2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题15S字部（二）.docx

专题十五 S字部（二）1. shoutv.&n.喊，高声呼叫动词用法：表示“大声说，喊叫，呼喊”，shout at sb.对某人怒吼（带有愤怒感情色彩）；shout to sb.对某人大喊大叫（仅描述大声叫喊这一动作，不带感情色彩）；试比较：I can hear you clearly. There is no need for you to shout to me.我听得很清楚，你不必大声叫喊。He ran up to the driver and began to shout at him.他跑到司机那儿，冲他大叫大嚷起来。名词用法：表示“（生气、疼痛、兴奋等的）喊叫（声），呼叫（声）”，可以和介词of连用。例如：Tom gave a shout of laughter when he saw them. 汤姆看见他们，发出一声大笑。（2019，山东卷，短文填空）Fairy, he shouted, take away this 47 (terrible) gift! Give me back my little gal!2. shown.表演；展示；展览（会）；显示；v.给看；出示；显示词形变化：过去式showed，过去分词shown/showed名词词组：on show在展出；talk show脱口秀；talent show才艺表演会；TV show电视节目动词词组：show up露面；show off炫耀；show oneself露面；show sb. around (sth.)带某人参观/四处看看名词用法：表示“娱乐表演，演出”，或“（电视、广播的）节目”。例如：put on a show上演节目表示“展览（会）”：an agricultural show 农业展览会动词用法：表示“给看，出示”，及物动词，show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.。例如：The children proudly showed me their gifts (=showed their gifts to me). 孩子们自豪地给我看他们的礼物。表示“指出，指给某人看”，可用于show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句。例如：Show me which picture you drew. 指给我看哪张画是你画的。表示“（提供事实，信息）表明，证明”，及物动词，可直接跟宾语，可跟双宾语，可接从句。例如：Numbers showed a 9% increase in the price. 数据显示价格上升了9%。Research has shown us that people want not just low prices. 研究告诉我们，人们需要的不仅仅是低价格。表示“（通过示范）教，演示；解说”，可用show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句结构。例如：Can you show me how to do it? 你能教我怎么做吗？（2019，山东卷，单项填空）20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. although B. because C. if（2019，山东卷，阅读A）Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.3. shutv.关上；封闭词形变化：过去式shut，过去分词shut关联词组：shut down停工，关闭；shut up住口；shut off切断，关掉；shut out关在外面用法：表示“（使）关上，（使）关闭”，可及物可不及物，常见于shut (sth.) behind sb.结构。例如：She walked quickly in and shut the door behind her. 她快步走进来，随手关上身后的门。表示“（使）关门，停止营业”，可指暂时性或永久地关门。例如：The post office shuts at 5 oclock. 邮局五点钟关门。He lost his job when they shut the factory. 他们把工厂关闭后，他失去了工作。近义词：close v.关闭（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there is too little light.4. sickadj.有病的，患病的；（想）呕吐的关联词组：get sick生病了；sick leave病假；sick pay病假工资；be sick of对感到厌恶 用法：表示“生病的，患病的”，可做表语，可做定语；sick with得了病。例如：a sick child 生病的孩子；a sick animal 患病的动物I have been sick with flu. 我感冒了。He saved the child from fire. 他把那个小孩从火里救了出来。be sick或feel sick表示“想呕吐”，“反胃，恶心，作呕”。例如：As soon as the ship started moving I began to feel sick. 轮船一开动，我就感到恶心了。词性转换：sickness n.疾病；呕吐同义词：ill adj.生病的（2019，浙江卷，阅读D）Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick.5. sightn.情景；风景；视力关联词组：at first sight咋一看，初看之下；out of sight看不见，在视野之外；lose ones sight失明；at the sight of一看见就；catch sight of看到，瞥见 用法：表示“视力，视觉”，例如：Annes sight is very good for someone of her age. 安妮的视力对于她这个年龄的人来说算是非常好的。表示“看到，看见”，指看见的动作，多以单数形式出现，常与of连用。例如：Just the sight of him made her body shake. 一看到他，她就身体颤抖。表示“景物，景象；名胜，景点”，指所见之物。例如：As he reached the front door, he saw a strange sight. 他走到前门，看到了一个奇怪的景象。词性转换：sighted adj.有视力的；sightless adj.盲的，看不见的关联单词：sightseeing n.观光，游览：go sightseeing去观光（2019，浙江卷，完形）Instead of resting her _3_ until it got better, Mrs. Chaplin kept on singing.3. A. sightB. voiceC. smellD. hearing6. silentadj.无声的；沉默的 用法：指不说话，可以表示“沉默的，不语的”；remain/stay/keep silent保持沉默；也可以形容“沉默寡言的”性格类型。例如：Hes the silent type. 他是那种沉默寡言的人。表示“寂静的，无声的”。例如：The large house was old and silent.这幢大房子既老旧又寂静。词性转换：silence n.安静；沉默；silently adv.安静地同义词：quiet adj.安静地（2019，浙江卷，完形）I listened silently. Shes such a loser, one girl said.7. similaradj.相似的，近似的，类似的；像用法：be similar to=be like与相似；be similar in在方面相似。例如：Her ideas are quite similar to mine. 她的观点和我的很相似。The two cars are very similar in size and color. 这两辆汽车大小和颜色都非常相似。近义词：alike adj.很相似的，相像的：尤指外表或者行为上面特别像；look alike看起来像。例如：She and her sister look alike. 她和她妹妹长得很像。反义词：different adj.不同的（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）Trampolining has benefits similar to those of running, but without too much stress on knees and ankles.8. simpleadj.简单的，简易的 用法：表示“简单的，简易的；容易的”，与困难、复杂相对；simple to use/make/operate使用/制作/操作起来简单。例如：Modern cameras are very simple to use. 现代照相机用起来非常简单。表示“简朴的，朴素的”。例如：simple but delicious food 简单美味的食物词性转换：simply adj.简单地；简直；朴素地；simplicity n.简单；朴素；天真近义词：easy adj.简单的，容易的；plain adj.家常的，普通的反义词：difficult adj.困难的（2019，江苏卷，完形）The Hill sisters, who devoted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would continue to earn about $ 2 million every year.9. singleadj.单一的，单个的；单身的关联词组：single room单人房；single bed单人床用法：表示“仅有一个的，单一的，单个的”，仅用于名词前。例如：I couldnt understand a single word she said! 她讲的东西我一个字都听不懂！表示“未婚的，单身的”。例如：Are you still single? 你还是单身吗？反义词：married adj.已婚的（2019，安徽卷，单项填空）7.Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?Yes, Id like to _ a single room for two nights.A. enterB. moveC. bookD. provide10. situationn.形式，情况，状况，局面关联词组：present situation现状；general situation概况；economic situation经济形势，经济状况；international situation国际形势；political situation政治局势用法：in a situation处于局面/情况。例如：We have all been in similar situations. 我们都遇到过类似的局面。（2019，浙江卷，完形）_2_, their economic(经济的) situation changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894.2. A. AlthoughB. SoC. HoweverD. Besides11. skilln.技能，技巧 关联词组：communication skill沟通技巧；writing skill书写技能；social skill社交能力用法：尤指通过学习和实践获得的技艺，相当于ability；skill in/at (doing sht.)表示某方面的技能。例如;His skill at dealing with people got him a nice job.因为擅长与人打交道，他得到了一份好工作。词性转换：skilled adj.熟练的；有技能的；skillful(ly) adj.熟练的，巧妙的；skillfulness n.灵巧，有技巧（2019，山东卷，单项填空）28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _helps with students health, _improves their social skills.A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also12. slowadj.&adv.慢慢的（地），缓慢的（地）；v.（使）慢下来，使（减速）作形容词，表示“（缓）慢的；耗时的”，指速度不快，或进展不快。例如：The car was travelling at a very slow speed. 汽车正以非常慢的速度行驶。slow本身可作副词，和slowly区别如下：一般slowly视为slow的常用副词；有时，slow作为非正式用语或在路标等中也用作副词，亦可用以构成复合词；slow通常用于比较级和最高级；比较级时slower和more slowly均可。例如：slow-moving traffic 缓慢行进的车辆Can you speak slower/more slowly? 你说慢点行吗？作动词，可及物，可不及物；通常用于slow (sth.) down（使）慢下来，（使）减速。例如：Growth in sales has slowed down. 销售的增长放慢了。The ice on the road slowed us down.由于路面结冰，我们放慢了速度。反义词：quick/fast adj.快的（2019，北京卷，阅读C）Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down.13. smartn.聪明的，机灵的；智能的；时髦的g用法：表示“聪颖的，明智的”，例如：I was smart enough to wait for a week. 我很明智，等了一个星期。表示“智能的”，指机器、材料、技术等。例如：smart phone智能电话He felt an extreme sense of loss. 他感到及其失落。用来形容人“衣着讲究、光鲜的”，或表示“时髦的”。例如： You look very smart in that suit. 你穿上这套衣服显得很精神。词性转换：smartly adv.漂亮地；潇洒地；smartness n.机灵，敏捷同义词：clever adj.聪明的（2019，北京卷，阅读D）Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge.14. smellv.嗅；闻到；发气味；n.气味词形变化：过去smelled或smelt，过去分词smelled或smelt动词用法：作连系动词，表示“有某种气味，闻起来像”，smell+形容词或smell like闻起来像。例如：The stew smelled delicious. 这炖菜闻起来真香。What does the flower smell like? 这种花闻起来什么味道？表示“闻，嗅”，指把鼻子靠近某物这一动作。例如：Smell this and tell me what you think it is. 你闻一下这个，然后告诉我是什么。表示“闻到，嗅到（某种东西的气味）”，常与can/could连用，后面跟名词。例如：I can smell coffee. 我闻到了咖啡的味道。名词用法：表示“气味”，可数名词，其后常接of。例如：The air was filled with the smell of flowers. 空气中弥漫着花香。表示“嗅觉”，不可数名词。常见于短语：sense of smell嗅觉表示“闻，嗅”，指这一动作，一般用单数。例如：Have a smell of this cheese; does it seem all right? 闻一闻这块干酪，没变味吧？词性转换：smelly adj.有臭味的，发臭的（2019，北京卷，阅读C）Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing.15. smoothadj.光滑的，平坦的；顺利的用法：形容表面，“平滑的，光滑的”，相当于flat。例如：Her skin felt smooth and cool. 她的皮肤摸上去又滑又凉。表示“顺利的，无困难、无问题的”。例如：Everyone hoped for the smooth operation of the machine.所有人都期望机器稳定运转。词性转换：smoothly adv.平滑地；顺利地；流畅地；smoothness n.平滑，平坦；顺利（2019，湖北卷，阅读C）And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more smoothly than Id ever thought.16. socialadj.社会的；社交的 关联词组：social development/progress社会发展/进步；social order社会秩序；social life社交生活用法：本义表示“社会的，有关社会的”；或“社会阶层（地位）的”。例如：social problems, such as unemployment and education 失业和教育之类的社会问题The students come from different social classes. 这些学生来自不同的社会阶层。表示“社交的，交际的”。例如：Group play helps children develop social skills. 小组游戏有助于儿童发展交际能力。词性转换：society n.社会；社团；socially adv.在社会上（2019，山东卷，单项填空）28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _helps with students health, _improves their social skills.A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also17. someadj.一些，若干；有些，某些；某一；pron.若干，一些；有些，某些形容词用法：表示“一些，若干”，形容数量，修饰可数或不可数名词均可。例如：Theres still some wine in the bottle. 瓶子里还有些葡萄酒。 Have some more vegetables. 再吃点蔬菜吧。表示“有些，一部分”，指相对整体或全部而言。例如：Some people believe in life after death. 有些人相信死后还有来生。表示“某个，某种”，指不知道确切是那个人或物。例如：There must be some reason for her behaviour. 她的行为一定是有什么原因的。代词用法：分别与some形容词的前两种含义相对应“一些，若干”，代指可数或不可数名词均可。例如：Ive just made coffee. Would you like some? 我刚煮了咖啡，你想喝点吗？“有些，一部分”，代指整体中的一部分，常与of连用。例如：Some say it was an accident, but I dont believe it. 有些人说那是一个意外，但我不相信。Can I have some of your cake? 我可以吃一点你的蛋糕吗？关联单词：somebody pron.某人，有人；someone pron.某一个人；something pron.某事，某物；sometimes adv.有时；somewhere adv.在某处（2019，北京卷，单项填空）2.We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.A. onB. toC. inD. of（2019，北京卷，阅读D）As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps theyre not really forgotten.18. sortv.把分类，整理；n.种类，类别关联词组：sort sb./sth. out整理，使整齐；挑出，拣选；解决，处理（困境或难题）动词用法：sort sth. into sth.把整理成； Lets sort all the clothes into piles. 我们来把所有这些衣服都整理好分成几堆。名词用法：sort=kind；其后常接of；all sorts (kinds) of各种各样的；例如：There are all sorts of activities for kids in the kindergarten. 在幼儿园有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。口语中可用sort/kind of表示“有点，有几分”，例如：I sort of like him, but I dont know why. 我有点喜欢他，但不知道为什么。（2019年，江西卷，阅读B）On my way to school I wondered what sort of questions the other boys would ask me and practiced all the answers: I am nine years old.19. soundv.听起来；n.声音 动词用法：sound主要作连系动词，且有多重含义：与声响有关，表示“听起来像”；sound+形容词，sound like，sound as if/though；例如：I heard what sounded like fireworks. 我听到像是烟花的声音。与人的话音（voice）相关，表示“听起来”；sound +形容词，sound like，sound as it/though；例如：You sound as if youve got a cold. 你听起来好像感冒了。相当于seem，表示“听起来，看起来，好像”，其后也可接形容词，like，as if/though等；另外还可直接sound+名词。例如：That sounds a good idea. 那主意听起来很不错。名词用法：表示“声，声音”，指所听到的声响，注意不同于noise（指噪音，或特指吵闹声），可接of。例如：There were sounds of rats at midnight in this room. 这个房间半夜有老鼠的声音。特指“（电视、广播、电影等的）声音”或“音量”。例如：Turn the sound down a little, will you? 把音量调低一点好吗？词性转换：soundless(ly) adj.无声的，寂静的（2019年，浙江卷，完形）The once familiar voice sounded so _15_ and strange.15. A. seriousB. specialC. weakD. cold20. specialadj.特别的；专门的 用法：表示“不寻常的，特别的，特殊的”，与普通相对；常用于anything/something/nothing special结构。例如：Are you doing anything special for Christmas? 你过圣诞节有什么特别活动吗？表示“有专门目的的，其专门作用的”，例如：These teachers need special training. 这些教师需要专门的培训。词性转换：specially adv.特别地；专门地；specialis