高三英语语法复习-名词性从句[课件]

noun clause,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),英语句子结构概论,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句 定语从句（形容词性从句） 状语从句（副词性从句）,1. The boy who is standing over there is Tom.,2. Because it is raining , we have to stay at home.,定语从句,状语从句,3. I know (that) he is from America.,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,从句的特征,做主句中的一个成分有引导词（个别省略）有完整正确的谓语（主谓结构）陈述语序（个别倒装）,Noun Clauses(名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause（同位语从句）,Object Clause（宾语从句）,Predicative Clause（表语从句）,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know who will win the match . The question is who will win the match . The question who will win the match is interesting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,小结: (1)主语从句一般在主句谓语动词之前，或it做形式主语时在主句谓语动词之后(2)表语从句位于系动词之后(3)宾语从句位于及物动词、介词或系表结构之后(4)同位语从句位于抽象名词之后，与抽象名词是同指关系，此时要注意区分定语从句和同位语从句。,找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。1. I dont know if I can do it.2. What he is doing seems very difficult. 3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies.4. Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people. 5. The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,6. Thats what you are going to do first. 7. Itll be decided at the class meeting who is to be the monitor of our class. 8. When the sports meet is to be held is still under discussion. 9. I was surprised at what he said. 10. He gave me the news that some Americans will visit our school tomorrow.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,1. 名词性从句连接词的区别，尤其是what与that、whether与if的区别。 2. 名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别。3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气。5. what 引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。例：whatthe thing that/anything that； whatthe place that； whatthe time that； whatthe person that6. wh-ever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能以及与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句的区别。,预测： 2014年将重点考查连接词that、what的用法；it作形式宾语的情况；whever引导的名词性从句。,I. Conjunctions of Noun Clauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：,what(ever), which(ever); who(ever), whom(ever), whose,that, whether, if(宾从), because(表从), as if/ though(表从),when(ever), where(ver), how(ever), why,名词性从句连接词的选择常采用“两步法”：,先判断从句是名词性从句：依据名词性从句特征和位置判断。即先找出复合句中主句的谓语动词，然后根据从句在复合句中的位置和功能来判断其是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、还是同位语从句。然后选择连接词：依据从句中的成分、从句的来源、语境及搭配、连接词自身的含义和用法等，即“缺什么补什么”。,You can go to ask _ is a native for help. anyone B. who C. whoever D. whom,An example,C,一、连词（引导词） 1. that1)当名词从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.,The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,2.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的从句也可算是宾语从句(that可省略)。,Im sorry (that) I dont know .Were sure (that) our team will win .Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,3）名词从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：,（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句，that不可省。（4）主句谓语动词后接双宾语，直接宾语是名词从句时。（5）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时。,1. I dont doubt _ he can speak English.2. I doubt_ he can speak English.,whether/ if,that,当名词从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导， “是否”，不能省略。,(1) Lily wanted to know _ her grandma liked the handbag .(2) Lets see _ we can find out some information about that city .(3) She asked me _ she could borrow these books .,2. whether/ if,whether/ if,whether/ if,whether/ if,注意 whether和if的使用区别:,a. 当从句中有or not时就用whether,不用if。 b. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if表示“是否”。 c. 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句不用if引导。 另外 if可以引导条件状语从句，whether无此用法。,I dont know whether or not I will stay.,I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,If you are to succeed, you ought to work harder.,Practice time,I asked her _ she had a bike.Were worried about _ he is safe. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ I should go.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_ to go.,whether,3. 当名词从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Do you know _ he said just now ? I dont remember _ we arrived . I asked him _ I could get so much money in so short a time. Please tell me _ we have to see . Do you know _ time the plane leaves ?,what,when,where,who / whom,what,II. 时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I know he _ here .(live) I know he _ here ten years ago .(live) I have heard that he _ tomorrow . (come),lives,lived,will come,2. 如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,I knew who _ here. (live) I saw she _ her mother. (talk)He asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back)He said that he _ it before. (see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,He said the earth _ around the sun.（travel）,lived,was talking with,would come back,had seen,travels,III. 语序名词从句要用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,1. I dont know what is the matter / the trouble/ wrong with him.2. I dont know who did it.3. I dont know who is he.,1. His brother asks when he will go to the library .2. His brother asks when will he go to the library .,1. I dont know what he wants to buy .2. I dont know what does he want to buy .,IV. 主语从句后置(it作形式主语) 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1. That the earth is round is known to all. 2. That you missed the chance is a pity., It is a pity that you missed the chance., Its known to all that the earth is round.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: It is +adj./ n. (strange/a pity/) + that It is + v.-ed (said/ reported) + that ,连词 whether, 连接代词 what, who, which和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导主语从句,也常后置:,Can you understand them? It is well known/reported/ thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certain/true that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that,1. This is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 3. 大学生应该掌握一门外语，这是必要的。It is necessary that _.,college students should master a foreign language.,_,It,It is necessary / important /natural / strange - that sb. should do-,We felt it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.,2. He has made it clear that he will not give in.,it作形式宾语： it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语, 真正的宾语是that/ wh-从句则放在句尾。,*_(我们觉得很奇怪) she didnt go to school today.,We think it strange that,* (2) it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容， 常用于这些动词后， like/dislike/love/hate /appreciate/make后常跟if 或when从句, it 作形式宾语,*(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to do,I hate it when people laugh at the disabled .,1. Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET)A. this B. that C. it D. one3. 他发现很难使别人理解他. He found _.4. 我认为我们保持冷静很重要.I think _.,it,it difficult to make himself understood.,it,it important that we should keep calm .,注 意一,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is/ was because . It is/ was why. 4. The reason (why/for)is/ was that.5. The reason/ result is because/ why,that .,1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. That is _ I had a fewdays off.2. - The project was turn down. - Is that _ we lack money?3.Tom didnt go to school today. The reason was _ he fell ill.,用that/ why/ because填空,that,why,because,Who will do it _ been decided(have/ has).What he needs _ that book.What he needs _ some books.,is,are,注意三：what 与 that 引导主语从句的区别:,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语等，有疑问含义；而that在从句中只起连接作用，只有陈述含义。,(1) _ you said yesterday is right.(2) _ she is still alive is a fact.,What,That,注意二:主语从句对应的主句谓语动词一般用单数。但what/ who等引导主语从句时，主句谓语单复数可根据表语决定。,1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.,定语从句,同位语从句,3. 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当从句宾语时可以省略。,注意三：区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：,1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等。,2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“的”。,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),各种名词性从句常见错误,一、主语从句典型错误1：That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.2: He will give up his job surprises all of us.3:No matter who breaks the law will be punished.4: If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.5: That worried her a bit was that he couldnt get in touch with her friend.6: He is said he has gone to America.,what,That,Whoever,whether,what,It,that,二、宾语从句典型错误1.I believe what the teacher will not consider our suggestions.2. He always thinks of how he can do well.3. She was praised for what had she done.,what,what he had done,that,4. He wants to know I still study English.5. I am interested in if he can do it in such a short time.6.It is generally considered unwise to give a child no matter what he or she wants.,Whatever,whether,Whether/if I still study English,三. 表语从句典型错误： 1：The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.2: The difficulty we now meet with is if we can persuade him to tell the truth.,that,whether,例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 1.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 2.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 3.He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.,注意点,1)表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2)表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3)表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.4)不要使用 The reason is because 句型,应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,. be held hasnt been known yet.,Pay attention:主语从句对应的主句的谓语用单数形式,Correct or not?,Pay attention: 在此宾语从句中，it 充当形式宾语，真正的宾语为that 从句,I think it worthwhile that.,* I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.,*His brother asks when will he go to the library .,Pay attention:名词性从句的语序用陈述语序,Correct or not?,when he will go to the library .,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will. decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether, 不能用if,Correct or not?,Pay attention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！由demand ,order, require, insist, suggest, advise等引导的宾语从句，或由demand, order, suggestion等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用should+do 的形式,It is suggested that we should put off.,*It is suggested that we would put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.,Correct or not?,Pay attention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在It is necessary/ important/ natural/ . that句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do 的形式,It is important that we should finish,*It is important that we will finish the work on time.,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由reason 做主语的表语从句只能用that 来引导。,The reason why he was late was that he was.,*The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用可作宾语成分的what来引导，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will give up,*He will give up his job surprises us all.,Correct or not?,Pay attention:同位语从句的引导词that 不能省略。,He expressed his hope that he would.,*He expressed his hope he would visit China again.,He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4. What we need are time.5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.,is,that,whether,that,whichever,单句改错,（）1.2011安徽卷 His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express. AthatBhowCwhoDwhat【解析】 D考查名词性从句。句意为：他的书写是如此的让人迷惑以至于很难认出他试图表达什么。make out后接名词性从句，what在这里作express的宾语，表示express的内容，故选D。,（）2.2011北京卷 _Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom【解析】 B考查名词性从句。what引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作offer的宾语（构成offer sth to sb结构）。句意为：Barbara Jones提供给她的粉丝的是诚实和快乐。,（）3.2011北京卷 The shocking news made me realize_ terrible problems we would face. Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhy【解析】 A考查宾语从句的连接词。该宾语从句是一个感叹句，修饰的是terrible problems，为名词短语，所以用what。句意为：这个令人震惊的消息使我们意识到我们将要面临多么大的困难啊。,（）4.2011湖南卷 Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhy【解析】 A本题考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，句中的it作形式主语，后面的“_the problem itself is”作真正的主语，该从句缺少表语，故用what引导。,（）5.2011江苏卷 It was never clear_ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy【解析】 D考查名词性从句。分析句子不难发现It在句中充当形式主语，真正的主语是空格后整个句子。根据句意“不清楚为什么那个男子没有马上汇报这次事故。”可知不清楚的原因，故选D项。,（）6.2011江西卷 The villagers have already known _well do is to rebuild the bridge. Athis Bthat Cwhat Dwhich【解析】 C考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的是要重修这座桥。在known后面的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句“_well do”，这个主语从句本身又缺少主语，what在这个主语从句中作主语，意为“所的事情”。故选C。,（）7.2011辽宁卷 When the news came_ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because【解析】 C本题考查名词性从句。根据语境“战争爆发”是对“消息”的解释，是同位关系，且同位语从句结构完整，因此用that引导。,（）8.2011山东卷 Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy 【解析】 D本题考查表语从句的连接词。句意：恐怕与其说他是个实干家，不如说他是个空谈者，这就是为什么他从来都做不成什么事的原因。根据前后的逻辑应该选择表示原因的why。本句结构较为复杂，which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，why引导的从句又在这个定语从句中作表语。,（）9.2011陕西卷 Id like to start my own businessthats_ Id do if I had the money. Awhy Bwhen Cwhich Dwhat 【解析】 D考查名词性从句。所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中作宾语，且指物，故用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。,（）10.2011四川卷 Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. Awhy Bhow Cwhat Dwhich【解析】 C本题考查名词性从句。介词in之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语，指事物，故填what。why“为什么”；how“怎么样”；which“哪一个”。,（）11.2011天津卷 Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere【解析】 C考查名词性从句中的同位语从句的引导词。空格后的从句是对前面的名词evidence的具体内容的解释，且从句中不缺少任何成分，所以应该用that引导同位语从句表事实陈述。句意为：现代科学已经给出了明确的证明吸烟能够导致多种疾病。,（）12.2011重庆卷It is still under discussion_ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. Awhether Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 【解析】 A考查主语从句的引导句。由or n