浅析园林绿化施工中存在的问题及改进措施.doc

/ /浅析园林绿化施工中存在的问题及改进措施摘要：改革开放以来，我国的经济建设发展迅速，人们对工作与生活的周边环境更加的关注，要求也是更加的高。园林绿化俨然已经成为城市建设的重要工作之一。优质的园林绿化成果不仅能够更好的展现城市的美丽，还能够有效地降低城市的污染程度，因此，对园林绿化工作应给予高度重视。为了更好的发挥出园林绿化的重要作用，严格进行施工过程中的质量控制是非常重要的。本文重点探索国内园林绿化施工过程中的质量控制工作，希望能够为有关的管理人员提供一些帮助。Pick to: since the reform and opening, our countrys economic construction has developed rapidly, peoples surrounding environment to work and life more attention and is more demanding. Landscaping peremptory has become one of the important work of urban construction. High quality landscaping results can better show the beauty of the city, not only can effectively reduce urban pollution, therefore, should give high attention to landscaping work. In order to better give play to the important role of the landscaping, carries on the construction process of strict quality control is very important. This paper mainly explores domestic botanical garden afforestation construction quality control in the process of work, hope to provide some help for the relevant management personnel. 关键词：园林绿化；质量控制；施工管理Key words: landscape; Quality control; Construction management 随着我国城市绿化进程的不断加快，园林绿化工作质量已经成为社会关注的热点问题。然而，在市场经济环境中，受到诸多因素的影响，在实际的园林绿化工作中仍存在一定的问题，本文对这些问题进行分析，并提出相应的解决措施。Along with the accelerating process of urban greening, landscaping work quality has become the hot topic in society. In a market economy environment, however, influenced by many factors, in the actual landscaping work still has certain problem, this paper analyzes these problems, and proposes the corresponding solution measures. 一、园林施工过程中存在的问题A, the botanical garden construction problems that exist in the process (一) 园林施工人员专业素质有待提升(1) of garden construction personnel professional quality need improve 园林施工并不等同于简单的草木修剪、种花种草、施肥浇水之类的简单维护工作，而是一项专业性很强的系统工程。这就要求施工人员的专业水平要高，并且，勤于探索。但是，在实际的施工过程中，由于对其并没有给予高度重视，很多人存在一定的认识误区，从而导致聘任的施工人员大多未经过专业训练，很多都是从未涉及过的农民工。同时，园林绿化施工项目一般都是投入低、收入高，这更加引起了很多施工单位的争抢，其中的施工队伍鱼龙混杂，致使施工质量参差不齐。Garden construction is not the same as simple vegetation pruning, growing flowers grow grass watering, fertilization, easy maintenance, strong but a specialized system engineering. This requires construction personnel professional level is higher, and diligently explore. But, in the actual construction process, due to it didnt give highly attention, a lot of people have some misunderstanding, which leads to hire the most construction personnel without professional training, many of them had never been involved in the migrant workers. At the same time, the botanical garden afforestation construction projects are generally low investment, high income, it caused a lot of for the construction units, including the good and evil people mixed up construction team, the construction quality is uneven. (二) 施工缺乏规范性，引起环境污染(2) the lack of standardization of construction, cause environmental pollution 目前，对园林绿化施工管理的相关法律尚未进入成熟阶段，很多执法部门拥有的权利以及涉及的管理范围还不是很明确。很多施工单位在施工的过程中，处于经济利益以及“省时省力”方面考虑，“占地毁绿”问题日益增多。同时，在事后很少做出补救工作，以至于这些园林绿化地区或多或少遭到污染以及破坏。At present, the botanical garden afforestation construction management of the relevant laws have not yet entered the mature stage, a lot of power and law enforcement have involved in the management scope is not clear. Many construction units in the process of construction, in the economic interests and the time into consideration, covers an area of the green problems are increasing. At the same time, rarely make remedial work afterwards, so that the landscaping area pollution and the destruction of more or less. (三) 园林绿化监管力度不足(3) landscaping insufficient supervision 当前，我国大多数的城市园林绿化施工质量监理工作都是由建筑工程的监理一并承担。在这种情况下，当我们将关注的目光投向法规政策这一监督手段时发现，城市绿化工程施工及验收规范对于工程的强制性规定较少，这也是很多工程队伍随意施工的一方面原因。在缺乏有力监管的情况下，工程的实施水平往往还要下降一个台阶。土壤的好坏、营养程度，不同花木需求的土坑大小水平，基肥施用的必要性及肥量都是决定花木是否成活及长势的关键因素，有些施工队伍并不注重这些，任意栽种，一味以完成任务，拿到工程款为首要目标。这种情况不仅为后续的维护和管理制造了麻烦，导致资金和资源的浪费，也无法达到美观、合理的景观效果。At present, our country most of the city botanical garden afforestation construction quality supervision work is borne by the construction engineering supervision together. In this case, when we will focus on attention to regulation and policy means this week-only somalia was found, the urban greening engineering construction and acceptance norms for mandatory provisions of the project is less, this is also the reason of many engineering team construction at will on the one hand. In the absence of effective supervision, the implementation of the engineering level and often dropped a level. Soil quality, nutritional degree and different level of flowers and trees need holes size, the necessity of basal fertilizer and fertilizer consumption is to determine whether the flowers and trees survival and growth of the key factors, some construction team do not pay attention to these, any plant, just in order to complete the task, to get the project as the first target. This situation not only creates problems for subsequent maintenance and management, lead to waste of money and resources, also is unable to achieve beautiful, reasonable landscape effect. 二、园林绿化施工改进措施Second, the botanical garden afforestation construction improvement measures (一) 注重施工人员的管理与培训工作(a) pay attention to the construction personnel management and training work 在进行园林绿化工程时，除以项目经理的管理目标和职责为中心外，还应配备合格的管理技术人员，要求施工操作人员必须持证上岗，做好操作人员的培训，强化全体人员的质量意识，严格施工各项管理制度同时，对不合要求的施工人员和以往工程质量信誉不好的施工队伍应拒绝。In the botanical garden afforestation project, divided by the management objective and responsibility of the project manager as the center, should also be equipped with qualified management and technical personnel, construction must hold relevant certificates required, completes the operation personnel training, strengthen staffs quality consciousness, strict construction management system at the same time, to construction personnel and blatantly past bad engineering quality credibility construction team should be rejected. (二) 加强施工规范以及相关法规(2) strengthen the construction specification and the relevant laws and regulations 作为建设单位，首先积极参与到园林绿化施工的招投标的准备工作中来，对投标单位进行抽查摸底，尽量真正了解投标单位的资质与实力，在招投标过程中要严格依照工程建设项目施工招投标办法行事，尽量选择素质高、有实力的单位作为施工单位。其次，在整个园林绿化施工行业重要逐步制定完善的行为规范，比如绿化树种的原则，对施工废渣的处理等做出规定，不仅有利于实现园林绿化的目标，而且可以减少对环境的破坏。最后，应该从法律、法规的角度对园林绿化建设中常发生的法律问题进行规范、规定，只有这样才能给这个行业以约束，给这个行业提供更加有利的外部发展环境。As the construction unit, the first positive to participate in the botanical garden afforestation construction bidding preparation, spot check a baseline of bidding units, try to really understand the qualifications of the tendering units and strength, in the process of bidding to strictly in accordance with the engineering construction project construction bidding methods, try to choose high quality, powerful units as construction units. Second, in the botanical garden afforestation construction industry gradually formulate important behavior standards, such as the principle of greening tree species, stipulates the handling of construction waste residue and so on, is not only beneficial to realize the goal of landscaping, but also can reduce the damage to the environment. Finally, should from the perspective of laws and regulations of botanical garden afforestation construction norms, regulations on the legal issues often happen, only in this way can give the industry with restrictions, for the industry to provide more favorable external environment for development. (三) 抓好监督管理工作(3) pay special attention to the supervision and management work 在实际的园林绿化工程建设的质量管理过程中，应着力推行项目监理制。建立健全施工项目经理责任制是园林绿化工程质量管理与控制的目标，园林绿化施工项目管理目标责任体系的建立是实现项目经理责任制的重要内容。目前，监理制这一制度已经在园林绿化行业内实施。这种方式具有很强的优势，首先，它采用高智能的方式，以更为科学和合理的方式为In an actual garden greening engineering construction quality management process, should focus on the implementation of project supervision system. Establish and improve the construction project manager responsibility system is the goal of the garden greening engineering quality management and control, landscaping, construction project management target responsibility system is the important content to realize the project manager responsibility system. At present, the supervision system this system has been implemented in landscaping industry. This approach has a strong advantage, first, it use high intelligent way, with more scientific and reasonable way 准则，运用较为科学的态度和方法进行运行。监理工程师这一职位可以圆满地完成在保障业主利益的同时，兼顾施工单位利益的任务，具备较为公正科学的特性，一定程度上能够保障工程的质量问题。而且监理工程师能够在工程施工之初开始进行监督知道工程结束验收完成这一过程中的全面监督。对材料上、工程的工序上、以及实际的产品的进行把关，这种较为严格的监管基本上能够保障工程的质量问题，实现合理的景观建设。Standard, using a scientific attitude and method of operation. Supervision engineer the job can be done successfully in the protection of the interests of the owners at the same time, the profit of construction units, have relatively impartial scientific feature, to a certain extent can guarantee the quality problem of the project. And supervision engineer in the engineering construction supervise know end of the project at the beginning of comprehensive supervision in the process of the final acceptance. Process of materials, engineering, quality and practical products, the tighter regulatory basically can guarantee engineering quality problems, to achieve reasonable landscape construction. (四) 加强工程的后续工作(4) strengthen the follow-up project 园林绿化工作并非建设好就万事大吉，而是需要在建设完工后进行悉心的养护工作，这是保障景观更好地呈现的前提条件。目前，大多数园林绿化的工期都可以在大约半年左右的时间内完成，但是一般在合同上进行要求的时间都有90日左右，这是因为绿化养护同样是工程建设的重要方面，要在经过两个生长季节以后才能顺利完成工程的移交。这一行为的目的是为了更好地保障苗木的存活。一般来讲，这一环节尤为重要，往往是花木是否能够成活的关键环节。Landscaping construction work is not good just fine, but need to work in the construction carried out after completion of the careful maintenance, it is a precondition for security landscape rendering better. At present, most of the landscaping of the time limit for a project can be finished about half a year or so of the time, but the general requirements in the contract time has 90 days or so, this is because the virescence maintenance, is also one of the most important aspects of the project construction, need after two growing season to the smooth completion of project handover. The purpose