美国文学史及作品选读PPT1

Lecture1TheLiteratureoftheColonialAmericaandofReasonandRevolution TeachingObjectivesandRequirements 1MakethestudentsknowclearaboutAmericanPuritanismanditsinfluenceonAmericanLiterature 2Helpthestudentstoknowaboutthemainliteraryform contentandthemeinColonialAmericaandtherepresentativewritersofthisperiod 3HelpthestudentsknowabouttheAmericanhistoryofIndependenceWarandtherepresentativesintheperiodofReasonandRevolution especiallytheirinfluenceonAmericanLiterature 4MakethestudentshaveagoodunderstandingofJonathanEdwardsandBenjaminFranklin 5MakesurethestudentsunderstandclearlyaboutBenjaminFranklin sAutobiographyanditsinfluenceonthelatterAmericans 1LiteratureoftheColonialAmerica 1607 1765 2LiteratureofReasonandRevolution 1765 Endof18thC 1 1HistoricalBackground In1492 ChristopherColumbusfoundthenewcontinentcalledAmerica Spanish thefirsttownonthenewcontinent Dutch NewYorkcity French French lotsofpeople smothertongueinNorthAmerica English firstsettledinJamestownofVirginiain1607 In1620 thefamous MayFlower shipped102PuritanstoPlymouth 1 2PuritanThought Puritanism thepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans Puritans Calvinists Puritanswantedto purifythechurch toitsoriginalstate TobeaPuritan religion themostimportantthing livingforglorifyingGod believingpredestination originalsin totaldepravity limitedatonement LifestyleofPuritans piousaustereoftastediligentthriftrigidsenseofmoralityself reliant AmericanPuritanism thepracticesandbeliefsoftheAmericanPuritans AmericanPuritanswereoriginallymembersofadivisionoftheProtestantChurch whocameintoexistenceinthereignsofQueenElizabethandKingJamesI Theywereagroupofserious religiouspeople advocatinghighlyreligiousandmoralprinciples Theywantedtopurifytheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices TheycametoAmericaoutofvariousreasons Theywereidealists believingthechurchshouldberestoredtocomplete purity anddreamingthattheywouldbuildthenewlandtoanEdenonearth Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination originalsin totaldepravity andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod ButinthegrimstruggleforsurvivalaftertheirarrivalinAmerica theybecamemoreandmorepractical AmericanPuritans liveswereextremelydisciplinedandhard Theydroveoutoftheirsettlementsallthoseopinionsthatseemeddangeroustothem Asacultureheritage AmericanPuritanismdidhaveaprofoundinfluenceontheearlyAmericanmind ItalsohadanenduringinfluenceonAmericanliterature ItwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature Ithadbecome tosomeextent somuchastateofmind somuchapartofthenationalculturalatmosphere ratherthanasetoftenets InfluenceofAmericanPuritanismonliterature BasisofAmericanliterature thedreamofbuildinganEdenofGardenonearth Beinginstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolism meaningusingsymbolsinliteraryworks Thesymbolmeanssomethingrepresentingorstandingforabstractdeepmeaning lotsofAmericanwriterslikedtoemploysymbolismintheirworks Style simple freshanddirect 1 3ColonialLiterature Generalfeatures Humbleorigins diaries histories lettersetc Incontent servingeitherGodorcolonialexpansionorboth Inform imitatingEnglishliterarytraditions Representatives CaptainJohnSmith thefirstAmericanWriter ADescriptionofNewEngland P16 WilliamBradford TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation P16 17 JohnWinthrop TheHistoryofNewEngland AModelofChristianCharity AnneBradstreet firstAmericanwomanpoet aPuritanpoet oncecalled TenthMuse herfirstcollectionofpoems TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica wasthefirstbookwrittenbyawomantobepublishedintheUnitedStates herpoemsmainlyaboutreligiousexperience familylifeandearlysettlers lives herworkalsoservesasadocumentofthestrugglesofaPuritanwifeagainstthehardshipsofNewEnglandcoloniallife andinsomewayisatestamenttoplightofthewomenoftheage hermostfamouspoems Contemplations P17 RogerWilliams oneofthegreatestPuritandissenters beginswiththehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica andthehistoryoftheseparationofchurchandstate EdwardTaylor thebestofthepuritanpoets ameditativepoet mostofhisworktreatedreligiousthemes withpoemsbaseddirectlyonthePsalms back 2LiteratureofReasonandRevolution 1765 Endof18thC 2 1HistoricalBackground 2 2RepresentativesintheperiodofReasonandRevolution Enlightenment 启蒙运动 OriginatedinEuropeinthe17thcentury 1680 Resources Newton stheory deism P28 Frenchphilosophy Rousseau Voltaire Basicprinciples stressingeducation stressingReason Order employingReasontoreconsiderthetraditionsandsocialrealities concernsforcivilrights suchasequalityandsocialjustice Significance acceleratingsocialprogress freeingpeoplefromthelimitationssetbyprevailingPuritanism makingspiritualpreparationforAmericanRevolution Representatives BenjaminFranklin ThomasPaine ThomasJeffersonetc InfluenceonliteratureInform imitatingEnglishclassical 古典主义 writersIncontent utilitariantendency forpoliticaloreducationalpurpose AmericanRevolution 1775 Lexington beginningoftheIndependenceWar June4th 1776 ThomasJefferson DeclarationofIndependence 1778 alliancewithFrance turningpointforAmericanarmy 1778 Englisharmysurrendered 1783 formalrecognitionfromBritaingovernment back Workedasaministerandwasanimportantfigurein GreatAwakening aseriousofreligiousrevivalswhichoccurredinthe1730sand1740sonNorthAmericacontinent Livedandmeditatedinsolitude wrotesomebooks TheGreatDoctrineofOriginalSinDefended TheFreedomofWill TheNatureofTrueVirtue P29 2 2 1JonathanEdwards 1703 1758 InfluencedbythenewideasofEnlightenment suchasempiricism ApiousPuritan HissenseofGod soverwhelmingpresenceinnatureandinsoulanticipatedtheTranscendentalism P32 FirstmodernAmericanandthecountry slastmedievalman 2 2 2BenjaminFranklin 1706 1790 Life Jackofalltrades Ascientistwithlotsofinventionsandafamousexperiment kite electricity thunderstorm Afamousstatesman theonlyAmericanwhooncesignedallthefourdocumentsthatcreatedthenewcountry P33 AnexamplewhomadeAmericanDreamcometrue Literaryworks PoorRichard sAlmanac 穷查理的年历 Modeledonfarmers annualcalendar keptpublishingformanyyears includesmanyclassicalsayings suchas Apennysavedisapennyearned P34 TheAutobiography firstofitskindinliterature Writingwhenhewas65AnintroductionofhislifetohisownsonIncludingfourpartswrittenindifferenttimeTellingreaderstodaywhatlifewasin18thcenturyAmerica areflectionof18thcenturyidealismThepreeminentworkthatmythologizesaherooftheAmericanrevolutionTheonlyenduringtokenthatenshrinesallthefacetsofFranklin sdiversenaturePresentingAmericanstodaywithagreatherofromthepastwhohelpedestablishthetraditionofAmericanDreamAgoodexampleofwhyFranklinis thefirstAmerican Puritanism sinfluence apuritandocument arecordofself examinationandself improvement timetable thirteenvirtues lifestyle aconvincingillustrationofthePuritanethic beingindustrious frugalandprudent Enlightenmentspirits aneloquentelucidationofthefactthatFranklinwasspokesmanforenlightenmentandthatherepresentedinAmericaallitsideasStyle simple clearinorder directandconcisePopular stillwell readtoday hisvaluesandstyleinfluencedlotsofAmericans 2 2 3OtherRepresentatives ThomasPaine 1737 1809 AmericanCrisisandCommonSense ThomasJefferson 1743 1826 DeclarationofIndependence PhilipFreneau 1752 18