实验七 ds区金属（铜、银、锌、镉汞）.doc

实验七 ds区金属（铜、银、锌、镉、汞）一. 目的要求了解铜锌铬汞氧化物氢氧化物的酸碱性。硫化物的溶解性了解Cu()Cu()重要化合物的性质及相互转化条件。试验并熟悉铜银锌铬汞的配位能力及Hg()和Hg()的转化二. 实验原理三. 操作步骤操作步骤现象结论、解释及方程式一、铜、锌、镉氢氧化物的生成和性质1铜、锌、镉氢氧化物的生成和性质0.5ml0.2 molL-1CuSO4+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+NaOH溶液0.5ml0.2 molL-1CuSO4+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+2molL-1H2SO4蓝沉淀溶解蓝沉淀溶解Cu2+2OH-=Cu(OH)2Cu(OH)2+2OH-=Cu(OH)42-Cu(OH)2+2H+=Cu2+2H2O0.5ml0.2 molL-1ZnSO4+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+NaOH溶液0.5ml0.2 molL-1ZnSO4+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+2molL-1H2SO4白沉淀溶解白沉淀溶解Zn2+2OH-=Zn(OH)2Zn(OH)2+2OH-=Zn(OH)42-Zn(OH)2+2H+=Zn2+2H2O0.5ml0.2 molL-1CdSO4+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+NaOH溶液0.5ml0.2 molL-1CdSO4+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+2molL-1H2SO4白沉淀不溶解白沉淀溶解Cd2+2OH-=Cd(OH)2Cd(OH)2+2H+=Cd2+2H2O2 银、汞氧化物的生成和性质0.5nl0.1 molL-1AgNO3+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+2 molL-1HNO30.5nl0.1 molL-1AgNO3+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+2 molL-1 NH3H2O棕沉淀溶解棕沉淀溶解Ag+ +2OH- Ag2O +H2OAg2O+ 2HNO3 2AgNO3 + H2OAg2O + 4NH3+H2O 2Ag(NH3)2+2OH-2d0.2 molL-1Hg(NO3)2+2 molL-1NaOH沉淀+2 molL-1HNO3沉淀+40NaOH黄沉淀溶解沉淀不溶解Hg2+2OH-=HgO+H2OHgO+2HNO3=Hg(NO3)2+H2O二、锌、镉、汞硫化物的生成和性质5d0.2molL-1ZnSO4+1d1molL-1Na2S沉淀+2molL-1HCl沉淀+浓HCl沉淀+王水白沉淀溶解沉淀溶解沉淀溶解Zn2+S2-=ZnSZnS+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2SZnS+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2S3ZnS+6HCl+2HNO3=3ZnCl2+2NO+3S+4H2O2d0.2molL-1CdSO4+1d1molL-1Na2S沉淀+2molL-1HCl沉淀+浓HCl沉淀+王水黄沉淀不溶解沉淀溶解沉淀溶解Cd2+S2-=CdSCd+2HCl（浓）=CdCl2+H2S3CdS+6HCl+2HNO3=3CdCl2+2NO+3S+4H2O1d0.2molL-1Hg(NO3)2+1d1molL-1Na2S沉淀+2molL-1HCl沉淀+浓HCl沉淀+王水黑沉淀不溶解沉淀不溶解沉淀溶解Hg2+S2-=HgSHgS+12HCl+2HNO3=3H2HgCl4+ 2NO+3S+4H2O三、铜、银、锌、汞的配合物1.氨合物的生成0.5ml0.2molL-1CuSO4+2molL-1NH3H2O沉淀+2molL-1NH3H2O蓝沉淀溶解2Cu2+SO+2 NH3H2O = Cu2(OH)2SO4+ 2NH Cu2(OH)2SO4+6NH3+2 NH= 2Cu(NH3)42-+ SO+2H2O 0.5ml0.2molL-1AgNO3+2molL-1NH3H2O沉淀+2molL-1NH3H2O棕沉淀迅速溶解2Ag+ +2NH3+ H2O = Ag2O+2 NHAg2O + 4NH3+H2O 2Ag(NH3)2+2OH-0.5ml0.2molL-1 ZnSO4+2molL-1NH3H2O沉淀+2molL-1NH3H2O白沉淀溶解Zn2+2 NH3H2O=Zn(OH)2+2 NHZn(OH)2+2 NH+2NH3=Zn(NH3)42+2H2O1d0.2molL-1 Hg(NO3)2+2molL-1NH3H2O沉淀+2molL-1NH3H2O白沉淀溶解Hg2+2 NH3+NO= Hg(NH2)NO3+ NHHg(NH2)NO3+2 NH3+ NH= Hg(NH3)42+ NO2.汞配合物的生成和应用1d0.2 molL-1Hg(NO3)2+0.2 molL-1KI沉淀+KI(s)溶液+3d40%KOH+ NH3H2O橙红沉淀溶解棕黄Hg2+ + 2I- HgI2HgI2+2I- = HgI42-NH+2K2HgI4+4KOH=Hg2NIH2O+7KI+K+3H2O1d0.2 molL-1Hg(NO3)2+0.1 molL-1KSCN沉淀+0.1 molL-1KSCN溶液+5d0.2molL-1ZnSO4白沉淀溶解白Hg2+ + 2SCN-=Hg(SCN)2Hg(SCN)2+2SCN-=Hg(SCN)42-Hg(SCN)42-+Zn2+=Zn Hg(SCN)4四、铜、银、汞的氧化还原性1.氧化亚铜的生成和性质5d0.2 molL-1CuSO4+6 molL-1 NaOH至沉淀溶解 溶液+0.5ml葡萄糖，水浴，加热沉淀+0.5ml2molL-1H2SO4，加热至沸沉淀+0.5ml浓NH3H2O浅蓝深蓝溶液黄暗红暗红黑暗红无色溶液蓝色溶液Cu2+2OH-=Cu(OH)2Cu(OH)2+2OH-=Cu(OH)42-Cu(OH)42-+CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO=Cu2O+4OH-+CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2H2OCu2O +H2SO4H2O+Cu2SO4Cu2SO4 Cu +CuSO42Cu +2H2SO4 +O22 H2O+2CuSO4Cu2O +4 NH3.H2O=2Cu(NH3)2+ +3H2O+2OH-2 Cu(NH3)2+ +1/2O2 +4 NH3H2O=2Cu(NH3)42+ +3H2O+2OH-2.氯化亚铜的生成和性质5ml0.5molL-1CuCl2+1.5ml浓HCl+少量铜屑，加热至沸腾出现棕色溶液+50m水沉淀+2ml浓NH3H2O沉淀+2ml浓HCl棕色溶液白白无色溶液蓝色溶液白棕色溶液CuCl2+Cu+4HCl 2CuCl2-+4H+CuCl2- +H2O=CuCl+ Cl-CuCl +2 NH3H2O (浓)= Cu(NH3)2+ +Cl- +2 H2O2Cu(NH3)2+ +1/2O2 +4 NH3.H2O=2Cu(NH3)42+ +3H2O+2OH-CuCl + HCl(浓)= HCuCl 23.碘化亚铜的生成和性质0.5ml0.2 molL-1CuSO4+2 molL-1KI+适量0.5 molL-1Na2S2O3白+棕黄溶液白，溶液棕黄色褪去Cu2+4I-=2CuI+I22Na2S2O3 +I2= Na2S4O6 +2NaI4.汞()与()的