费在这上面了。Most of us are members of the committee. 我们大多数人是委员会的成员。All is well. 一切都好。 All are present. 所有人都在场。3. both作主语时，谓语动词用复数；none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数都可。Both (of the answers) are correct. 两个（答案）都正确。None (of them) has / have come. 他们都没来。分数或百分数作主语分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词要和所修饰的名词的数一致。Sixty percent of the students are girls in our class. 我们班60%的学生是女生。Two-thirds of the work has been done. 三分之二的工作已经完成了。某些短语作主语1. the rest, the remainder作主语时，如果指的是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果指的是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。Three of us will go; the rest are to stay here. 我们中的三个人去，其余的人留在这里。After the big fire, the remainder is nothing. 大火之后什么也没剩下。2. the number of (的数量)作主语谓语动词用单数；a number of (许多)谓语动词用复数。The number of students in this university amounts to 5,000. 这所大学的学生人数已达5,000。A number of students were absent from the class yesterday. 昨天有许多学生缺席。3. a quantity of谓语动词用单数；quantities of谓语动词用复数。A large quantity of books/ food is needed here. Large quantities of books/ food are needed here. 这儿需要大量的书。4. more than one/ many a +单数名词，谓语动词用单数。Many a passenger was killed in the accident. 许多乘客在这次事故中丧生。More than one comrade has asked to stay. 不止一位同志已经要求留下。5.“the +形容词/分词”表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数。The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。The wounded are taken good care of here. 在这里，伤员们得到悉心照料。动名词，不定式，从句作主语1. 单个动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。注：what从句作主语时，如果表语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数；如果表语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数。Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。When and where to build the new factory is not decided. 何时何地建新厂还没有定下来。Why she did this is not known. 她为何做这件事还不清楚。What the boy wants is a toy car.What the boy wants are toy cars.这个男孩想要玩具汽车。2. 两个以上的动名词、不定式、从句并列作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。注：如果并列的动名词、不定式指一个整体概念时，谓语动词则用单数。Swimming in summer and skating in winter are my greatest pleasure. 我最的乐趣是：夏天游泳，冬天滑冰。What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us. 造成事故的原因以及谁应对事故负责，对我们来说还是个谜。Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。定语从句中的主谓一致1. 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词一致。She is the nurse who looks after the children. 她就是照料这些孩子的阿姨。She has two brothers, who are both doctors. 她有两个兄弟，他们都是医生。2. “one of+复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。“the (only/ very) one of +复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。He is one of the students who are good at maths. 他是那些擅长数学的学生中的一位。He is the only one of the students who is good at maths. 他是那些学生中唯一的一位擅长数学的学生。【单元训练】（一）1. It is common sense that only if the green light comes on _ to pass the crossing. A. are the traffic allowed B. the traffic are allowed C. the traffic is allowed D. is the traffic allowed2. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess ten years ago. _ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; Are B. was; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is3. My family _not large, but my family _ all music lovers.A. is are B. areis C. isis D. areare 4. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased this term, and a number of the teachers _from the countryside.A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; is5. She as well as the other students _ how to type. A. have learned B. has learned C. learn D. are learning6. More than one student _ been sent to Japan since 2000. A. had B. is C. have D. has7. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging8. He is one of the boys who _ here on time while Jim is the only one of the boys who _ here late.A. has come; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come9. The professor and writer _coming to make a report next week.A. is B. are C. was D. were10.The police_ determined to bring back the missing girl in Sichuan earthquake, when her family _almost given up all hopes. A. is; have B. are; have C. is; has D. are; has 11. Hi, what did our monitor say just now?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. A. is B. were C. are D. was 12. Each of us _ a dictionary of this kind.We each _ a dictionary of this kind.A. has; have B. have; have C. has; has D. have; has 13. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is; are B. are ; are C. are; is D. is; is14. The young _ happy to give their seats to the old. A. is B. are C. has D. have15. Over sixty percent of the city _ destroyed in the war.Thirty-five percent of the doctors _ women.A. was; was B. was; were C. were; were D. were; was【单元训练】（二）16. The shoes _ mine while this pair of shoes _ my brothers.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are17. Large quantities of cotton _ shipped all over the world already. A large quantity of bamboo _ used for pipes to carry water.A. has been; are B. has been; is C. have been; is D. have been; are 18. Setting fire to the public buildings _ highly dangerous and forbidden by law.A. are B. is C. has D. were19. The only means to achieve success _ to appeal to arms.A. is B. are C. were D. have20. Whisky and soda _ always his favorite drink. A. are B. is C. be D. were 21. Although the first part of the book is easy，the rest _.A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult22. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were23. No one except my parents _anything about it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known24. His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1965.A. were B. was C. has been D. are25. Apples of this kind _ and _.A. tastes good; sells good B. tastes well; sells well C. taste good; sell well D. taste well; sell good26. The United States of America _one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were27. Have you found anything interesting？None of the information _ particularly useful to me. A. is B. are C. have D. has 28. The angry crowd, _ young and old, _moving towards the CNN headquarters, protesting the hosts prejudice remarks. against China. A. included; were B. including; were C. included; was C. including; was 29. I have already told you that the fourth and last part of the article _ the most difficult to understand. A. is B. was C. are D. were 30. Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _ to blame. A. is B. that is C. are D. who are答案及解析：【单元训练】（一）1. D 考查倒装句和主谓一致。only if放在主语从句的句首，应采用倒装语序。traffic是不可数名词，谓语通常用单数形式，因此答案应为D项。2. B 考查就近原则。由eitheror, neithernor, not only but (also), notbut连接两个作主语用的名词或代词时，谓语动词采取就近一致的原则。3. A. 考查意义一致原则。集体名词family, team, class, army, enemy, group 等作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如强调一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。4. B. 考查语法一致原则。The number of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。5. B. 考查语法一致原则。名词/代词 + as well as, with, together with, but, except, rather than等+ 名词，谓语动词和前面的第一个名词一致。 6. D 考查语法一致原则。more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 many +复数名词作主语，谓语用复数; many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。7. B 考查倒装句的谓语动词。该句中句子的主语是two large portraits，由于表示方位的介词短语放在了句首，故采用完全倒装的形式。8. B 考查定语从句谓语。定语从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致。one of + 复数名词 who + 复数谓语；the (only) one +单数名词 who + 单数谓语。9. A 考查意义一致原则。两个或两个以上的并列主语由and 连接时，如果表示不同概念谓语动词用复数；如果表示同一概念谓语动词用单数。10. B 考查意义一致原则。people, police, cattle等作主语时谓语动词一般用复数。集合名词如family, team, public, club, crew, audience等，如果指的是整体单位，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。11.A 考查主谓一致。every + n and every +n ; each + n and each +n ; no + n and no +n 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；由此可以排除B、C两项；根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知，A项正确。12. A 考查意义一致原则。each of + 复数代词作主语，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each作主语，谓语动词用复数。13. C 考查意义一致原则。all作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般看作单数。14. B 考查意义一致原则。“the+ 形容词/-ed分词”，表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示一类事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The good in him outweighs the bad.15. B考查意义一致原则。分数（百分数）/ all / some / none / half / most+ of + n 做主语，谓语动词根据of后的名词来确定。【单元训练】（二）16. A考查意义一致原则。英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如shoes, scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。例如：如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.17. C考查语法一致原则。A large quantity of + 可数名词复数形式/ 不可数