Robert Frost人物及作品赏析

TheModernPeriodinAmericanLiterature BiographyWorksandStyleSelectedworks IfAmericahadanationalpoetinthe20thcentury itiscertainlyRobertFrost BorninSanFranciscoin1874 Atthedeathofhisfather whenFrostwaseleven hismotherbroughthimtoMassachusetts Aftergraduatingfromhighschoolin1892 FrostenteredDartmouthCollegebutsoonleft In1895 hegotmarried Inordertosupportthefamily hedidoddjobs teachingschoolandworkinginamillandasanewspaperreporter In1897 hewasacceptedasaspecialstudentbyHarvardbutwithdrewaftertwoyearsbecauseofhisincreasingdislikeforacademicconvention Forthenexttwelveyears Frostmadeaminimallivingbyteachingandfarmingwhilecontinuingtowritehispoems In1912 heandhisfamilymovedtoEngland wherehefoundapublisherforhisfirstbookofverse Aboy swill 1913 In1914 Frost ssecondbook NorthofBoston waspublishedbyDavidNutt Determinedtowinrecognitioninhisnativeland FrostreturnedtotheUSandsettledonafarminhisnativeland In1915 FrostrelocatedhisfamilytoNewHampshire Forforty twoyears from1921tohisdeath FrostspentalmosteverysummerandfallteachingattheBreadLoafSchoolofEnglishofMiddleburyCollege In1963 hediedonJanuary29inBoston Works 1 CollectionofpoemsABoy sWill 1913 NorthofBoston 1914 NewHampshire 1923 CollectedPoems 1930 AFurtherRange 1936 AWitnessTree 1942 West RunningBrookMountainIntervalIntheClearing PulitzerPrize 2 PoemsBirchesAfterApple PickingStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningTheRoadNotTakenAcquaintedwiththeNight3 PlaysAWayOut AOneActPlay HarborPress 1929 TheCow sintheCorn AOneActIrishPlayinRhyme SlideMountainPress 1929 AMasqueofReason Holt 1945 AMasqueofMercy Holt 1947 Allpoetryisareproductionofthetonesofactualspeech 诗乃实际说话音调之复制品 Writingfreeverseislikeplayingtenniswiththenetdown 诗歌如不讲韵律 就像打网球不设拦网一样 RobertFrostsaid RobertFrostalsosaid Iamalwayssayingsomethingthat sjusttheedgeofsomethingmore Howdoyouunderstand theedgeofsomething Frost sstyle Frost snaturepoetryiscloselyrelatedtohispastoralism heusedsymbolstoformeverydaycountrylifetoexpresshisdeepideas Rejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries heusedtraditionalformssuchastheblankverse plainlanguageofruralNewEnglanders Thereisasteadytoneofwryhumorandavirtuallyinexhuastibleverbalgrace Asawhole Frost sartisanactofclarification which withoutsimplifyingthetruth rendersitinsomedegreeaccessibletoeveryone FeaturesofHisPoemsProfoundmeaningsarehiddenunderneaththeplainlanguageandsimpleform 1 Hispoemsmostlywroteaboutnature influencedbyWordsworthandEmerson andNewEnglandlandscape 2 Deceptivelysimplestyle reasonforpopular 3 Symbolism showhispoems deepmeaning 4 Hewaslikelytochoosetraditionalformsforhispoem butthethemesofhispoemsaremostlymodern Inhispoems traditionalelementsandmodernelementsmingletogether ThematicconcernsGenerallyFrostisconsideredaregionalpoetwhosesubjectmattersmainlyfocusonthelandscapeandpeopleinNewEngland Thesethematicconcernsincludetheterrorandtragedyinnature aswellasitsbeauty andthelonelinessandpovertyoftheisolatedhumanbeing Frostwrotemanypoemsthatinvestigatethebasicthemesofman slife theindividual srelationshipstohimself tohisfellow man toworld andtohisGod StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningWhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow HishouseisinthevillagethoughHewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnowMylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistakeTheonlyothersound sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake Thewoodsarelovely darkanddeep ButIhavepromisestokeep AndmilestogobeforeIsleep AndmilestogobeforeIsleep 雪夜林畔小驻余光中译想来我认识这座森林 林主的庄宅就在邻村 却不会见我在此驻马 看他林中积雪的美景 我的小马一定颇惊讶 四望不见有什么农家 偏是一年最暗的黄昏 寒林和冰湖之间停下 它摇一摇身上的串铃 问我这地方该不该停 此外只有轻风拂雪片 再也听不见其他声音 森林又暗又深真可羡 但我还要守一些诺言 还要赶多少路才安眠 还要赶多少路才安眠 SelectedfromNewHampshire thepoemiswritteniniambictetrameter 抑扬格四音步 withtherhymeschemeasAABA BBCB CCDC DDDD Thepoempresentsapictureoftranquility onawinterevening asleighdriverstoppedbyawoodwhileeveryingiscoveredwithsnow However thesceneoftranquilityisnotwithoutthetemptationofdeath Thespeakerforawhilewasratherattractedbythemysteryofdeath Fortunately hisformerpromisesremindedhimofhisresponsibilityintheworldandhewasdetachedfromthedarkwoods LoveandaQuestionAStrangercametothedoorateve Andhespokethebridegroomfair Heboreagreen whitestickinhishand And forallburden care HeaskedwiththeeyesmorethanthelipsForashelterforthenight AndheturnedandlookedattheroadafarWithoutawindowlight ThebridegroomcameforthintotheporchWith Letuslookatthesky Andquestionwhatofthenighttobe Stranger youandI Thewoodbineleaveslitteredtheyard Thewoodbineberrieswereblue Autumn yes winterwasinthewind Stranger IwishIknew 爱和一个问题黄昏时 一个陌生人来到门口 叫着漂亮的新郎 手里拄着一个绿白相间的拐杖 负着全身的重量 顾虑重重 他更多用眼神而不是唇舌乞求一夜的庇护 而后转身望着远处的公路那里没有一个亮灯的窗户 新郎现身来到门廊里说着 让我们看看这夜空 再来讨论夜晚怎么过 陌生人 你和我 忍冬的落叶铺满院子 忍冬的浆果已经变蓝 秋天 是啊 冬天已随风而来 陌生人 但愿我能明白 Within thebrideintheduskaloneBentovertheopenfire Herfacerose redwiththeglowingcoalAndthethoughtoftheheart sdesire Thebridegroomlookedatthewearyroad Yetsawbutherwithin AndwishedherheartinacaseofgoldAndpinnedwithasilverpin ThebridegroomthoughtitlittletogiveAdoleofbread apurse AheartfeltprayerforthepoorofGod Orfortherichacurse ButwhetherornotamanwasaskedTomartheloveoftwoByharboringwoeinthebridalhouse Thebridegroomwishedheknew 屋里 新娘独自在薄暮中俯身对着炉火 燃烧的炭火和内心的情欲让她的脸呈玫瑰一样的红 新郎注视令人厌倦的道路 看到的却是屋里的人儿 但愿她的心盛放在金匣里 别着一枚银色的别针 在新郎看来 施舍一点面包 一份钱财 为穷人向上帝虔诚的祈祷 或给富人以诅咒 都微不足道 但是一个男人该不该应要求在新房里收容悲哀破坏两人之间的欢爱 新郎希望他能够知道 SelectedfromABoy sWill thepoemdescribesarichmanaskedapoornewly wedcoupleforashelter Itwasamomentfulloflove suspicion strangeness terrorandfrustation whichillustratethemeaningoflove Asforthetitle LoveandaQuestion Ithink love ontheonehand istheaffectionbetweenthecouple ontheotherhand loveisalsothebenevolencefortheman Thebridegroomwasstrugglingbetweenthistwokindsoflove whichwasthe question hefaced 修墙有一点什么 它大概是不喜欢墙 它使得墙脚下的冻地涨得隆起 大白天的把墙头石块弄得纷纷落 使得墙裂了缝 二人并肩都走得过 士绅们行猎时又是另一番糟蹋 他们要掀开每块石头上的石头 我总是跟在他们后面去修补 但是他们要把兔子从隐处赶出来 讨好那群汪汪叫的狗 我说的墙缝是怎么生的 谁也没看见 谁也没听见但是到了春季补墙时 就看见在那里 我通知了住在山那边的邻居 有一天我们约会好 巡视地界一番 在我们两家之间再把墙重新砌起 我们走的时候 中间隔着一垛墙 我们走的时候 中间隔着一垛培 MendingWallSomethingthereisthatdoesn tloveawall Thatsendsthefrozen ground swellunderitAndspillstheupperbouldersinthesun Andmakesgapseventwocanpassabreast Theworkofhuntersisanotherthing IhavecomeafterthemandmaderepairWheretheyhaveleftnotonestoneonastone Buttheywouldhavetherabbitoutofhiding Topleasetheyelpingdogs ThegapsImean Noonehasseenthemmadeorheardthemmade Butatspringmending timewefindthemthere Iletmyneighborknowbeyondthehill AndonadaywemeettowalkthelineAndsetthewallbetweenusonceagain Wekeepthewallbetweenusaswego Toeachthebouldersthathavefallentoeach AndsomeareloavesandsomesonearlyballsWehavetouseaspelltomakethembalance Staywhereyouareuntilourbacksareturned Wewearourfingersroughwithhandlingthem Oh justanotherkindofoutdoorgame Oneonaside Itcomestolittlemore Therewhereitiswedonotneedthewall HeisallpineandIamappleorchard MyappletreeswillnevergetacrossAndeattheconesunderhispines Itellhim Heonlysays Goodfencesmakegoodneighbors Springisthemischiefinme andIwonderIfIcouldputanotioninhishead Whydotheymakegoodneighbors Isn titWheretherearecows Butheretherearenocows 落在各边的石头 由各自去料理 有些是长块的 有些几乎圆得像球 需要一点魔术才能把它们放稳当 老实呆在那里 等我们转过身再落下 我们搬弄石头 把手指都磨粗了 啊 这不过又是一种户外游戏 一个人站在一边 此外没有多少用处 在墙那地方 我们根本不需要墙 他那边全是松树 我这边是苹果园 我的苹果树永远也不会踱过去吃掉他松树下的松球 我对他说 他只是说 好篱笆造出好邻家 BeforeIbuiltawallI dasktoknowWhatIwaswallinginorwallingout AndtowhomIwasliketogiveoffense Somethingthereisthatdoesn tloveawall Thatwantsitdown Icouldsay Elves tohim Butit snotelvesexactly andI dratherHesaiditforhimself Iseehimthere BringingastonegraspedfirmlybythetopIneachhand likeanold stonesavagearmed Hemovesindarknessasitseemstome Notofwoodsonlyandtheshadeoftrees Hewillnotgobehindhisfather ssaying AndhelikeshavingthoughtofitsowellHesaysagain Goodfencesmakegoodneighbors 春天在我心里作祟 我在悬想能不能把一个念头注入他的脑里 为什么好篱笆造出好邻家 是否指着有牛的人家 可是我们此地又没有牛 我在造墙之前 先要弄个清楚 圈进来的是什么 圈出去的是什么 并且我可能开罪的是些什么人家 有一点什么 它不喜欢墙 它要推倒它 我可以对他说这是 鬼 但严格说也不是鬼 我想这事还是由他自己决定吧 我看见他在那里搬一块石头 两手紧抓着石头的上端 像一个旧石器时代的武装的野蛮人 我觉得他是在黑暗中摸索 这黑暗不仅是来自深林与树荫 他不肯探究他父亲传给他的格言他想到这句格言 便如此的喜欢 于是再说一遍 好篱笆造出好邻家 SelectedfromNorthofBoston thepoemdescribesanewEnglandfarmercontactshisneighbortorebuiltthestonewallinspringbetweentheirtwofarmsandthenquestionswhythewallmustbebuilt Itisbestknownforitslinespokenbytheneighbor Goodfencesmakegoodneighbors whichislistedbytheOxfordDictionaryofQuatationsasamidamid17thcenturyproverb Itisametaphoricalpoemwritteninblankverse B