八年级上册英语知识点new.doc

Unit 1 How often do you exercise? 本单元主要谈论课余活动的内容及其发生的频率一、短语及句型1. go to the movies = go to the cinema = see a film 看电影 2. look after = take care of = babysit 照顾 3. surf the Internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skateboarding 去划板 6. (be) in good health =（be）healthy 身体健康 7. keep / stay healthy = keep / stay in good health 保持健康 8. as for 至于9. take / do exercise = play / do sports 锻炼,做运动 10. eating habits 饮食习惯 11. be the same as 与相同 12. once a month 一月一次 13. be different from 不同 14. twice a week 一周两次 15. make a difference to 对什么有影响 16. how often 多久一次 17. hardly ever 几乎不18. most of the students = most students 大多数学生 19. activity survey 活动调查 20. go shopping = do some shopping 购物 21. do homework 做家庭作业 22. do housework 做家务事 23. junk food 垃圾食物 24. be good/bad for 对有益(害) 25. on / at weekends 在周末 26. want to do sth. = would like to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 27. want sb. to do sth.= would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 28. try to do sth 尽量做某事 try doing sth.试着做某 try ones best to do sth. 尽力做某事 29. come home from school 放学回家 30. of course = certainly = sure 当然 31. get good grades 取得好成绩 32. help sb. ( to ）do sth. 帮助某人做某事 33. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 34. a lot of = lots of = many + 可数名词。 许多，大量的 35. a lot of = lots of = much + 不可数名词 。 许多，大量的 36. the results of 的结果 37. a health lifestyle 健康的生活方式 38. two or three times a week 一周两三次 39. a healthy habit 一个健康的习惯 40. kind of unhealthy 有点不健康 41.as for至于，对于，关于二、句子1. How often do you exercise?你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？exercise作动词时，运动，锻炼；作可数名词时，习题，练习：do some exercises做一些练习；做不可数名词时，运动，锻炼 do more/some exercise 多锻炼/做些运动=take some exercise 此外，exercise 还有“早操”的意思，可数名词，do morning exercises.How often +助动词do(does或did) +主语+ do sth.?疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词（一般用在实义动词前系动词后），如：always , usually, sometimes, hardly ever, never, 或表示频率的短语every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month/year等。注意：用频率副词或短语进行直接的回答时，第一个单词的首字母要大些。 morning afternoonSb. do /does sth. every evening . day once week twice a month three times year four times .某人多久做一次某件事。注意：动词单三的情况2. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for至于，对于，关于。后接名词，代词，动名词3. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。want sth.想要某物4. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）be good at =do well in 擅长 be good to . 对好=be friendly to=be kind to 如：Its good for us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你5. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。6. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事7. Good food and exercise help me to study better.这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级8. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as / be different from 如：A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .9keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy10You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级11 That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。12. Here are the results of the students activity survey a. Green High School.此为 here 引导的倒装句，句子的真正主语不是here ，而是the results, 在由here 引导的倒装句中系动词be 的形式取觉于其后的名词形式，可数单数用is，可数复数用are; 不可数用is. Eg. Here is your money.13. How many hours does she sleep every night? She sleeps for nine hours every night.三、词语辨析1、maybe / may beThe baby is crying, she is hungry. The woman a teacher .maybe是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.2、a few / few / a little / littlepeople can live to 100,but people can live to 150. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus. Could you give me milk?a few (少数的，几个，一些)a little (一点儿，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的)little (很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词3、 none / no one如： of the pens are mine . is in the classroom.none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4、hard / hardly The job is too. I can understand them. Its raining,the people cango outside.hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。Unit 2 Whats the matter?一、短语和句子A.1. Have a cold感冒2. have a sore back背痛3.have a fever 发烧 4. have a cold 感冒5. have a sore throat 喉咙痛，嗓子疼6.have a earache 耳朵疼7.have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼8. have a toothache 牙疼9. have a broken leg腿疼，腿受伤了B.1. lie down and rest躺下休息2.have a rest 休息一下 3. get some rest 多休息4. I have a stomachache我胃痛= I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach5. Whats the matter?怎么了？= Whats the trouble (with you)? = Whats your trouble?= Whats wrong (with you)?= What the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = whats up?6. sore throat咽喉痛7. neck and neck并驾齐驱，齐头并进8. see a dentist看牙医9. drink lots of water多喝水10. hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶11.Thats a good idea好主意12.Thats too bad太糟糕了13.I think so我认为如此14. Im not feeling well.我觉得不太舒服= Im not feeling fine/all right. = Im feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.= I dont feel well.15.for example 例如，举例16. I have no idea = I dont know我不知道17. stressed out筋疲力尽18. I am tired我累了He is tired.他累了19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛23. to eat a balanced diet饮食平衡24. healthy food健康食品25. stay healthy保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit(健康的)26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself)玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun27. enjoy sth. =like sth.喜欢某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like doing sth28. practice doing sth.练习做某事29.mind doing sth.介意做某事30. finish doing sth.完成某事31.give up doing sth.放弃做某事 32.cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事33.keep doing sth.坚持做某事.（keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth.）34.be busy doing sth.忙着做某事=be busy with sth.35. be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事36.make a contribution to doing sth.为.做贡献37.go on doing sth.继续做某事38.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事39.remember doing sth.记得做40.spend.(in) doing sth.花（时间）来做某事41.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做.）来更愿意（做.）42. at the moment = now此刻43. Host family东道家庭44. Conversation practice会话练习45. Im sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过46.be angry with sb对某人生气二、句型：本单元主要是询问身体状况，并给提出相应的建议1. Whats the matter?怎么了？= Whats the trouble (with sb)? = Whats the/sb trouble?= Whats wrong (with sb)?= What the matter (with sb)? =What has happened to sb?= Is there anything wrong (with sb)? = whats up?I (sb.) have / has. Sbs hurt(s). eg. -Whats the matter (with you)?-My leg hurts.2. Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet. Its +adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事怎么样。3. I hope (that )you feel better soon.= I hope you to feel better soon.我希望你很快就会好起来。4. Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.动名词作主语，如果做得是一件事，谓语动词或者系动词用单数；如果做得是多件事情，谓语动词或者系动词用复数。Eg. Dancing and singing make us relaxed and happy.Unit 3 What are you doing for（表目的） vacation?一、短语及句型1. babysit ones sister照顾妹妹2. visit ones grandmother看望奶奶3. spend time with friends和朋友们一起度过时光4. visit cousins看望表弟等5. go to sports camp去运动野营6. go to the beach去海滩7. go camping去野营8. Go shopping去买东西9. go swimming去游泳10. go boating去划船11. go skating去溜冰12. go walking去散步13. go climbing去登山14. go dancing去跳舞15. go hiking去徒步远足16. go sightseeing去观光go bike riding骑自行车旅行，go fishing去钓鱼17. go house-hunting去找房子18. o on a hike徒步旅行19. do some shopping买东西20. do some washing洗衣服21. do some cooking做饭22. do some reading读书23. do some speaking训练口语24. That sounds nice!那好极了!25. at home在家26. how about=what about 怎么样？(后接动词ing形式)27. how long多长时间（也可以询问长度）28. how far多远（询问距离）29. how often多长时间一次（询问频率）30. how much, how many多少31. have a good time=have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快（enjoy 后接动词的ing 形式）32. show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.给某人寄送某物。give me the book=give the book to me给我书，pass me the cup=pass the cup to me把杯子递给我，sell me the house=sell the house to me把房子卖给我buy me a book =buy a book for me给我买书，make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕33. get back=come back回来34. rent videos租借影碟35. take walks=go for a walk散步talk a walk=have a walk36. think about考虑think of 认为,对有看法，think over 仔细考虑think out 想出37. decide on= decide upon（ving）决定一个计划，就什么做出决定=decide to do sth.38. something different不同的事情39a great vacation一个愉快的假期40. I cant wait我等不及了41. the famous movie star著名的影星42. be famous for（接原因） 因为而出名/闻名/有名，be famous as（一般接身份和职业）.作为而出名/闻名43. Ask her about her plans向她询问她的计划ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事ask sb to do sth.要求某人做某事44. forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事45.go away（for too long）=be / get away = leave 离开 46.plan to do sth.(plan v.) 计划做某事，make a plan for 为制定一个计划47. an exciting vacation激动人心的假期 48.relax at home 在家放松49.leave some place 离开某地，leave some place for some place 离开某地到某地， leave for some place 离开到某地（for后地点表示的是目的地，终点）50.take a (long) vacation（美式）=take /have a long holiday（英式） 度长假二、句型：用进行时表将来，必须是 be(am, is ,are) + doing1. What +be+ sb + doing ?2. Where +be+ sb + (going)?3. When +be + sb+ (going/getting to)?4. Who + be + sb.+ (going )with?5. How long + be + sb + (staying)?6. How be + sb + (going/getting to).?7. sb. be(am, is, are) doing sth(表示将来时的时间状语，如this week, this morning.next weektomorrow, the day after tomorrow 后天.)句子 1Who are you going with? Im going with my parents.你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。2What are you doing there? Im going hiking in the mountains.你在那里要做什么？我要在山区里远足。3Show me your photos when we get back to school.我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。4. Please dont forget to close the door when you leave.你离开时，请别忘记关门。5She couldnt wait to get home to see he parents. 她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。6.whats it like? 那儿怎么样？ What+be+主语+like? .怎么样/如何？主语可以是人也可是物；是人时，既可以提问人地内在性格也可以用来询问人的长相外表。7. It takes sb. some time to do sth(通常用于花费时间上).=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.=sth. costs sb. money（主语只能是物，通常用于花费金钱上）=sb. pay some money for sth.（主语只能是人）花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事。Eg. She spent all her time playing the violin.=She spent all her time on the violin. I pay 100 yuan for the skirt. The skirt costs me 100 yuan. I spend 100 yuan on the skirt. 8. This time I want to do something different. Something 是不定代词与其类似的还有：anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything, everyone与形容词相遇时，形容词放其后。Unit 4 How do you get to school?一、短语及句型1. get to school到校2. get home到家3. how about=what about .怎么样？4. take the subway乘地铁5. ride a bike骑自行车6. take the bus乘公共汽车7. take the train乘火车8. take a taxi乘坐出租车9. go in a parents car坐父母的车10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train (乘坐车，放在句尾)11. have a quick breakfast迅速吃早饭=have breakfast quickly12. the early bus早班车13. how far多远14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.=sth. costs sb. some time/money=sb. pay some money for sth.花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事16. bus stop公共汽车站，train station火车站，subway station地铁站，bus station客运站17. want to do sth.想做某事18. walk to school步行上学19. in North America在北美20. in other parts of the world在世界的其他地区21. depend on=depend upon依靠，靠决定22. not all不是所有的23. need sth. 需要某物，need to do sth.需要做某事24. number of students学生数25. a number of=many许多number前可用large, great, small修饰a small number of 少量的 a large number of 大量的其谓语是复数26. the number of.的数量，谓语是单数27. dont worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心), be worried about .28. around the world= all over the world世界各地，全世界 29. shower (v.)= take /have a shower(n.)洗澡，沐浴 30.about=around 大约，大概，左右30. from. to 从哪到哪31. early 早的，提前的（地）；late 迟到的，晚的， be late for 迟到32.a lot more fun 大量的乐趣 ，have fun (in) doing sth 乐于做某事，做某事很有乐趣。33. the most popular ways/ means of .最普遍/最受欢迎的方式.， the way of doing sth. 做的方式二、句子 本单元主要询问交通方式及描述某人到某地的方式A. 1. How do /does sb. get/ go to some place (某地)？ 备注：home 前不接to on + in +2.1. Sb. get(s)/go(s) to some place on foot+ 交通方式. (介词短语表达) by+2.2 walk(s)Sb. take(s).(the subway/train/bus/car/taxi) + to (get/go to) some place 。划线和括号内容可省 ride(s) (a/the/ones +bike / horse) drive(s)(a/the/ones+taxi/car)- 17 -3. How long does it take?It takes sb. some time to do sth.Eg. It takes him 20 minutes to (get to )school.It takes about 25minutes to walk.It takes me about 10 minutes on foot.It takes me 30 minutes to finish the job. 4. How far is it from A to B?Eg. How far is it from school to home? About 10 kilometers. How far does Mary live from school? About 50 meters. How far do you live from the library? About 20minutes walk.B.1. How do you get to school? I walk to school.你是怎样到校的？我步行。2. How about the white shirt?这件白衬衫怎么样？3. I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.我通常步行，但有时坐公共汽车。4. How long does it take you to get to school? It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus.你需要多长时间到校？步行大约10分钟，乘汽车15分钟。5. Lin Feis home is about 10 kilometers from school.林飞的家离学校大约10公里6. He leaves for school at around six-thirty.他大约在6点30分动身去学校。7. Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校。8. A small number of students take the subway to school.小部分学生乘坐地铁上学9. What do you think of the transportation in your town?你对你们镇的交通认为怎么样？10. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus.那肯定比坐公共汽车有趣的多啊。 than 介词“比”后接动词的ing 形式。 fun 名词不可数，前more 是much 的比较级，a lot 可以用来修饰比较级，除此之外还有;a litte, much (最常见),even，a bit, twice两倍, three times三倍, four times四倍.(表示倍数) 。11. Although others also walk or ride their bikes. other 其他的，另外的。 other+可数名词复数或者不可数名词，其他的 the other/ one other+ 名词，表示已知道的两个人或事物中的另外一个。 the others 意义为：别的，其他的。表示特指，表示除去后剩下的全部。 others 则表示泛指，其后也不加名词，表示出去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。常用 some others another 意为 “再一的，又一的”，用作形容词或代词，泛指三个及三个以上的同类人或事物中的另一个，之和名词单数连用。Unit 5 Can you come to my party?一、短语及句型1. come to ones party 参加某人的聚会 2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午 3. Id love /like to 我非常乐意 4. Im sorry 对不起 5. study for a test为测验而学习 6. go to the doctor 去看医生 7. visit ones aunt 看望某人的姑姑 8. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课 10. too much homework 太多家庭作业11. much too interesting 有趣得多 12. maybe another time 也许下一次吧 13.Thanks for asking（inviting）谢谢邀请 14. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛 15. Birthday Party 生日聚会 16. go to the mall 去购物中心17. soccer practice 足球练习 18. look for 寻找19. find out 找到，弄清楚，查明 20. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习 21. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球 22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙23. football match足球比赛 24. my cousins birthday party 我表弟的生日聚会 25. write soon 尽快回信 26. study for my science test 为科学考试而学习 27. 给某人打电话的几种说法：call sb. up, call sb. phone sb. telephone sb. phone sb. ring sb. up give sb. a ring, give sb. a phone make a telephone call to sb.28. on Thursday night 星期四晚上 29. be (go) on vacation 度假 30. next week下周31. join sb.加入某人一起，take part in +参加，加入（活动，并在其中发挥积极作用）32. Please keep quiet! 请保持安静, keep+形容词表示“保持某种状态”， keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“（使某人）不停地做某事”，keep sth. 保存某物33. culture club 文化俱乐部 34. try to do sth. 努力（企图）做某事,try doing sth.试着做某事,try one best to do sth. 尽力做某事 35.geography project 地理课外自修项目 36. the whole day =all the day 一整天37.come over (to some place )顺便来，拜访某地38.science report 科学报告39，on weekdays在工作日（从周一到周五）二、句子A.1.句式结构：Can sb do (动词原形) sth.?肯定回答（表示乐于接受）Sue(Yes), Id love/ like to.否定回答（表示歉意）Im sorry, I cant. I be doing sth. /I have to do sth.(此句式用来说明理由)或者 Id love to, but I be doing sth. /I have to do sth.2. sb. have (has) to do sth. have to 不得不，必须，受时态和人称的影响,后接动词的原形，表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事，有被迫之意。She isnt very well these days and has to stay home. 她这几天身体不太好，只好呆在家里。3. sb. be v-ing sth.(进行时态表将来，在本单元用来陈述自己不能做某事的理由：有所计划和安排。) On Friday evening, I m going to the movies with my friends.B.1. Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? Sure, Id love to. 星期六的下午你能来参加我的聚会吗？当然，我非常乐意。2. May I ask you some questions? Sure. / Of course. /Certainly. 我可以问您一些问题吗？当然可以。 3. Thank you for inviting me. =Thanks for asking (having, inviting)me.谢谢你邀请我。=Thanks for your invitation. 拓展：Thanks for your help. 4. Maybe another time.或许下一次吧。-Maybe next time. 5. Whats today? (用来询问星期和日期)，今天几号，星期几？Its Friday the 15th.拓展：what day is it today?=whats the day? What date is it?=whats the date today?6. I am really busy. busy-free , be busy with sth. be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事7. Please call me after the vacation. 给某人打电话的几种说法:call/ phone/ring sb., give sb. a ring/call, make a telephone /phone call to sb.8.词语区分: too much / much tootoo much 是用too来修饰much，加深much的程度，意思是“太多”，作定语时，后接不可数名词。much too是用much来增强too的语气，意思是“太.”,后面常接形容词。Unit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.一、短语及句型1. long hair 长头发 2.more than=over 超出，多于. 3. last letter 上一封信4.more athletic 更健壮 5.in common 共有的，共同的；have something in common有共同之处，have nothing in common 6.more outgoing 比较外向 7. want/plan to do sth. 意欲，企图 8. here are photos of me