高中英语从句类型.doc

从句的分类六大从句类型主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句从句名词性从句形容词词性从句 定语从句副词词性从句状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句方式状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句六大从句的概念主语从句用作主语.That the earth is round is true. 宾语从句用作宾语。Do you know where he lives? 表语从句用作表语.My opinion is that you should not go alone. 同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词,与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句。其关联词多为that。The fact that the earth is round is true.（that从句用于解释说明the fact） 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名（代）词之后，这种名（代）词就叫作先行词（Antecedent）。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。 The student who answered the question was John.状语从句相当于一个副词，修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间, 地点, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较.等 When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。（1）, who, whom, that这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。（2），Which 用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）（3），whose“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）2、关系代词引导的定语从句（1），关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。（2），关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，修饰前面整个句子。2、 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略） whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever3、连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however三、状语从句 状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。状语从句细分的话，共包括九种： 1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句从句划分技巧主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。定语从句VS同位语从句定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的实质内容，在定规从句中“that”往往充当某一成分且作宾语时可以省略。同位语从句是对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词语的具体、实际内容。“that”在同位语从句中不充当任何成分且不可以省略。从句划分练习1. It is quite clear that the crime was down deliberately.2. She suggested that he do it at once.3. That the earth is round is true4. The problem is not who will go but who will stay.5. The student who answered the question was John6. Have you any idea how soon theyre coming.7. My original question, why he did it at all ,has not been answered.8. When it rains， I usually go to school by bus9. What you need is more practice.10. It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.11. I think it best that you should stay here.12. The question is whether it is worth doing. 14. We must find out who did all these.15. Jack is no more frightened than Mike is.16. We expressed the hope that he would come to China again.17. The fact that the earth is round is true 18. There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.19. Do you know where he lives?20. This is the reason why he refused to help us.21. Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.22. He is so humorous that well never forget him.23. My opinion is that you should not go alone24. I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.25. Ill take whoever wants to g