（人教大纲版高三全册Unit14 Zoology）.doc

本资料来源于大家网高考英语论坛/forum-136-1.html2010届高三一轮复习教案Unit 14 Zoology考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语surrounding; troop; upward; psychology; camel; stripe; maximum; session； tellapart; make a beeline for sb./sth.; over and over again; after all; come to light; as a matter of fact句型Whats the problem with the animals at the zoo? 用来询问“（你）怎么回事？When all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate. time的动词用法So another astonishing fact came to light. come to light 暴露,真相大白 Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. assume 表示“假设，主观认为，假定； One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees. beyond的用法语法： 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握surrounding; troop; upward; psychology; camel; stripe; maximum; session； tellapart; make a beeline for sb./sth.; over and over again; after all; come to light; as a matter of fact等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握time的动词用法；beyond的用法；assume的相关用法。教材知识归纳知识归纳1.A small animal that helps the police get hold of thieves. 一种能帮助警察捉贼的动物。 get hold of = take/catch hold of 意思是“抓住”；“获得” I got hold of the sack and lifted it. 我抓住包，把它举了起来。He took hold of the rope and pulled. 他抓住绳子用力拉。 I need to get hold of some money quickly.我需要马上就能有点钱 2.An animal that isnt telling the truth. 一种会撒谎的动物。 tell the truth说实话(注意：to tell the truth还可以以插入语的形式使用)To tell the truth, I wont believe what you said.说实话我不相信你说的话。相关归纳：(1)tell a/the lie = tell lies 撒谎(2)tell apart distinguishbetween = tell from; = tell the difference between and 识别，辨别 动副短语 常与can，could，be able to 连用。Some people cant tell blue from green. 在些人分辨不出蓝色与绿色。 Most new cars look so similar that its impossible to tell them apart 许多新汽车看上去象是一样的，不大可能把它们区别开来。I confused Jim with Mike because I cant tell them apart 我把吉姆和麦克混淆了，因为我分不清他们。 The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart 这兄弟俩长得太相象了，连他们的母亲都难以辨别。apart的用法：adv. 分开,相距,相隔The two houses stood 500 metres apart.这两所房子相距500米。You never see them apart these days.他们近来形影不离。These pages stuck together-I cant pull them apart.这几页粘在一起了-我揭不开他们。相关归纳：(1)apart from 除了(某事物)之外，除去；除了之外，还，不止(2)take sth. apart 拆开Apart from his nose, hes quite goodlooking.除了他的鼻子之外，哪儿都好看。Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。The mechanic took the engine apart.机修工把发动机拆开了。John enjoys taking old clocks apart.约翰喜欢拆卸旧钟。3. You are going to hear an interview with a woman who works in a zoo. interview vt./n 采访; 面试 The film star agreed to give an interview after the wedding.这位影星同意在婚礼后接受采访。 Your interview for the job is tomorrow你的求职面试定在明天 注意：interview与cover的区别：(1) interview 可以用interview sb. 或interview sth.但cover只能说cover sth. A reporter interviewed the prime minister.一位记者采访了首相。 They sent a great many reporters to cover the conference 他们派遣了很多记者报道这次会议。 (2) cover除了“采访”的意思外还有“用遮盖；覆盖”“占有（面积）;掩饰” ;“涉及（内容）”等含义。Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean. 由于水覆盖了地球的大部分，库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。 He tried to cover (up)his mistake. 他想掩盖他的错误。He said he could cover the distance on foot in two hours. 他说这段路程两个小时能走完 How many pages have you covered? 你读了多少页了？ What are the main points youre going to cover in your talk ? 你的报告主要涉及哪些内容。 We have only just covered our expenses. 我们所收入的仅够开支而已。 4.Whats the problem with the animals at the zoo? Whats the problem with=Whats the trouble with=Whats the matter with Whats your problem?=Whats wrong with you? 都用来询问“（你）怎么回事？” 5.When all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate.time是动词，计时的意思，还有“安排好时间,使合拍子;安排的速度 How long can you hold your breath underwater ? Take a deep breath and Ill time you . 你在水下能潜多久呢？深呼吸一下，我给你计时。 He timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark . 他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到达旅馆。 He tried to time his steps to the music.他尽力与音乐合节拍。The plane is timed to arrive at 8 oclock.飞机定于八点抵达。The swimmer was timed at 50.50 sec.这名游泳者的成绩被测定为五十点五零秒。6. Professor Karl von Frisch, a scientist from Austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives. amazevt. 使惊愕；使大为惊讶 He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。 相关归纳：(1)amazing adj. 令人惊异的;难以置信的（有些漂亮或另类的东西，总能吸引许多眼球，就可以说是amazing things.）It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。I am always looking for new and amazing items.我总是在寻找让我眼前一亮的新东西。 (2)amazed adj. 使（某人）感到惊奇，常用be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。 He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish. 他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I cant even find where my old house is. 北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。7. He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.transparent adj. 透明的;清澈的Her mother disapproves of her wearing transparent underwear.她母亲不赞成她穿透明的内衣。显而易见的;一目了然的+that It was transparent that her pride was hurt.很显然,她的自尊心受到了伤害。 坦率的,光明正大的 He is a man of transparent sincerity. 他是一个坦率诚恳的人。 8. The dance seemed to excite the surrounding bees.surrounding n. 环境;周围的事物(多用复数)He didnt pay much attention to his surroundings. 他没有多注意他周围的环境。 adj. 周围的;附近的 Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside. 狐狸开始从附近的乡下跑进来。 9. It was also apparent that the circle dance told the bees about the location of the feeding place.apparent 的用法：表面的,外观的;未必真实的 The apparent cause of his illness was excessive drinking, but the real cause was his deep grief at his wifes death. 他生病的表面原因是饮酒过度,但实际原因是丧妻之痛。明显的,显而易见的;明白无误的It was apparent that he was in no condition to travel. 他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。 10. So another astonishing fact came to light. come to light 暴露,真相大白 The scandal came to light when the politician was seen with the lady. 当有人看到那位政客跟那位女士在一起时,真相就大白了。 A political scandal has recently come to light. 最近一桩政治丑闻暴露出来 相关归纳：come to oneself苏醒过来 come to ones help/aid/assistance/onesrescue赶来帮助某人/救助某人 come to 合计，总计 come to an agreement/a conclusion/an understanding 达成一致/得出结论达成谅解 it comes to sb that(it occurs to sb that)想起 come to realize/know/understand开始意识到了解理解 when it comes to sth涉及，有关 _that he had been wrong all along.(他突然想起他一开始时就错了) _upon his fathers death.(他父亲死后他继承了那栋房子) After a careful investingation,_(他们最终得出结论) _.(他债务总计五千元) New evidence _.(新的证据终于显露出来) When we are in trouble,he will always _.(及时帮助我们) _the significance of the matter.(我开始意识到这件事的意义)11. They also found out that bees fly a maximum distance of 3.2 kilometers between their hives and a feeding place. maximum （反minimum） n.最大量,最大数,最大限度C(+of) Our goal is to achieve the maximum of efficiency. 我们的目标是取得最高的效率。 顶点;(法定的)最高极限;(公路行车的)最高速the S(+of) Drivers must not exceed a maximum of 55 miles an hour. 司机不得超过每小时五十五英里的最大时速。 adj. 最大的;最多的;最高的;顶点的 The maximum speed of this car is 150 miles per hour. 这辆车的最大时速为一百五十英里。 12. For example, was it possible for bees to communicate precise details precise adj.精确的;准确的;确切的；丝毫不差的；恰好的 I cant give you a precise date. 我无法告诉你确切的日期。at the precious moment 正在那时 明确的;清晰的 His instructions were not very precise. 他的指示不太明确。 严格的;细致的 We had precise orders to come home by nine oclock. 我们得到严格的命令须于九点前回家。刻板的,拘泥的 He was very precise in his manners. 他的一言一行都有板有眼。 13.to provide an adequate account of the bees behavior.adequate adj.能满足需要(量)的,足够的(+for)或(+to-v )Martin thought that he had no adequate proof.马丁认为他没有充足的证据。 Is your salary adequate to support your family ?你的薪水足够养家吗？ 适当的；适当的(+to/for)（不置于名词前） We found a solution adequate to the problem 我们找到了一个适合这个问题的解决方法 胜任的 (+to)She proved adequate to the job. 事实证明她能胜任此项工作。 尚可的,差强人意的 That hotel is merely adequate. 那家旅馆只能说是差强人意。 14. After designing more experiments, they were able to clarify the procedure by which clarify vt. 澄清;阐明 His explanation clarified the mystery. 他的说明解开了这个谜。 净化It requires of us great efforts to clarify sewage in cities. 净化城市的污水需要我们很大的努力。 使清楚,使清醒 My mind was clarified on this issue. 对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。 15. Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定； (1)assume thatWe assumed that you understood the situation.我们认为，你了解形势。 (2)assume +名词+（to be）+名或形. I assumed him to be an honest man。我认为他是个诚实的人。 (3)assuming和given, supposing，provided/providing（that）等词一样都可以引导状语作用相当于if. Supposing your father saw you playing computer games , what would he say? =if your father saw Assuming that the weather is favourable, Farmers will have a good harvest 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。 Given that it doesnt rain tomorrow，I will go camping.如果明天不下雨，我就会去野营 (4)assumed 假装的，假的；假定的，设想的： His look of astonishment was assumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。 (5)assumption假定，假想 My assumption that he had passed the exam was wrong . 我本以为他已通过了考试，结果我错了。sense的用法派生词： sensitive adj. 敏感的；灵敏的；感光的 sensible adj. 可感觉到的；觉察的。知道的 sensor n. 传感器相关归纳：(1)the sense of smell / taste / touch / sight / hearing 嗅觉味觉触觉，视觉听觉(2)a sense of humour/ beauty / responsibility / duty / fear/ direction/ 幽默感;审美感;责任感;恐惧感;方向感Your brother has a good sense of humor.你兄弟很有幽默感。(3)make sense 有道理；讲得通；很有意义，意义清楚；是合情合理的，是明智的What he said made sense.他讲的话很有道理。(4)make no sense 无意义，无道理It make no sense to do such a thing.做这样的一件事是无意义的。(5)make (no) sense of (不)懂(的意思)，(不)了解的意义(不)理解，(不)明白，(不)清楚I cant make sense of what the teacher said.我不能听懂老师说的话。(6)a common sense 常识(7)in a / one sense 从某种意义上说(8)in no sense 决不(9)lose / recover ones senses 失去恢复知觉；丧失恢复理智(10) have (a) good business sense 有生意眼光；商业意识很强；有经商意识The person has a good business sense and he earns a lot of money.他很有商业意识并且赚了很多钱。(11)It makes (good) sense to do sth 干某事是(很)明智的；干某事是(很)有道理的(12)Theres no sense in (doing) sth 干是没有理由 / 意思道理的Theres no sense in arguing with him。同他争论没有有什么用处。(13)sense that.觉察到；感(觉)到；意识到I sensed that I had made a serious mistake.我意识到自己犯了个严重的错误。概念提示重点/热点1：事实上的表达方法：as a matter of factAs a mater of fact, I am hungry.实际上我饿了。in fact In fact he does not have much money.事实上他没什么钱(3)in point of factHe said he would pay, but in point of fact he has no money.他说他付钱，可实际上他并没有钱。(4)in effectThe two methods were in effect identical.那两个办法实际上是一样的。(5)in realityEveryone likes the stranger, but in reality he is a criminal.每个人都喜欢这位陌生人,其实他却是个罪犯。(6)actuallyDid you actually see him break the window?你真的看到他打破窗户吗?(7)in actual factShe looks young, but shes in actual fact 50.她看上去年轻,可是实际上已五十岁了。重点/热点2：One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees.beyond的用法：一、beyond作介词用时，使用最广，常用于下列几种情况： 1.表示位置，意思是“在的那一边；在之外；在更远处”。例如： Beyond the river stood a power station 过了这条河就是一个发电站。 2.表示时间，其意为“迟于；超过”。Some shops keep open beyond midnight有些商店营业到半夜以后。 3.表范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为所不能及”在句中常作 作表语 e.g. Your work is beyond all praise 你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。作定语These were matters beyond his understanding as yet 这些事情他那时候还不了解。 作状语 We succeeded beyond our hopes 我们获得如此之成功，是我们始料所不及的。 4.用在否定和疑问句中，意思是“除之外”。e.g. I know nothing beyond what he told me 除了他告诉我的以外，别的我都不知道。 Is there anything more you can say beyond that？ 除了那点之外，你还能说些什么吗？ 5.beyond有时还可表示年龄或数量，意思是“超过”。 He didnt believe in people living beyond 100 他不相信人能活到100岁以上。 二、beyond也常作副词用，主要有下面两种用法： 1.指时空或正在进行中的活动，意思是“在远处；向远处；更远处”。 If we cross the mountains we may find people living in the valley beyond 如果我们翻过这些大山，我们就可以发现在远处山谷中生活的人们。 Ill go with you to the bridge，but not a step beyond 我愿意同你一道走到桥头，但再远的地方一步也不愿意去。 2.表示外加，意思是“此外；以外”。He told me nothing beyond 此外他没告诉我什么。易混易错点1：While their societies are different, they all communicate and be have in advanced ways.while连词,意为尽管;虽然;其用法大致有以下四种用法:1.引导时间状语从句,意为当的时候;和同时,此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。 Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。 while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。 We are teachers while (we are) serving as students. 我们边当老师边当学生。2.表示对比或转折,意为而;然而。此时,while一般位于句中。 Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。You like sports, while I prefer music. 你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。 3.表示让步,通常位于句首,意为尽管;虽然。 While I agree with your reasons, I cant allow it. 尽管我同意你的理由,但我不能允许这样做。While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对学生们很严格。While (he was) respected, he is not liked. 他虽受人尊敬,但并不被人喜欢。 4.表示条件,意为只要,其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。 You dont have to worry while we are here. 只要我们在,你就别着急。 There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有空气和水,就有生命。While there is life, there is hope. 留得生命在,不怕没希望。 5.意为同时;也。While the book is welcomed by scholars, it will make an immediate appeal to the general readers. 这本书受到学者的欢迎,同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。 6.意为趁着。 Make hay while the sun shines. 晒草要趁阳光好。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。While the roses are yet in bloom, will you come with me to see them? 趁着玫瑰花还开着,你和我一道去看看好吗? 讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. I am sure David will be able to find the library - he has a pretty good _ of direction.A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense解析： sense 的用法。根据上文由be able to find the library可知，David“有非常好的方向感”。sense有an understanding about sth；an ability to judge sth之义可以说sense of direction、humor，译为“方向感、幽默感”，在此处sense实际上指的是一种2. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _, neither of them could swim.（A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally解析：根据题意两名中年乘客落入水中，两人都不会游泳可知此处应为Unfortunately 不幸的是。答案：C3. Luckily the other day I found some books that may _ these matters.A. light upon B. give light upon C. throw light upon D. cast shadow upon变式1. He has worked on the research for many years, but something that he hopes for doesnt .A. come to lightsB. come to a light C. come to lighting D. come to light解析：3. 该句的意思是“幸运的是几天前我找到了一些书，这些书可能能够阐明这些问题。”throw light upon“阐明”符合题意。答案：C变式1. come to light为固定短语，指“显露，为人所知”。答案：D4.He full marks, but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.A. must have gainedB. can have gainedC. could have gainedD. must gain变式1. .She was two hours late. What to her?A. may happenB. is happeningC. can have happened D. must have happened解析：4. could have done指“过去某人本来有能力做某事，但某人实际上未做成”。答案：C变式1. can have done用来推测“过去”或“从过去到现在为止”可能发生的事情，一般用在疑问句或否定句中。答案：C5.Not getting that job was a big let-down.Dont worry. Something better will _.A. come along B. take on C. go by D. fall behind解析： 本题主要考查动词短语的意义辨析。选项A的意思是“出现，进展，一起来”；选项B的意思是“呈现，雇佣，接纳，承担”；选项C的意思是“经过”；选项D的意思是“落后”。根据对话的内容，前者表现出对没有得到工作的悲观情绪，后者表示对他的安慰，指更好的事情会出现，于是本题的正确答案为A。课后题：1.There is a popular belief among parents schools dont pay any attention to handling.A. whoseB. that C. which D. in which2.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, .A. the more for life are you equippedB. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped forD. you are equipped the more for life3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment I will always treasure.A. thatB. one C. it D. what4. Jack felt unhappy as they all went outing _ him.A. except B. but C. without D. besides5. That she hadnt kept her _ on her work resulted in the failure.A. head B. heart C. brain D. mind解析：1.B that引导的同位语从句指belief的内容。2.B the more, the more结构。be equipped for life为生活储备。3.B one替代前面moment; it特指一个；that替代“the +单数名词”。4. C 本题主要考查介词的用法区别。根据句子中的felt unhappy可知，句子中表示一种心理状态，于是，正确答案为C。5. D 本题主要考查名词的意义区别。根据后面的resulted in failure可知，她没有专心于工作，而keep ones mind on意思为“专心于”，于是正确答案为D。课后练习题A组：1.How can you these two books apart?A. say B. speak C. tell D. divide2. Why are the tax collectors so busy? Many people prefer to have their tax forms completed by a professional rather than _.A. do it themselves B. doing it themselvesC. to do it themselves D. done by themselves3.The suggestion that everyone should be equipped with a computer at theconference.A. mentionedB. came up C. was come up D. spoke of4.Last Sunday morning I set out early to call on Tom only him seriously ill in bed. A. findingB. found C. to find D. find5.The notes to the text help to make the difficult points .A. easilyB. easier C. more easily D. more easier6 .How did you find the lecture tonight?Very .I doubt if I will come for this lecture next time.A. encouragingB. encouraged C. disappointing D. disappointed7.Dont take the magazine away. It me.A. is belonged toB. belongs to C. was belonged to D. is belonging to8.My uncle said that he would write to me, but I from him so far.A. didnt hearB. hadnt heard C. havent heard D. wont heard9.He was so touchy (易怒的) that a word would him .A. set; outB. set; off C. set; up D. set; back10.I have no idea how it