NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构ppt课件.ppt

BasicFire LifeSafetyforRadiationSafetyProfessionals RobertEmery DrPH CHP CIH CSP RBP CHMM CPP ARMVicePresidentforSafety Health Environment RiskManagement QualityAssuranceTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHoustonAssociateProfessorofOccupationalHealthTheUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealth 1 Whydoweneedfireandlifesafetycodes AccordingtotheNFPA in2007therewere 530 500structurefires oneeveryminute3 000civiliandeaths oneevery2 5hours15 350civilianinjuries oneevery30minutes 10 600 000 000inpropertydamageAfiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20seconds Objectives IntroducethecodesthatdrivefireandlifesafetycomplianceOverviewoffiredetectionandsuppressionProvidetoolstoconductabasicfireandlifesafetyassessment FireRegulationsandCodes SafetyandHealthRegulationsOSHA 29CFR1910 1926 FireandLifeSafetyCodesInternationalBuildingCode IBC NationalFireProtectionAssociation NFPA MunicipalRequirements IBC OSHA NFPA NIOSH AdditionalRequirements AllcodesareminimumrequirementsInsurancecompanyrequirementsCompanypoliciesTheJointCommissionStateand orCityrequirements HowareTheseCodesEnforced Codesareadoptedbyreferencebyordinance Plansforremodelingoranewconstructionmustbeapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction AHJ priortostartingwork StateFireMarshal sOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJTakeHomeMessage Knowwhatcode s applytoyouroperation WhichdoIfollow Remodelingornewconstructionplansmustbeapprovedbyauthorityhavingjurisdiction AHJ priortostartingworkStateFireMarshal sOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJ FeaturesofBuildingFireandLifeSafety AlarmsSprinklersRatedCorridorsExitAccessNumberofRequiredExitsEgressWidthsOccupantLoadsElevatorRecallFireRatedDoors Frames SmokeControlRatedStairwellsFireproofingRequirementsElectricalSafetyConstructionCombustibilityFireandSmokeDampersEmergencyPowerRoofAssemblies FireAlarmSystems PlayanEssentialRoleinProtectingPropertyandLivesFromFire ProtectionGoalsGovernsSystemSelectionBuildingOccupantSafetySatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJRequirementsPropertyProtectionFirstResponderSafetyEnvironmentalProtectionCombination FireAlarmSystems IBCreferencesNFPA72forinstallationandmaintenanceNFPA72 NationalFireAlarmCodeBasicComponentsPanelDetectionManualAlarmNotificationOff PremisesConnectionforSupervision FireAlarmSystems FireAlarmSystemWillProvideThreeTypesofSignalsAlarmTrouble indicatesafaultinamonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthefirealarmsystemBadsmokedetectorGroundfaultSupervisory indicatesaproblemwithotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingmonitoredbythefirealarmsystemWatervalvetosprinklersystemclosedCleanagentsystemproblem Alarm Supervisory Trouble Off PremisesConnectionforSupervision CommonFireDetection SmokeDetectorIonizationPhotoelectricHeatDetectorsFixedTemperatureRate of Rise ManualPullStations ManualpulldeviceswillbelocatedonthewallActivatedbypullingonahandleSendssignaltobuilding sfirealarmsystemwhichplacesthebuildingintoalarm NotificationAppliances Audiblealarms Howloudisloudenough Public SPLmustbe5dBaboveanyambientnoisethatlasts60sec ormore or15dBabovethe24 hraverage whicheverisgreaterSleepingquarters Minimumof75dBA NotificationAppliances VoiceCommunicationBettertohavealargernumberoflowerSPLunitsvs afewveryloudunitsIntelligibilitycanbeaproblem NotificationAppliances VisualalarmsPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentaudiblealarmsCommonLocationsofVisualAlarmsCorridorsMeetingroomsRestroomsEnclosedelevatorlobbies FireAlarmSystemInterfaces HeatingVentilationandAirConditioningDuctdetectorsAHUshut downSprinklerwaterflowalarmsMagneticlockreleasemechanismsDoorunlockingdevicesElevatorrecallStairwellpressurization SystemReliability BasedonFourElementsDesignEquipmentUnderwritersLaboratoriesFactoryMutualGlobalInstallationMaintenanceInspection Testing andMaintenancearecrucialUnfortunately someproblemsmaybeidentifiedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompleted FireSuppression WaterBasedSuppressionCleanAgentSystemsFireExtinguishers WaterBasedSuppression Wet PipeSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatalltimesSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsHeatactivatessprinklerheadWaterisdischargedimmediately Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperaturesbelow40 F Wet PipeSystem MainvalveAlarmcheckvalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspector stestvalve Wet PipeSystem OnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivateFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminute Sprinklerhead Astemperaturerisesthebulbwillshatter Waterisreleasedanddeflectedinaspraypattern SprinklerColorCodesandRatings FieldMethodforTemporaryStoppageofSprinklerHead Dry PipeSystem SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupSprinklerheadsholdthepressureAdry pipevalveholdsbackthewatersupplyValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowapredeterminedlevelSprinklerheadactivation pressuredrop valveopens watersenttoallheads waterdischargedfromactivatedsprinklerhead s Recommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezingtemperatures HowdoDry PipeSystemsWork HeatActivated PressureDrop WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead Watersenttoallsprinklerheads ValveOpens Dry PipeSystem SupplycheckvalveMainvalveDrypipevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspector stestvalve Pre actionSystem SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupWaterheldbackbypre actionvalveSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre actionvalvetoopenandwaterfillsthesystemWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerhead Typicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseums HowdoPre ActionSystemsWork SmokeDetected WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead Watersenttoallsprinklerheads ValveOpens Pre actionSystem SupplycheckvalveMainvalveWatercontrolordelugevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerhead closed DetectorElectricalbellManualreleasestationControlpanelInspector stestvalve FirePumps FirepumpsareutilizedwhenthehydraulicdemandexceedspublicsupplycapacityComponentsPumpandmotorControllersJockeypumpWatertank WaterSupply StandpipeSystemClassI 2 inchhoseconnectionintendedforfiredepartmentuseClassII 1 inchhoseconnectionsintendedforfirst aidfirefightingClassIII Providedwithboth2 inchand1 inchhoseconnectionsFireDepartmentConnection SuppressionWithoutWater Halon NFPA12ABeingphasedoutper1987MontrealProtocolCarbonDioxide NFPA12CleanAgent NFPA2001Inertgasformulation Thesesystemsareoftennotrecognizedasallowablesubstituteforwatersuppression FireExtinguishers NFPA10standardforportablefireextinguishersSelectappropriateextinguisherforareaClassA B C D andKIdentifyhazardoccupancyLightHazardOffices schools assemblyhallsOrdinaryHazardMercantilestorage parkinggaragesHighHazardWoodworkingarea warehouses ConductingaBasicAssessment DetermineYourBuildingOccupancyTypeFirstIBCOccupancyClassificationsAssembly GroupA 1 A 2 A 3 A 4andA 5Business GroupBEducational GroupEFactoryandIndustrial GroupsF 1andF 2HighHazard GroupsH 1 H 2 H 3 H 4 andH 5Institutional GroupI 1 I 2 I 3andI 4Mercantile GroupMResidential GroupsR 1 R 2 R 3andR 4Storage GroupsS 1andS 2UtilityandMiscellaneous GroupU ConductingaBasicAssessment AdditionalDetailedRequirementsBasedonUseandOccupancyCoveredMallBuildingsHigh RiseBuildingsAtriumsUndergroundBuildingsMotor Vehicle RelatedOccupanciesMotionPictureProjection