葡萄牙语入门.doc

葡萄牙语入门Introduction1.The Portuguese Alphabet2.Pronunciation Guide3.Regional Pronunciations4. Accents used in Portuguese5. Similarities between Portuguese and English6. More examples of similar words1. The Portuguese AlphabetABCDEFGHIJLMNOPQRSTUVXZThe Portuguese alphabet consists of 23 letters (18 consonants and 5 vowels). The letters K, W and Y do not belong to the Portuguese alphabet, but they can be used in names (Wagner/Wilson/Yara/Amaury) or with international terms (kg/km/watt, etc.).Remark: It is important to know how to pronounce the alphabet as sometimes you have to spell your name or ask people to spell something for you. 2. Pronunciation GuideThe comparison with English words should help you pronounce the words correctly in Portuguese. Please note that not every sound can be reproduced in written form.LETTERPORTUGUESEMEANINGSOUNDENGLISHAalunostudentsounds like afatheralemGermannasal sound-Bbalacandysounds like bbayCcasahouseca/co/cu sounds like kkeycedoearlyce/ci sounds like scitymoayoung womana/o/u sounds like scityCHchequechecksounds like shsheDdatadatesounds like ddayEletra, vocletter, yousounds like ethemleitemilksounds like ee at the end, if unstressedcheesefesta, cafparty, coffeesounds like ebedFfacaknifesounds like fforGgatocatga/go/gu sounds like ggetgeloicege/gi sounds like gbeigeGUguawatergua/guo sounds like gwNicaraguaportugusPortuguesegue/gui sounds like ggetlingiasausagege/gi sounds like gwNicaraguaHhotelhotelh is always silent, except for borrowed words such as hall, hobby, etc.- Icamisashirtsounds like eameatJjornalnewspapersounds like gbeigeLlaranjaorangela/le/li/lo/lu sounds like llikeBrasilBrazilal/el/il/ol/ul sounds like wfewLHtrabalhoworksounds like llmillionMmapamapsounds like mmorebomgoodsounds between m and n, similar to the French word bon-Nnadanothingsounds like nnocontabillsounds like ncontractNHamanhtomorrowsounds like ng, similar to the French words Avignon and champagne -Obonito, avpretty, grandfathersounds like oknowlivrobooksounds like w or o at the end, if unstressedboo/knowmoda, avfashion, grandmothersounds like awlawPpatoducksounds like ppieQquasealmostqua/quo sounds like kwquickaquihereque/qui sounds like kkeycinqentafiftyqe/qi sounds like kwquickRreciboreceiptsimilar to h soundholidayhonrahonorsimilar to h sound, if preceded by nholidaycartalettersounds like r, similar to the English or French rmorning or jourcaroexpensivesimilar to r soundMaryRRcarrocarsimilar to h soundholidaySsopasoupat the beginning sounds like sseacansadotiredif preceded by l/n/r sounds like sseainglsEnglishafter vowels sounds like smustcasahousebetween vowels sounds like zzeroSCpiscinaswimming poolsce/sci sounds like sseaSdesago downsa/so sounds like sseaSSassadoroastedsounds like sseaTtomatetomatosounds like ttopUuvagrapesounds like wbooVvocyousounds like vverbXMxicoMexico sounds like sh shecaixabox/cashierafter ai/ei sounds like sh shetxitaxisounds like kstaxiprximonextsounds like scityexcelenteexcellentexce/exci sounds like scitytextotextexcl/exp/ext sounds like smustexameexamexa/exe/exi/exo/exu sounds like zzeroZzerozerobefore a vowel sounds like zzerofelizhappyafter a vowel sounds like smustRemark: The letter x has several different pronunciations. 3. Regional PronunciationsFor the letters r/s/x/z there are two big regional differences in pronunciation between So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Both pronunciations are correct.Tip: Be aware that there is this difference. Learn to distinguish between them and choose one of the easiest for you. LETTERSPORTUGUESEENGLISHRcartaletterSinglsEnglishXsexta-feiraFridayZfelizhappy4. Accents used in PortugueseACCENTINDICATES() acute the pronunciation is open as in caf (coffee), av (grandmother).() circumflex the pronunciation is closed as in voc (you), av (grandfather).() grave a contraction of the preposition a and the definite article a = (to).() tilde a nasal sound as in mo (hand).(.) two dotsthe letter u is pronounced as in tranqilo (quiet).5. Similarities between Portuguese and EnglishEven though English is not a Latin language, there are more similarities between Portuguese and English than you might imagine. Below you will find a table with Portuguese endings and their corresponding forms in English. Pronunciation and stress can sometimes be very different from English and you may find some exceptions, but in general you should not have a problem if you are familiar with Portuguese. You can expand your vocabulary very quickly if you know these endings.PORTUGUESEENGLISHacto/ato ecto/etofato, impacto, compacto, contato, aspecto, projeto, objeto, diretoact/ectfact, impact, compact, contact, aspect, project, object, directado/adairritado/a, evaporado/a, limitado/a, sofisticado/aedirritated, evaporated, limited, sophisticatedal/oanimal, total, capital, profissional, liberal, individual, radical, tradicional, nacional, natural, interno, poltico, tpicoalanimal, total, capital, professional, liberal, individual, radical, traditional, national, natural, internal, political, typicalante/enteentoassistente, imigrante, elefante, importante, permanente, acidente, detergente, freqente, cliente, paciente, estudante, presidente, violento, talentoant/entassistant, immigrant, elephant, important, permanent, accident, detergent, frequent, client, patient, student, president, violent, talentopriso, opinio, religio, regioonprison, opinion, religion, regionvel/velprovvel, inevitvel, agradvel, possvel, responsvelable/ibleprobable, inevitable, agreeable, possible, responsibleocondio, instruo, loo, negociao, reao, situao, comunicao, conversao, eleio, cooperao, soluo, contradio, organizao, exceo, qualificao, posio, informao, revoluo, corrupo, operao, instituio, populaotioncondition, instruction, lotion, negotiation, reaction, situation, communication, conversation, election, cooperation, solution, contradiction, organization, exception, qualification, position, information, revolution, corruption, operation, institution, populationcia/aassistncia, violncia, preferncia, evidncia, independncia, experincia, inteligncia, provncia, polcia, sentena, presena, justiaceassistance, violence, preference, evidence, independence, experience, intelligence, province, police, sentence, presence, justice ciademocracia, burocraciacydemocracy, bureaucracydadecuriosidade, universidade, cidade, faculdade, sociedade, prioridade, comunidade, identidade, celebridadetycuriosity, university, city, faculty, society, priority, community, identity, celebrityesescndalo, estvel, esprito, estado, estao, esporte, especial, estriasscandal, stable, spirit, state, station, sports, special, storyessosucesso, processo, acessoesssuccess, process, accessfiageografia, fotografia, caligrafia, filosofiaphygeography, photography, calligraphy, philosophyfonetelefone, microfonephonetelephone, microphonegemmassagem, garagem, imagem, mensagemagemassage, garage, image, messagegiatecnologia, biologia, sociologiagytechnology, biology, sociologyia/iofamlia, agncia, emergncia, indstria, companhia, secretria, adultrio, adversrio, necessrio, aniversrio, mistrio, categoria, histria, estria, laboratrio, territrioyfamily, agency, emergency, industry, company, secretary, adultery, adversary, necessary, anniversary, mystery, category, history, story, laboratory, territoryicodinmico, romntico, pblicoicdynamic, romantic, publicisar/izaranalisar, batizar, legalizar, organizarise/izeanalyze, baptize, legalize, organizeismoturismo, patriotismo, comunismoismtourism, patriotism, communismistadentista, artista, analista, jornalista, especialista, turista, economistaist/ystdentist, artist, analyst, journalist, specialist, tourist, economistivo/ivaexplosivo, primitivo, exclusivo, criativo, positivo, negativo, alternativaiveexplosive, primitive, exclusive, creative, positive, negative, alternativemaprograma, problema, dilema, trauma, drama, sistema, cinemaam/em maprogram, problem, dilemma, trauma, drama, system, cinemamenteexatamente, pessoalmente, inicialmente, recentementelyexactly, personally, initially, recentlymentoinvestimento, monumento, momento, documento, instrumento, testamentomentinvestment, monument, moment, document, instrument, testamentogodilogo, catlogooguedialogue, catalogueorvendedor, professor, diretor, sucessor, atororvendor, professor, director, successor, actoroso/ofamoso, curioso, generoso, nervoso, prspero, srio, tremendoousfamous, curious, generous, ne